The influence of neighbourhood equity on parkrunners in a British city

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Haake ◽  
Ben Heller ◽  
Paul Schneider ◽  
Rob Smith ◽  
Geoff Green
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Economically Deprived ◽  
The City ◽  
Indices Of Multiple Deprivation

Summary Physical activity benefits both physical and mental health. Specific events may augment participation in physical activity at a population level. Parkrun is a popular, free, weekly, timed 5 km run or walk in public spaces located in five continents. However, these events may be distributed inequitably, possibly reinforcing inequities in health. As a prelude to a comprehensive analysis of a larger dataset, we explore a hypothesis that participation in parkrun is influenced by the socio-economic characteristics of both parkrunners and their park. Two parkruns, 4.5 km apart, were selected in the city of Sheffield in the United Kingdom. Defined by indices of multiple deprivation, Castle parkrun is located in an economically deprived neighbourhood and Hallam parkrun is in a prosperous area of the city. Parkrunners were defined by applying these same indices to the neighbourhood of home registration. Results: (i) the prosperous Hallam catchment area produced over five times more parkrun participants than Castle; (ii) compared with Castle, Hallam parkrun attracted more participants from both catchment areas; (iii) consequently, Hallam parkrun had seven times more participants than Castle parkrun. Conclusion: establishing parkruns in deprived areas is a necessary but not sufficient prerequisite for equity of participation in this heath promoting activity.

scholarly journals Empirical study of the mental representation of the image of the city (on the example of Kazan and Naberezhnye Chelny)

2021 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 01034
Author(s):  
Maria Latypova ◽  
Elvira Mingalimova ◽  
Angelina Rubtsova ◽  
Arthur Tazov
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
The City

The purpose of the study is to identify the formed image of the territory in the perception of its inhabitants, using empirical research data for this. The main results of the study are that a comprehensive analysis of the mental representation of the urban space was carried out, on the basis of which the key elements of the image of the territory, the boundaries of the vernacular districts of the city, their urbanonymy were identified, as well as the significant role of urban open public spaces in the formation of the image of the territory. The authors come to the conclusion about the peculiarities of building images of cities, centered on symbolically significant elements and spaces that act as anchors for forming the image of a city in the perception of residents, attaching the population to the territory and constructing local identity.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG HEALTHY SERBIAN ADOLESCENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Nikolić ◽  
Radmila Jovanović ◽  
Aleksandra Stanković
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Recommended Guidelines ◽  
The City ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical activity (PA) remains the most important modifiable risk factor in the prevention of chronic diseases that are major killers in the modern era. However, many young people today do not meet the recommended guidelines on PA. Few studies were found on the levels of physical activity among adolescents from transitional countries. Objective: To determine the levels of physical activity in a representative sample of healthy adolescents from Pančevo (Serbia), and the factors that determine these level. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 401 randomly selected adolescents (191 boys and 210 girls) from the city of Pančevo, Serbia. The long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), validated for Serbia, was applied. PA was expressed as metabolic equivalent-minute per week (MET-min/week) and classified as low, moderate, or high. Results: The median PA for the whole sample was 2049.18 MET-min/week. The average PA score in boys was higher (2680 MET-min/week) than in girls (1479 MET-min/week). The prevalence of respondents with inadequate PA was 53.9%, and was higher in girls than in boys. Boys showed the higher values for intense and moderate PA, while the prevalent type of PA among girls was walking. Level of PA did not depend on the adolescent's nutritional status. The most important predictors of PA among the participants were sex, father's PA, and hours spent on sedentary activities like using a computer and watching television. Conclusion: Adolescents in Pančevo do not practice enough physical activity, especially girls. Better strategies are needed, to increase levels of PA, considering the main predictors in the adolescent population. Level of Evidence II; Retrospective study.

scholarly journals Housing and urban design for COVID-19 pandemic; design for prevention of virus spread

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e02-e02
Author(s):  
Delaram Shahbazian
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
The City ◽  
Design And Construction

The new COVID-19 disease, which is affecting the world and has infected and killed many people, has rapidly changed people’s lifestyles and, accordingly, changed people’s needs, including their demands on their living environment. As the disease progressed, people were forced to stay at home to escape the disease. Even cities and public spaces could no longer be used. These situations, as well as the anxiety caused by this unknown disease, quickly led to mental health problems such as depression, isolation, aggression, stress, and physical illnesses due to inactivity. Given that the living environment of people, and above all, their homes, has a direct impact on the physical and mental health of people, profound and fundamental changes and decisions in the design and construction of houses are necessary for this situation where people have to spend most of their time in their homes. On the other hand, people need to socialize with each other and do their daily and essential tasks easily, even in a pandemic situation. Therefore, the urban design must also have significant changes in accordance with these conditions. In this article, we will review the design strategies of the city and the design and construction of houses to better respond to them in such situations.

scholarly journals Health and socio-economic inequalities by sexual orientation among older women in the United Kingdom: findings from the UK Household Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Laia Bécares
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Lesbian, gay, bisexual and queer (LGBQ) women living in the United Kingdom (UK) experience worse health than their heterosexual peers throughout their lives, but less is known about health inequalities in older age. This study uses population-level data to examine inequalities among LGBQ older women and women who prefer not to disclose their sexuality, compared to heterosexual women. Analyses use data from women aged 50 and older who were active in Waves 3 and 7 of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (also known as Understanding Society) (N = 8,209) to examine inequalities in socio-economic conditions, health and alcohol consumption across sexual orientation groups. LGBQ older women are on average younger and have higher socio-economic resources than their heterosexual peers. In contrast, women who prefer not to disclose their sexual orientation are older and have the lowest income and educational qualifications. Results of the health inequalities analyses show that LGBQ older women are almost twice as likely as heterosexual older women to engage in harmful alcohol consumption. Older women who prefer not to disclose their sexuality have worse physical and mental health than heterosexual older women. The health of LGBQ older women and women who prefer not to disclose their sexual orientation is one of the most neglected research areas in UK gerontology. Findings of this study contribute to our understanding of their social and health circumstances, and illuminate methodological limitations in existing data.

scholarly journals Investigating the Impact of QoL Program on Public Spaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lobna Mostafa
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Residential Neighborhood ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Two primary objectives of the Saudi QoL program are Improving individuals` lifestyles by developing new approaches that boost residents` participation in cultural, entertainment, and sports activities. The second is enhancing the quality of life by creating activities that contribute to diversifying economic activity and boosting the status of sustainable development plans of Saudi Arabian cities are. Improving and adapting open public spaces and streets in the city of Riyadh into pedestrian-friendly ones and fewer cars' dependent can do much change and help accomplish the country's vision. In this regard, the main research goal is to investigate the reflections of the QoL program on the urban and social life in Riyadh neighborhoods with a focus on the quality of public spaces to promote social activities and walkability as the prime physical activity of neighborhoods residents. The research follows mixed methods for its different parts. The research followed a qualitative approach is in the theoretical studies and literature review. The research involves a quantitative analysis for the research survey, which investigates factors affecting the community's tendency to use public spaces and practice walkability as a main physical activity in their daily lives within their neighborhoods. The research significance is to link the national perspective of QoL and international best practices in placemaking and public spaces according to their global initiatives and the UN-Habitat Public Space program launched in 2020. On that track reducing the dependence on autos and encouraging physical activities and walkability among all community members. The research outcomes will help transform Riyadh Neighborhoods into more pedestrian-friendly urban public spaces by concluding the main parameters and their responsive design solutions to promote community tendency of using public spaces and practice walkability. The research provides recommendations for developing public spaces and pedestrian infrastructure to encourage the city planners to bear that in mind in the early stage in planning transportation infrastructure, an appropriate level of pedestrian service must be established and provided across the roading hierarchy and path network. In addition, the research results include proposing design guidelines for different members of the community, older people, children, and disabled people. Scope of work and limitations: This research's main scope of implementation is the residential neighborhood Al-Falah in the City of Riyadh, yet the suggested strategies and design guidelines could be extended and applied to most cities of Saudi Arabia and beyond. Keywords: Quality of life, Public Space, Saudi Vision 2030, walkability, neighborhood design eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.3024

scholarly journals An examination of the prospective association between physical activity and academic achievement in youth at the population level

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253142
Author(s):  
Mia Papasideris ◽  
Scott T. Leatherdale ◽  
Kate Battista ◽  
Peter A. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines

Exercise has significant benefits for brain health and this may have downstream learning benefits for youth. However existing studies looking at links between physical activity and academic achievement are limited by relatively small sample sizes and/or cross-sectional designs. The objective of this study is to determine the direction and magnitude of the association between physical activity and academic achievement in a large prospective sample of adolescents. Linear mixed models with random intercepts and multinomial ordinal generalized estimating equations were employed to analyze the prospective relationship between measures of physical activity and academic achievement from the COMPASS study (N = 9,898 linked participant data cases from year 2 (2013–2014) to year 4 (2015–2016)). The linear relationships between minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity and academic achievement (English: r = -.047, p < .000; Math: r = -.026, p = .008) as well as meeting the national physical activity guidelines and academic achievement (English: est = -.052, p = .004; Math: est = -.052, p = .028) were negative and trivial in magnitude. Organized sport participation showed slight positive associations with academic achievement indices, but these were also of trivial magnitude. In conclusion, the relationship between physical activity and academic achievement was effectively null in this population sample. Advocacy for physical activity programming for adolescent populations may best be undertaken with reference to lack of net academic achievement cost, rather than presence of benefit, or simply with reference to the many other physical and mental health benefits for youth.

Barriers to Physical Activity in Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Langguth ◽  
Tanja Könen ◽  
Simone Matulis ◽  
Regina Steil ◽  
Caterina Gawrilow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Multidimensional Approach ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Tailored Interventions ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Age Range

During adolescence, physical activity (PA) decreases with potentially serious, long-term consequences for physical and mental health. Although barriers have been identified as an important PA correlate in adults, research on adolescents’ PA barriers is lacking. Thus reliable, valid scales to measure adolescents’ PA barriers are needed. We present two studies describing a broad range of PA barriers relevant to adolescents with a multidimensional approach. In Study 1, 124 adolescents (age range = 12 – 24 years) reported their most important PA barriers. Two independent coders categorized those barriers. The most frequent PA barriers were incorporated in a multidimensional questionnaire. In Study 2, 598 adolescents (age range = 13 – 21 years) completed this questionnaire and reported their current PA, intention, self-efficacy, and negative outcome expectations. Seven PA barrier dimensions (leisure activities, lack of motivation, screen-based sedentary behavior, depressed mood, physical health, school workload, and preconditions) were confirmed in factor analyses. A multidimensional approach to measuring PA barriers in adolescents is reliable and valid. The current studies provide the basis for developing individually tailored interventions to increase PA in adolescents.

Concerning the Concept of Light-Colour Arrangement of the Urban Environment in the Central Part of Tyumen

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Nikolay I. Shchepetkov ◽  
Svetlana B. Kapeleva ◽  
Denis V. Bugaev ◽  
Gregory S. Matovnikov ◽  
Anna S. Kostareva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
General Plan ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
The City

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of outdoor lighting in the central part of Tyumen (with consideration of conducted field observations) and prospects of its development on the basis of the general plan of illumination of the central part of the city being under design. Main provisions of this general plan as well as methodological principles and assessment criteria of design solutions illustrat-ed by photographs, schemes and visualisations of the illuminated objects are described.

Reconstruction Of Urban Parks Of Culture And Rest Of The Soviet Period

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Functional Zoning ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
The City

This article analyzes the main problems of urban public spaces, because today public spaces can determine the future of cities. It is noted that parks are multifunctional public spaces in the urban environment, as they are an important element of the citywide system of landscaping and recreation, perform health, cultural, educational, aesthetic and environmental functions. The article notes that the need for easily accessible and well-maintained urban parks remains, however, the state of parks in many cities of Russia remains unsatisfactory, requiring reconstruction. A brief historical background of the Park of Culture and Rest of the Soviet period in Omsk is expounded, the analysis of the existing territory of the Park is presented. It is revealed that the Park, being the largest public space in Omsk, does not meet the requirements of modern urbanism, although it represents a great potential for designing the space for the purpose of recreation of citizens. Performed functional zoning scheme of the territory of the Park in question, where its division into functional areas destined for active recreational users of the Park is presented, considered the interests of senior citizens, people with limited mobility, etc. Reconstruction of Parks of the Soviet period can provide the city with additional recreational opportunities, as well as increase its tourist attractiveness.

MURAL, KEKUATAN MODAL, DAN MASYARAKAT

DeKaVe ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Annasher
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Communication Media ◽  
Mural Painting ◽  
The People ◽  
The Media ◽  
Mural Art ◽  
The City ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Special Region

Broadly speaking, this paper discusses the phenomenon of murals that are now spread in Yogyakarta Special Region, especially the city of Yogyakarta. Mural painting is an art with a media wall that has the elements of communication, so the mural is also referred to as the art of visual communication. Media is a media wall closest to the community, because the distance between the media with the audience is not limited by anything, direct and open, so the mural is often used as media to convey ideas, the idea of ??community, also called the media the voice of the people. Location of mural art in situations of public spatial proved inviting the owners of capital to use such means, in this case is the mural. Manufacturers of various products began racing the race to put on this wall media, as time goes by without realizing the essence of the actual mural art was forced to turn to the commercial essence, the only benefit some parties only, the power of public spaces gradually occupied by the owners of capital, they hopes that the community can view the contents of messages and can obtain information for the products offered. it brings motivation and cognitive and affective simultaneously in the community.Keywords: Mural, Public Space, and Society.

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