210 A Longer Adaptation Period to a Functional Amino Acid-supplemented Diet Improves Growth Performance and Attenuates Acute-phase Response in Salmonella Typhimurium-challenged Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
Lucas Rodrigues ◽  
Michael O Wellington ◽  
J Caroline González-Vega ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
Andrew G Van Kessel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation

Abstract Functional amino acid supplementation during disease challenge enhances growth performance and immune status. The present study investigated the effect of duration of adaptation period to a functional amino acid (FAA)-supplemented diet on growth performance and immune status during a subsequent Salmonella challenge in pigs. Thirty-two mixed-sex weanling pigs (8 pigs/treatment; 11.6 ± 0.34 kg initial body weight) received either a basal diet without FAA supplementation throughout the experimental period (FAA-) or a diet containing a supplemented FAA profile (Thr, Met, and Trp at 120% of requirements) fed for either 0 (FAA+0), 1 (FAA+1) or 2 (FAA+2) wk pre- and 1 wk post-inoculation with Salmonella Typhimurium (ST). Pigs were orally inoculated with saline containing ST after the 2 wk pre-inoculation period and monitored for 1 wk post-inoculation. Pigs had ad libitum access to diets throughout the experiment. Performance parameters [average daily gain (ADG), feed intake, and gain:feed (GF)] were measured in the pre- and post-inoculation periods. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 4, and 7 post-inoculation for serum haptoglobin and albumin analysis. There was no effect of diet on pre-inoculation performance (P > 0.05). Post-inoculation, FAA+2 pigs had the highest ADG (0.46 kg/d) and GF (0.63 kg/kg), FAA- the lowest (0.21 kg/d; 0.29 kg/kg), with FAA+0 (0.33 kg/d; 0.46 kg/kg) and FAA+1 (0.40 kg/d; 0.53 kg/kg) being intermediate (ADG, P < 0.05, SEM=0.059; GF, P < 0.05, SEM=0.099). Overall, albumin was higher in FAA+2 (35.25 g/L) and FAA+1 (34.63 g/L) pigs compared to FAA+0 (30.38 g/L) and FAA- (29.67 g/L) pigs (P < 0.05, SEM=0.717). Furthermore, FAA+2 pigs had the lowest overall haptoglobin (0.90 g/L), FAA- the highest (1.54 g/L), with FAA+0 (1.32 g/L) and FAA+1 (1.06 g/L) being intermediate (P < 0.05, SEM=0.111). In conclusion, a longer adaptation period to FAA supplementation improved performance and attenuated the immune response of pigs when exposed to an enteric disease challenge.

A longer adaptation period to a functional amino acid-supplemented diet improves growth performance and immune status of Salmonella Typhimurium-challenged pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas A Rodrigues ◽  
Michael O Wellington ◽  
J Caroline González-Vega ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
Andrew G Van Kessel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Fecal Score

Abstract We recently showed that dietary supplementation with key functional amino acids (FAA) improves growth performance and immune status of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST)-challenged pigs. It is not known if ST-challenged pigs will benefit from a longer adaptation period to FAA. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different adaptation periods to diets containing FAA above requirements for growth on performance and immune response of weaned pigs subsequently challenged with ST. Thirty-two mixed-sex weanling pigs (11.6 ± 0.3 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments, being a basal amino acid (AA) profile fed throughout the experimental period (FAA-) or a functional AA profile (FAA+; Thr, Met, and Trp at 120% of requirements) fed only in the post-inoculation (FAA+0), for 1 wk pre- and post-inoculation (FAA+1), or throughout the experimental period (FAA+2). After a 14-d adaptation period, pigs were inoculated with ST (2.15 x 10 9 CFU/mL). Growth performance, body temperature, fecal score, acute-phase proteins, oxidant/antioxidant balance, score for ST shedding in feces and intestinal colonization, and fecal and digesta myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured pre- and post-inoculation. Post-inoculation body temperature and fecal score, serum haptoglobin, plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and fecal MPO were increased while serum albumin and plasma reduced glutathione (GSH):oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were reduced compared to pre-inoculation (P < 0.05). Average daily gain and G:F were greater in FAA+2 pigs compared to FAA- pigs (P < 0.05). Serum albumin was higher in FAA+2 and FAA+1 compared to FAA+0 and FAA- pigs (P < 0.05) while FAA+2 pigs had lower haptoglobin compared to FAA- (P < 0.05). Plasma SOD was increased and GSH:GSSG was decreased in FAA- pigs compared to the other treatments (P < 0.05). Score for ST shedding in feces was progressively lower from d 1 to 6 regardless of treatment (P < 0.05) and was lower in FAA+2 pigs compared to FAA- and FAA+0 (P < 0.05). Counts of ST in colon digesta were higher in FAA- and FAA+0 pigs compared to FAA+2 (P < 0.05). Fecal and colonic digesta MPO were lower in FAA+2 and FAA+1 pigs compared to FAA- (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate a positive effect of a longer adaptation period to FAA-supplemented diets on performance and immune status of weaned pigs challenged with Salmonella.

Rapid Communication: Ileal alkaline phosphatase is upregulated following functional amino acid supplementation in Salmonella Typhimurium-challenged pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas A Rodrigues ◽  
Michael O Wellington ◽  
J Caroline González-Vega ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
Andrew G Van Kessel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Plasma Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract We recently showed that functional amino acid (FAA) supplementation improves growth performance and immune status of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST)-challenged pigs which was further improved by a longer adaptation period. It is expected that the effects are associated with increased activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of FAA supplementation and adaptation period on the ileal, cecal, and colonic activity of IAP in weaned pigs challenged with ST. In Exp. 1, 32 mixed-sex weanling pigs were randomly assigned to dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with low (LP) or high protein (HP) content and basal (FAA–) or FAA profile (FAA+; Thr, Met, and Trp at 120% of requirements) as factors. In Exp. 2, a total of 32 mixed-sex weanling pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments, being FAA- fed throughout the experimental period (FAA−) or a FAA profile fed only in the post-inoculation (FAA+0), for 1 wk pre- and post-inoculation (FAA+1), or throughout the experimental period (FAA+2). In Exp. 1 and 2, after a 7- and 14-d adaptation period, respectively, pigs were inoculated with saline solution containing ST (3.3 and 2.2 × 10 9 CFU/mL, respectively). Plasma alkaline phosphatase was measured on d 0 and 7 post-inoculation in Exp. 1, and IAP (ileum, cecum, and colon) was measured in Exp. 1 and 2. Correlations among ileal IAP and serum albumin and haptoglobin, plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced:oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG), ileal myeloperoxidase (MPO), ST shedding and ileal colonization, and post-inoculation average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (ADFI), and gain:feed (G:F) were also analyzed. In Exp. 1, plasma alkaline phosphatase was decreased with ST inoculation and overall content was increased in LP-FAA+ compared to LP-FAA- (P < 0.05). Moreover, ileal IAP was increased in FAA+ compared to FAA- pigs in both studies (P < 0.05) regardless of adaptation time (P > 0.05). Intestinal alkaline phosphatase was positively correlated with MDA and ADFI and negatively correlated with SOD and ST shedding in Exp. 1 (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate a positive effect of FAA supplementation, but not adaptation period, on ileal alkaline phosphatase activity in Salmonella-challenged pigs, which may be associated with improvements in antioxidant balance.

scholarly journals 118 Functional amino acid supplementation, regardless of dietary protein content, improves growth performance, acute-phase response, and bacterial shedding in Salmonella-challenged pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 99-100
Author(s):  
Lucas Rodrigues ◽  
Michael O Wellington ◽  
Jack E Krone ◽  
Caroline González-Vega ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Protein Level

Abstract The present study investigated the interactive effect of functional amino acid (AA) supplementation and dietary protein level on growth performance and immune status in Salmonella-challenged pigs. Thirty-two growing pigs (8 pigs/treatment; 13.9 ± 0.82 kg initial body weight) had ad libitum access to 1 of 4 experiment diets in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with factors of dietary protein (LP: Low, 16% protein vs. High: HP, 20% protein) and 2 levels of functional AA supply (AA-: basal vs. AA+: Thr, Met, and Trp provided at 20% above requirement). After 7 d of adaptation, pigs were orally inoculated with saline containing Salmonella typhimurium (ST). Performance parameters [average daily gain (ADG), feed intake, and gain:feed (GF)] were measured in the pre- and post-inoculation periods. Blood samples were collected on d0, 4 and 7 post-inoculation for serum haptoglobin and albumin analysis. Shedding of ST (d1, 2, 4 and 6 post-inoculation) and quantification in digesta (ileum, cecum and colon; d7 post-inoculation) were analyzed. There was no effect of diet on pre-inoculation performance (P > 0.05). Pigs fed AA+ showed increased ADG (0.457 vs. 0.298 ± 0.051 kg/d; P < 0.05) and a trend for improved GF (0.67 vs. 0.40 ± 0.07 kg/kg; P < 0.10) post-inoculation compared to AA- regardless of dietary protein level. Feeding AA+ increased overall albumin levels (35.7 vs. 34.2 ± 0.9 g/L; P < 0.05) and decreased overall haptoglobin levels (1.64 vs. 1.81 ± 0.12 g/L; P < 0.05) and decreased overall shedding score of ST (2.27 vs. 2.51 ± 0.09; P < 0.05) compared to AA-. The ST counts in cecal digesta increased (2.78 vs. 2.23 ± 0.18 Log10 cfu/g; P < 0.05) in pigs fed HP compared to LP-fed pigs and ST counts in colon were reduced (2.08 ± 0.18 vs. 2.61 ± 0.19 Log10 cfu/g; P < 0.05) in AA+ compared to AA- pigs. Supplementation of diets with specific functional AA improved performance and health status of pigs when exposed to an enteric disease challenge.

216 Effect of Dietary L-valine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Microbial Metabolites in Weaned Pigs Raised in Varying Sanitary Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 113-114
Author(s):  
Bonjin Koo ◽  
Martin Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Abstract This study investigated the effects of dietary L-valine supplementation and sanitary conditions on growth performance, immune response, and microbial metabolites in weaned pigs. Thirty-two weaned pigs (6.98 ± 0.47 kg) were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement based on dietary Val level and sanitary condition (clean or unclean). The pigs were fed either a basal diet containing the standard levels of Val suggested by NRC (2012) or the basal diet with an additional 0.1% of L-Val. A room designated as the clean room was washed weekly, whereas the designated unclean room was not washed throughout the experiment and 5 kg of manure from the nursery pig barn was spread on the pen floors on day 1. All data were analyzed using a mixed procedure of SAS, with the individual pen as the experimental unit. The pigs raised in unsanitary conditions exhibited a lower average daily gain and average daily feed intake and a higher incidence of diarrhea than those raised in sanitary conditions during the 14-day experimental period (P < 0.05). The pigs in the unclean group also had a lower concentration of butyrate in the jejunum and a higher concentration of ammonia-N in the colon than those in the clean group (P < 0.05). Dietary valine supplementation reduced plasma interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1 receptor antagonist concentrations as well as isovalerate and ammonia-N concentrations in the colon (P < 0.05). Interactions between dietary Val supplementation and sanitary conditions were observed in the abundance of mRNA-encoding β-defensins 113, 125, and 129 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary Val supplementation beneficially modulates inflammatory response and microbial metabolites regardless of sanitary condition, while transcriptional levels of β-defensins are regulated by dietary Val supplementation in a manner dependent on housing hygiene conditions.

scholarly journals The Limiting Sequence and Appropriate Amino Acid Ratio of Lysine, Methionine, and Threonine for Seven- to Nine-Month-Old Holstein Heifers Fed Corn–Soybean M-Based Diet

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Yanliang Bi ◽  
Qiyu Diao ◽  
Minyu Piao ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Acid Ratio

An “Amino acid (AA) partial deletion method” was used in this experiment to study the limiting sequences and appropriate ratio of lysine (Lys), methionine (Met), and threonine (Thr) in the diets of 7- to 9-month-old Holstein heifers. The experiment was conducted for three months with 72 Holstein heifers (age = 22 ± 0.5 weeks old; BW = 200 ± 9.0 kg; mean ± standard deviation). Following an initial two weeks adaptation period, heifers were allocated to one of four treatments: a theoretically balanced amino acid diet (positive control [PC]; 1.00% Lys, 0.33% Met, and 0.72% Thr), a 30% Lys deleted diet (partially deleted Lys [PD–Lys]; 0.66% Lys, 0.33% Met, and 0.72% Thr), a 30% Met deleted diet (partially deleted Met, [PD–Met]; 1.00% Lys, 0.22% Met, and 0.72% Thr), and a 30% Thr deleted diet (partially deleted Thr [PD–Thr]; 1.00% Lys, 0.33% Met, and 0.45% Thr). Experimental animals were fed a corn–soybean meal-based concentrate and alfalfa hay. In addition, the animals were provided with supplemental Lys, Met, and Thr (ruminal bypass). The results found no differences in the growth performance and nitrogen retention between PD–Thr treatment and PC treatment (p > 0.05). The average daily gain (p = 0.0013) and feed conversion efficiency (p = 0.0057) of eight- to ninr-month-old heifers were lower in both PD–Lys and PD–Met treatment than those in PC treatment. According to growth performance, Lys was the first limiting AA, followed by Met and Thr. Moreover, nine-month-old Holstein heifers in PD–Lys treatment and PD–Met treatment had higher levels of serum urea nitrogen (p = 0.0021), urea nitrogen (p = 0.0011) and total excreted N (p = 0.0324) than those in PC treatment, which showed that nitrogen retention significantly decreased (p = 0.0048) as dietary Lys and Met levels decreased. The limiting sequence based on nitrogen retention was the same as that based on growth performance. The appropriate ratio of Lys, Met, and Thr in the diet based on nitrogen retention was 100:32:57. In summary, the limiting sequence and appropriate amino acid ratio of Lys, Met, and Thr for seven- to nine-month-old Holstein heifers fed a corn–soybean meal-based diet were Lys > Met > Thr and 100:32:57, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of Concentrate and Bypass Fat Supplementations on Growth Performance, Blood Profile, and Rearing Cost of Feedlot Buffaloes

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2105
Author(s):  
Amirul Faiz Mohd Azmi ◽  
Hafandi Ahmad ◽  
Norhariani Mohd Nor ◽  
Goh Yong Meng ◽  
Mohd Zamri Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Bypass Fat

This study investigates the effects of supplementation of the basal diet with concentrate and rumen bypass fat on the dry matter intake (DMI), growth performance, blood metabolites and hormonal changes, and the feeding cost of feedlot water buffaloes. Thirty-six healthy, three- to four-month-old male Murrah crossbred (n = 18) and Swamp (n = 18) buffaloes with a similar average initial body weight of 98.64 ± 1.93 kg were each randomly allocated into three dietary experimental groups. Buffaloes were fed with Diet A, which consisted of 100% Brachiaria decumbens, Diet B, consisting of 70% Brachiaria decumbens and 30% concentrate, and Diet C, consisting of 70% Brachiaria decumbens, 26% concentrate, and 4% rumen bypass fat for a period of 730 days. Feed intake was measured daily, while blood samples were collected for every eight months. Furthermore, body scores were noted prior to and at the end of the experimental period. The results showed that the average daily gain for buffaloes fed with Diet C was the highest. The DMI, BCS, FI, and FCR for the three groups showed significant (p < 0.05) differences, in the following order: Diet C > Diet B > Diet A. At the end of the two-year feeding trial, buffaloes fed with Diet B had significantly (p < 0.05) higher cholesterol levels than Diet A and Diet C. In addition, buffaloes fed with Diet C had significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of serum total protein, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-I hormone compared to Diet A and Diet B. On the other hand, buffaloes fed with Diet B and Diet C showed significant (p < 0.05) decrease in glucose levels. Supplemented diet improved the buffalos’ weight gain to achieve the market weight in a shorter period of time, thus, giving farmers a greater return. In conclusion, concentrate and bypass fat supplementations in the diet of water buffaloes improved the growth performance without adverse effect on the blood metabolites, which enabled better farmer profitability.

scholarly journals Effects of providing artificial shade to pregnant grazing beef heifers on vaginal temperature, growth, activity, and behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gleise M Silva ◽  
Lautaro R Cangiano ◽  
Thiago F. Fabris ◽  
Victoria R Merenda ◽  
Ricardo C Chebel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Shade Treatment ◽  
Growth Activity ◽  
Gps Devices ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Vaginal Temperature

Abstract This experiment evaluated the effects of providing artificial shade during summer on activity, behavior, and growth performance of pregnant grazing beef heifers. Thirty-six black-hided Angus and Angus crossbred pregnant heifers [418 ± 9 kg body weight (BW); approximately 90 d of gestation] were stratified by breed, blocked by BW, and allocated to 12 ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass pastures (Paspalum notatum Flüggé; 1.3 ha, n = 3 heifers/pasture) with or without access to artificial shade (SHADE vs. NO SHADE; 6 pastures each) for 7 wk during summer. The shade structures were composed of shade cloth (11 × 7.3 m length, 2.4 m height: 26.8 m 2 of shade per heifer). Shrunk BW was recorded on enrollment (d 0) and wk 7 (d 47), whereas full BW was obtained on wk 2 (d 14), 4 (d 28), and 6 (d 42) to assess average daily gain (ADG). Vaginal temperature was recorded for five consecutive days during wk 1, 3, 5, and 7 using an intravaginal digital thermo-logger, and individual GPS devices were used to quantify the use of shade for an 8-h period. Activity was monitored using automated monitoring devices (HR-LDn tags SCR Engineers Ltd., Netanya, Israel) through the experimental period. Vaginal temperature was lower (P &lt; 0.01) for heifers in the SHADE compared with heifers in the NO SHADE treatment from 1200 to 1600 h and 1100 to 1900 h for wk 1 and 3, respectively. Heifers in the SHADE treatment spent 70% of the 8-h period evaluated under the shaded structure. Provision of shade increased (P &lt; 0.01) daily lying time (11.4 ± 0.2 vs. 10.3 ± 0.2 h/d) and standing bouts per day (P &lt; 0.01; 12.6 ± 0.4 vs. 10.8 ± 0.4 bouts/d), whereas it reduced (P &lt; 0.01) standing bout duration (61.6 ± 3.0 vs. 82.9 ± 3.0 min/bout) relative to heifers without access to shade. The interaction between treatment and hour affected (P &lt; 0.01) daily rumination time because heifers with access to SHADE had greater rumination between 1000 and 1200 h. Although ADG tended (P = 0.08) to be greater for the heifers in the SHADE treatment (0.20 vs. -0.02 kg, respectively), the access to shade did not (P = 0.79) affect the final BW. In conclusion, providing artificial shade during summer to pregnant grazing beef heifers was effective in reducing vaginal temperatures and exerted changes in heifer behaviors that translated into slight improvements in growth performance.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Supplementation of gEGF on the Growth Performance and Immunity of Broilers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1394
Author(s):  
Jianyong Zhou ◽  
Jingyi Yao ◽  
Luhong Bai ◽  
Chuansong Sun ◽  
Jianjun Lu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Growth Of Animals

EGF has been shown to stimulate the growth of animals. In this study, the content of EGF in chicken embryos (gallus EGF, gEGF) aged from 1 to 20 days of incubation were determined by ELISA kit, and the 5-day-old chicken embryos with the highest content of 5593 pg/g were selected to make gEGF crude extracts. A total of 1500 1-day-old Xianju chickens were randomly divided into five groups with six replicates of 50 chickens each. The control group was fed a basal diet, and other treatment diets were supplemented with 4, 8, 16 and 32 ng/kg gEGF crude extract, respectively. The experiment lasted for 30 days. Chicks were harvested at the end of the experiment, and liver, spleen, thymus, bursa and serum samples were collected. Results showed that average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of 16 ng/kg group were higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The serum uric acid (UA) of the 16 ng/kg group was reduced (p < 0.01), and the serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) of the 16 ng/kg group increased (p < 0.01). The gEGF extract also increased chick’s antioxidant capacity, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased catalase (CAT) in the liver and serum of 16 ng/kg groups in compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, immunity was improved by the addition of gEGF to broiler diets. The serum immunoglobin A (IgA) content of 8 and 16 ng/kg groups and the serum immunoglobin M (IgM) content of 4 and 8 ng/kg groups were increased (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. The bursa index of each experimental group was higher than the control group (p < 0.01). These findings demonstrate that the crude extract of gEGF prepared in this experiment could improve the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immunity of broilers.

Impact of combined α-galactosidase and xylanase enzymes on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, chyme viscosity, and enzymes activity of broilers fed corn-soybean diets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingbo Liu ◽  
Kun Xing ◽  
Ran Ning ◽  
Sergi Carné ◽  
Xingqiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Digesta Viscosity ◽  
Nutrients Digestibility ◽  
Endogenous Enzymes

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of a combined α-galactosidase and xylanase preparation on nutrients digestibility and growth performance in broiler chickens. Experiment 1 had 240 broilers allocated to 3 treatments with the dietary supplementation of 0, 300 and 500 g/t of the enzyme combination. Diet and amino acid (AA) digestibility were assessed. Experiment 2 was a 2 × 3 (enzyme × diet) factorial arrangement with 10 replicates of 12 male broilers per replicate. Diets were based on corn-Soybean meal (SBM) diet and had 3 nutritional levels (normal, 2% apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and crude protein (CP) reduction, and 4% AME and CP reduction). Each of these diets was fed with or without enzyme supplementation. Growth performance, chyme viscosity, nutrients digestibility, and endogenous enzymes activity were assessed. In experiment 1, enzyme supplementation improved the digestibility of Ca (P = 0.025) and ileal digestibility of total AA, Pro, Alu, Ile, Lys, His, Thr, Glu, Val, Leu, Tyr and Phe (P &lt; 0.05), and also tended to increase the AME of diets (P &lt; 0.10). In experiment 2, broilers fed the corn-SBM diet with 4% nutrient reduction had better growth performance (P &lt; 0.05), jejunal digesta viscosity at 42 days (P &lt; 0.01), and lower digestibility of gross energy (GE) (P &lt; 0.05) when compared to those fed the normal nutrient diet. Enzyme inclusion increased digestibility of CP (P = 0.044), GE (P = 0.009), raffinose (P &lt; 0.001) and stachyose (P &lt; 0.001), improved average daily gain (P = 0.031), and reduced jejunal digesta viscosity at 42 days (P = 0.011). Besides, similar improvements trend in amylase, trypsin, sucrase, and maltase activity with enzyme inclusion were observed as with energy. These data support that the enzyme supplementation increased nutrients and ileal amino acid digestibility, improved performance and endogenous enzymes activity.

PSVI-14 Blend of Additives in Nursery Pig Diets as an Antibiotics Substitute Increases the Growth Performance and Intestinal Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 201-201
Author(s):  
Sudario Roberto Silva Junior ◽  
Rhuan F Chaves ◽  
Maíra Resende ◽  
Ygor Henrique De Paula ◽  
Kenio De Gouvêa Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence

Abstract Antibiotics growth promoting (AGP) in animal feed has been restricted. With this, several additives have been tested in order to replace AGP and ensure intestinal health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a blend of additives on growth performance, diarrhea incidence and cecal content microbiota of nursery pigs. A total of 576 weaned pigs (6.21 ± 1.16 kg) were assigned into 4 treatments (12 replicates) in randomized block design: basal diet without additives (NC); basal diet with 120 ppm of halquinol (PC); NC + 0,05% blend of lactic acid (3,5%), benzoic acid (2,5%), flavonoids (3,5%) (B5); NC+ 0,1% of same blend (B10). The pigs were weighed 0 and 42 days into the experiment. On day 10, one animal per pen (10 replicates) was euthanized for microbiota analyses. The diarrhea incidence was calculated by the percentage of visual pens with diarrhea, by day, in the period. The growth performance was analyzed by GLIMMIX procedure and the means were compared with Tukey test (P &lt; 0.050) (SAS, 2009). Diarrhea incidence was analyzed by GENMOD procedure (SAS, 2009). The Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare microbial biodiversity (P &lt; 0.050) by statistical program STAMP. The final weight (P = 0.010) and average daily gain (P = 0.001) of B10 and PC were higher than NC. Regarding diarrhea, it was observed that the B5 and B10 had lower incidence when compared to other groups in the total period. In the microbiome analyses, it was observed that the B5, B10, and PC groups had lower (P = 0.021) biodiversity when compared to the NC piglets. However, the B5 and B10 group had higher biodiversity when compared to the PC group. In conclusion, the supplementation with 0,1% blend of additives can be a substitute for AGP.

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