scholarly journals Incidence, aetiology, and enviromental risk factors of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization in China: a 3-year, prospective, age-stratified, multi-centre case-control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Qin ◽  
Haijian Zhou ◽  
Hongyu Ren ◽  
Jiantong Meng ◽  
Yinju Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Average Annual Incidence ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading infectious cause of hospitalisation and death worldwide. The knowledge about the incidence and aetiology of CAP in China was fragmented. Methods A multicenter study performed at four hospitals in four regions in China and clinical samples from CAP patients were collected and used for pathogen identification from July 2016 to June 2019. Results A total of 1,674 patients were enrolled and the average annual incidence of hospitalized CAP was 18.7 cases per 10,000 people (95% confidence interval 18.5–19.0). The most common viral and bacterial agents found in patients were respiratory syncytial virus (19.2%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (9.3%). The co-infections percentage was 13.8%. Pathogen distribution displayed variations within age groups, and seasonal and regional differences. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was not detected. Respiratory virus detection was significantly positively correlated with air pollutants, including PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2; and significantly negatively correlated with ambient temperature and O3 content; bacteria detection was opposite. Conclusion The hospitalized CAP incidence in China was higher than previously known. CAP etiology showed differences in age, seasons, regions, and respiratory viruses were detected at a higher rate than bacterial infection overall. Air pollutants and temperature have influence on the detection of pathogens.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the prevalence and seasonality of human parainfluenza virus over five year period in pediatric patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-265
Author(s):  
Meryem Colak ◽  
Selin Yigit ◽  
Anil Tapisiz ◽  
Hager Muftah ◽  
Kenan Yuce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: Human Parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) cause respiratory tract infections, and the second most common cause of acute respiratory illness-related hospitalizations after the respiratory syncytial virus in children <5 years of age. The aim of the study; determination of HPIVs positivity and common types in pediatric patients with respiratory tract infection; investigation the distribution of HPIV positivity by age groups, months and seasons, respectively. Material and Method: HPIV results of 1613 pediatric patients who were sent to the molecular virology laboratory from various pediatric clinics of Gazi Hospital between March 2016 and February 2021 (five years period) were investigated. Nucleic acid isolation was performed on the EZ1 Advanced (Qiagen, Germany) device using the EZ1 Virus Mini Kit by the manufacturer's protocol. Results: HPIV positivity was detected as 4.1% in clinical samples and, the most common HPIV type was found to be HPIV-3 (55%). The distribution of other HPIV types were; HPIV-2, HPIV-4 and HPIV-1 with 26%, 23% and 14%, respectively. HPIV-3 is the most common type in 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019; however, HPIV-1 is the most common type in 2020. HPIVs co-infection was detected with other respiratory tract viruses in 51% of samples. The highest HPIV co-infection was detected in Rhinovirus. The highest HPIV positivity rate (45%) were determined in the 0-2 age group compared to other age groups (p<0.05). The highest positivity rate was in October in the autumn season (p<0.05), the lowest was in January and February in winter. The highest rate (8.1%) of HPIV positivity was found in 2016 and the lowest rate (0.7%) was in 2020. Conclusions: Since it is not possible to diagnose viral etiology of respiratory tract infections based on clinical findings, viral respiratory tract panel and Multiplex real-time PCR test are a fast and useful method in early diagnosis, treatment decision and prevention of unnecessary antibiotic use. HPIVs positivity is seen at higher rates in children aged 0-2 and in autumn months with seasonal differences.

Respiratory Virus Detection Rate in Patients with Severe or Atypical Community-acquired Pneumonia

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Ji Won Park ◽  
Sun Young Jung ◽  
Hyuk Soo Eun ◽  
Shinhye Cheon ◽  
Seok Woo Seong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Rate ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia

scholarly journals Contemporary situation of community-acquired pneumonia in China: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-gang Zhu ◽  
Xiao-dan Tang ◽  
Yun-tao Lu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Jie-ming Qu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Contemporary Situation ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe prevalence and microbial pattern reported for Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) differ considerably and contemporary situation remains changing over time. We therefore searched both international and domestic databases for relevant references and pooled incidence of CAP and etiological distribution were estimated separately between children and adults groups. The results showed that CAP remained a major public health issue in China, with a relatively higher incidence than that reported in Western countries. Although pathogens were not detected in nearly half of patients, Mycoplasma pneumoniae remained to be the most frequently detected agent across age groups, the detection yield of which was lower than that reported from other countries. Notably, the incidence of influenza virus A in adults was almost four times higher than that in children while the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus was much less common in adults than that in children. Despite some limitations, the value of this review, approaching to systematically review grey published data, is to sketch out the contemporary epidemiological and etiological situation of CAP in our country, which could be useful to help policymakers and clinicians make informed choices and to inspire future studies and surveillance.

Correlation between Children Respiratory Virus Infections and Climate Factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souhir Saadi ◽  
Ouafa Kallala ◽  
Imene Fodha ◽  
Amira Jerbi ◽  
Meriem BenHamida-Rebai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Objective Respiratory viruses are the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in children. Meteorological factors can influence viral outbreaks. The objective of this study was to determine the association between climate variables and respiratory virus detection. Methods Multicenter prospective 1-year surveillance was conducted among children hospitalized for LRTI in Tunisia. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested by direct immunofluorescence assay (DIFA) for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); adenovirus (AdV); influenza virus (IFV) A and B; and parainfluenza virus 1, 2, and 3 (PIV1/2/3). Samples were further analyzed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for the detection of human metapneumovirus (hMPV). Monthly meteorological data were determined by consulting the National Institute of Meteorology and the World Weather Online Meteorological Company websites. Pearson's correlation tests were used to determine the statistical association between the detection of respiratory viruses and climatic characteristics. Results Among 572 patients, 243 (42.5%) were positive for at least one virus. The most frequently detected viruses by DIFA were RSV (30.0%), followed by IFVA (3.8%), IFVB (3.5%), PIV (0.9%), and AdV (0.9%). HMPV was detected in 13 RSV-negative samples (3.3%). Dual infections were detected in seven cases (1.2%). Monthly global respiratory viruses and RSV detections correlated significantly with temperature, rainfall, cloud cover, wind speed, wind temperature, and duration of sunshine. Monthly IFV detection significantly correlated with rainfall, wind speed, wind temperature, and duration of sunshine. HMPV detection significantly correlated with temperature and wind temperature. Conclusion Respiratory viral outbreaks are clearly related to meteorological factors in Tunisia.

scholarly journals Etiology and Clinical Characteristics of Single and Multiple Respiratory Virus Infections Diagnosed in Croatian Children in Two Respiratory Seasons

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunčanica Ljubin-Sternak ◽  
Tatjana Marijan ◽  
Irena Ivković-Jureković ◽  
Jasna Čepin-Bogović ◽  
Alenka Gagro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Multiple Virus ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections

The aim of this study was to determine the causative agent of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in hospitalized children, as well as investigate the characteristics of ARIs with single and multiple virus detection in two respiratory seasons. In 2010 and 2015, nasopharyngeal and pharyngeal swabs from a total of 134 children, admitted to the hospital due to ARI, were tested using multiplex PCR. Viral etiology was established in 81.3% of the patients. Coinfection with two viruses was diagnosed in 27.6% of the patients, and concurrent detection of three or more viruses was diagnosed in 12.8% of the patients. The most commonly diagnosed virus in both seasons combined was respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (28.6%), followed by parainfluenza viruses (PIVs) types 1–3 (18.4%), rhinovirus (HRV) (14.3%), human metapneumovirus (10.1%), adenovirus (AdV) (7.1%), influenza viruses types A and B (4.8%), and coronaviruses (4.2%). In 2015, additional pathogens were investigated with the following detection rate: enterovirus (13.2%), bocavirus (HBoV) (10.5%), PIV-4 (2.6%), and parechovirus (1.3%). There were no statistical differences between single and multiple virus infection regarding patients age, localization of infection, and severity of disease(P>0.05). AdV, HRV, HBoV, and PIVs were significantly more often detected in multiple virus infections compared to the other respiratory viruses(P<0.001).

scholarly journals The Spread of RS-virus Infection and other ARVI not Influenza Etiology in Children and Adults in the Regions of Russia from 2014 to 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Karpova ◽  
E. A. Smorodintseva ◽  
T. J. Sysoeva ◽  
T. P. Stolyarova ◽  
N. M. Popovtseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Average Annual Incidence ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Relevance.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading viral cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children in whom this virus is the cause of the primary  infection. Goal. The aim of the study is to study the spread of diseases with MS infection in federal districts of RussiaMaterials and methods.The Federal Influenza Center collects and automates the processing of weekly information from 24 cities on the number of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections in  the total and diagnosed cases (according to polymerase chain  reaction) of influenza, RS virus and other acute respiratory viral  infections in children (0-2, 6, 7-14 years) and adults (15 years and  older).Results.The average annual incidence of influenza and ARVI, RS virus and Rhino-viral infections, Paragripp and Adenovirus, Boca, Meta and coronas-viral infections in total and in age groups is  shown. The structure of the total incidence of influenza and ARVI in  the population is presented. An increase in the proportion of acute  respiratory viral infections not influenza etiology with a decrease in  age, especially, in children 0–2 years old (up to 16.2%) is shown.Conclusions. Differences in the total incidence of influenza and ARVI and RS infections by age groups, in districts and cities, and in  different years have been revealed The earlier onset of incidence of  RS infection and the onset of the peak in Khabarovsk and Chita are  revealed earlier than in Yekaterinburg and St. Petersburg in all 3 observation seasons.

Respiratory syncytial virus detection in cells and clinical samples by using three new monoclonal antibodies

2013 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 1256-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto S. Gómez ◽  
Jorge E. Mora ◽  
Claudia M. Cortés ◽  
Claudia A. Riedel ◽  
Marcela Ferrés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
In Cells

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Mortality Predictors for Severe Childhood Community-acquired Pneumonia in ICUs: A Case-control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
lu cao ◽  
zhuo li ◽  
zhaohua ji ◽  
yan zuo ◽  
jingwen wang
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Mortality Predictors ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: To identify the epidemiology and mortality predictors for severe childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and evaluate the influence of medications on clinical outcome in the real world.Methods: We performed a retrospective case-control study among children with severe CAP aged ≤5 years of age, separately comparing the detailed information between the in-hospital death cases and the survival cases in two different age groups. Multivariate regression model was used to figure out mortality predictors.Results: 945 children were recruited, including 604 infants and 341 young children. Overall 88 deaths occurred (9.3%). There was low adherence to guidelines in antimicrobials and carbapenems were widely served as initial empiric regimens, but the efficacy was not superior to the guidelines recommended. In multivariate analyses, very severe pneumonia (OR: 3.55; 95% CI: 1.39-9.09), lower birth weight (OR: 3.92; 95% CI: 1.50-10.23), severe underweight (OR: 4.72; 95% CI: 1.92-11.62), mechanical ventilation (OR: 5.06; 95% CI: 1.97-12.95；OR：14.43; 95% CI 3.31-62.96)，comorbidity including anemia (OR: 5.61; 95% CI: 2.36-13.35), neonatal asphyxia (OR: 6.03; 95% CI: 1.57-23.12), gastrointestinal hemorrhage (OR: 3.73; 95% CI: 1.21-11.48) and sedative-hypnotics ( OR: 4.32; 95% CI: 1.76-10.61; OR: 4.13; 95% CI：1.50-11.38) were independent risk factors for death, whereas a lower mortality was present in infants with probiotics (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.10-0.54).Conclusions: Severe pneumonia remains a primary cause of death in children under 5 years of age. Clinical characteristics, comorbidity and medications are evidently associated with death. Importantly, we should pay particular attention to the identification of the mortality predictors and establish prophylactic measures to reduce the mortality.

scholarly journals Dual respiratory virus detection in adult patients with acute respiratory illness

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Mi Lee ◽  
Tark Kim ◽  
Ki-Ho Park ◽  
Seong-Ho Choi ◽  
Yee Gyung Kwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Random Occurrence ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background Nonrandom multiple respiratory virus (RV) detection provides evidence for viral interference among respiratory viruses. However, little is known as to whether it occurs randomly. Methods The prevalence of dual RV detection (DRVD) in patients with acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) at 4 academic medical centers was investigated; data about the prevalence of 8 RVs were collected from the Korean national RV surveillance dataset. Linear regression analysis was performed to assess the correlation between observed and estimated prevalence of each type of DRVD. Results In total, 108 patients with ARIs showing DRVD were included in this study between 2011 and 2017. In several types of regression analysis, a strong correlation was observed between the observed and estimated prevalence of each type of DRVD. Excluding three DRVD types (influenza/picornavirus, influenza/human metapneumovirus, and adenovirus/respiratory syncytial virus), the slope of the regression line was higher than that of the line of random occurrence (1.231 > 1.000) and the 95% confidence interval of the regression line was located above the line of random occurrence. Conclusions Contrary to the results of previous epidemiologic studies, most types of DRVD occur more frequently than expected from the prevalence rates of individual RV, except for three underrepresented pairs above.

scholarly journals Verification of a Novel Multiplex PCR Respiratory Virus Panel in a US Biocontainment Unit

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S7-S7
Author(s):  
Christina L Dean ◽  
Emily Alvey ◽  
Crystal Evans ◽  
Charles Hill ◽  
Eileen Burd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Emerging infectious diseases carry unique logistical, financial, and clinical ramifications. Rapid diagnostic testing methods can alleviate some of these challenges by providing definitive diagnoses earlier in the clinical course, leading to appropriate targeted therapy, cost savings, and improved patient outcomes. The BioFire FilmArray Respiratory Panel 2 plus (RP2plus; bioMérieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France) is a multiplexed nucleic acid test for detection of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and 14 common viral and 4 bacterial respiratory pathogens in nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from those meeting MERS-CoV epidemiological criteria. The aim of this study was to verify the FilmArray RP2plus for use in our biocontainment unit. Of note, the RP2plus is FDA approved but not currently available for sale in the United States. Eight patient samples were tested with known results (GenMark Respiratory Virus Panel [RVP] or Cepheid Xpert Flu/RSV). We had concordant results between the platforms for samples containing influenza A, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus 2, rhinovirus, and a negative sample. We evaluated two influenza B samples from two different patients. The FilmArray RP2plus did not detect influenza B in one of the patient samples. The sample was exhausted and repeat testing could not be performed. A second rhinovirus sample was not detected by the RP2plus, but Coronavirus 229E was detected in this sample, a virus not detected by the RVP. The sample was repeated and again did not detect rhinovirus. Further investigation into this discrepancy revealed that rhinovirus was originally detected by RVP at a signal of 34.4 nA (repeat of 46.9 nA). The concordant rhinovirus sample had a signal of 226.7 nA by RVP, which was much higher than the discrepant sample. Because of the low signal by RVP in the discrepant sample, perhaps the viral load was below the limit of detection of the RP2plus. All other quality control sample pools passed verification testing, including day-to-day and operator variance. It is not uncommon for a person under investigation (PUI) for a highly communicable disease to be evaluated in our facility. The performance of the RP2plus test on clinical samples showed acceptable concordance with our current means of testing for respiratory pathogens. The RP2plus will eliminate challenges implicated in storing and transporting specimens to an off-site lab, facilitate quicker turnaround time, and streamline the often cumbersome, complex protocols and practices required to work up a serious communicable disease.

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