726 Relationships Between Sleep and Psychological Adjustment During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract Introduction Disruption of daily routines (employment, social interaction, health behaviors) during the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to psychological distress (worry, rumination), likely impacting sleep-related behaviors. This study evaluated change in psychological adjustment and insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The sample included 192 adults from Utah who completed three data collection cycles across 9 consecutive months to assess self-reported depressive, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed via the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8). Insomnia was measured by the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Data were analyzed using mixed-effect modeling and adjusted for anxiety and depression to determine their independent effects on insomnia symptoms. Spaghetti plots examined mean changes over time and significance was set at p<0.05. Average anxiety, depression, and insomnia severity scores were aggregated for each month. Results As participants’ symptoms of anxiety and depression increased in severity, insomnia symptoms increased similarly. Over half of participants reported clinically significant ISI scores (59.38%). In both the random intercept and random slope models, there were significant independent effects of anxiety on insomnia severity (F=20.69; p<0.0001) and significant effects of depression on insomnia severity (F=87.44, p<0.0001). While the change in insomnia severity over time was on the boundary of statistical significance (F=3.54; p=0.0618), dropping from 15.17 (April) to 12.58 (December), our longitudinal analyses revealed no significant difference for the effect of anxiety or depression in predicting insomnia severity over time. Participants’ monthly averages varied for sleep and psychological scores (ISI) from 12.58 to 16.07 (SD=3.76 to 6.34 for December and September, respectively), (GAD-7) from 3.47 to 6.39 (SD=3.36 to 5.26 for December and June, respectively), and (PHQ-8) 4.47 to 6.10 (SD=4.65 to 4.39 for December and June, respectively). Conclusion Results demonstrate high prevalence of insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and underscore the importance of examining mental health functioning and psychological resiliency on sleep in order to enhance prevention efforts in response to a significant stressor. Support (if any):

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Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Abdominal Bloating

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674379303800703 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 38 (7) ◽

pp. 475-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Ji-Yung Song ◽

Harold Merskey ◽

Stephen Sullivan ◽

Sam Noh

Keyword(s):

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Crohn's Disease ◽

Sex Education ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Childhood Experience ◽

Personality Variables ◽

Abdominal Bloating ◽

Significant Difference

Eighteen patients with a syndrome of abdominal bloating and discomfort were examined to explore the relationship between their symptoms and their emotional problems. They were compared with 33 patients with Crohn's disease and 38 normal, healthy volunteers. Using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, patients with bloating were found to resemble patients with Crohn's disease. Both groups showed increased anxiety and depression. After controlling for age, sex, education, occupation, personality variables and childhood experience, there was a trend towards more anxiety in the bloating group compared with normal subjects and a significant difference for depression. These characteristics appear to be related to the effects of the illness or to selection, but not to personality or childhood experience. Although psychiatric problems are common among patients with abdominal bloating and pain who stay in touch with a clinic, they are not the primary cause of the disorder.

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No Differences in HADS Scores Between Acutely Concussed and Healthy Collegiate Student-Athletes

Neurology ◽

10.1212/01.wnl.0000580940.91788.dc ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 93 (14 Supplement 1) ◽

pp. S12.1-S12

Author(s):

Corey Lanois ◽

Francis Wang ◽

Brant Berkstresser ◽

Jessie Oldham ◽

William Meehan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Student Athletes ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Collegiate Athletes ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Post Injury ◽

Depression Subscale ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Prolonged Recovery ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Concussion Recovery

ObjectiveTo investigate differences in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores between acutely concussed collegiate student-athletes and healthy, matched group of collegiate athletes.BackgroundMood disturbances have been documented acutely following concussion. The presence of anxiety and/or depression may complicate and prolong concussion recovery among some athletes. Therefore, it is important to examine acute post-injury anxiety and depression to facilitate proper management decisions.Design/MethodsTwenty-six student-athletes (54% female, 19.92 ± 5.56 years of age) with a diagnosed concussion completed the HADS questionnaire within a week of injury. Twenty-six healthy student-athletes (54% female, 18.82 ± 0.54 years of age) completed the HADS during pre-season baseline testing, individually matched by sex and sport. Independent samples t-tests were used to explore differences in HADS scores between groups.ResultsThere was no significant difference (p = 0.50) between total HADS scores of the concussion group (6.77 ± 6.17) and healthy cohort (5.81 ± 3.85). There were also no significant differences between concussion and uninjured groups on the HADS Anxiety subscale (4.38 ± 4.24 vs. 4.50 ± 2.83; p = 0.91) or HADS Depression subscale (2.38 ± 2.82 vs. 1.31 ± 1.67; p = 0.10).ConclusionsHADS scores obtained among collegiate student athletes acutely following concussion did not significantly differ relative to matched healthy control participants. It is possible that one week post-injury was not enough time to observe measurable effects of anxiety or depression, as those are commonly seen in cases of prolonged recovery.

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Is there a difference in prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among patients with different stages of hypertension?

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.358 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S414-S414 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Mermerelis ◽

S.M. Kyvelou ◽

V. Akke ◽

C. Papageorgiou ◽

C. Stefanadis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depression Scale ◽

Group Iv ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group Ii

IntroductionWhether anxiety and depression are associated with hypertension and to what extent is not clear.AimsThe aim of the present study was to assess any differences in the prevalence of anxiety and depression among different groups of hypertensive patients.MethodsThe study cohort comprised of 127 patients (75 male, mean age 54 ± 14) who underwent assessment of their blood pressure levels and were divided in four groups: group I (normotensives, n = 34), group II (stage 1 HTN, n = 33), group III (stage 2 HTN, n = 30) and group IV (stage 3 HTN, n = 30). The evaluation of anxiety disorder was made by means of Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), while the evaluation of depression was made with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Statistical analysis was done with SPSS for windows. P-value was set at 0.05 for differences to be considered significant.ResultsComparing the four groups of patients there was a significant difference both in BDI (8.6 ± 7.0 vs. 11.6 ± 10.4 vs. 27.1 ± 5.8 vs. 32.4 ± 3.9, P < 0.0001) and HADS (10.2 ± 7.2 vs. 9.7 ± 7.0 vs. 16 ± 4.7 vs. 27 ± 5.1, P < 0.0001). We proceeded to comparison among the 4 groups and there was a significant rise in the BDI and HADS in three of the four groups group II > group III > group IV, P < 0.0001.ConclusionThese data suggest that there is a clear burden of anxiety and depression as the levels of BP increase. This finding is of important clinical significance as it could contribute to a different approach of hypertensive patients. A larger cohort study could enlightened the mechanisms involved.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Stress in first-year Egyptian and Saudi female medical students: a cross cultural comparison

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73287-4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 1583-1583

Author(s):

M. Amr ◽

A.-H. El-Gilany ◽

M. El-Wasify

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Western Europe ◽

Arab World ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

First Year ◽

Saudi Students ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Level

IntroductionCollege students, especially freshmen, are particularly prone to stress due to the transitional nature of college life. However most of studies in this context were conducted in Western Europe and North America with only few recent studies conducted in the Arab world. This study sought to determine whether there was a difference in perceived stress levels of female medical students at Mansoura University, Egypt, and King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.MethodsThe sample consisted of first year female medical students. The self-reported questionnaire covered four categories, including 13 items, of sources of stress (stressors).Perceived stress scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used to measure stress, anxiety and depression.ResultsThere is no significant difference between the two groups regarding number of stressors. However, Saudi students were more likely to cite emotional problems, excessive workload and fear of future. The most common items in Egyptian students were financial and environmental problems. Prevalence of stress and clinical anxiety was higher in the Saudi sample. Logistic regression analyses of independent predictors of high level of stress among both groups combined were Saudi nationality, larger family size, clinical depression and clinical anxiety.ConclusionsPerceived stress and anxiety are frequent among Saudi students. This information could be useful in designing preventive mental health programs that should be an integral part of the routine clinical facilities caring for medical students to help them to cope with the increasing demands of medical education.

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Longitudinal study of hope, meaning/peace (M/P), and quality of life (QOL) in patients (pts) with ovarian cancer (OC).

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.9134 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 9134-9134

Author(s):

Lois M. Ramondetta ◽

Diana Urbauer ◽

Donna S. Zhukovsky ◽

Michael W. Bevers ◽

Jubilee Brown ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internal Control ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Disease Status ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Cancer Center ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Herth Hope Index ◽

Index Hospital ◽

Over Time

9134 Background: M/P may be the most valued end point of life. How hope, faith, physical and psychological factors impact M/P is unknown. We evaluated factors affecting M/P in pts with OC. Methods: OC pts at a cancer center (CC), academic hospital (AH) and county hospital (CH for primarily uninsured) participated. Surveys completed at initiation of chemotherapy (CTX); completion of CTX; and 1 yr later. Surveys included FACT-O, -SP, Herth Hope Index, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), ESAS, and Locus of Control (LOC). Results: N=115. Median age=55 yrs, married 64%, Christian 96%. CH had more AA/Hispanics pts (p=.001) and unmarried pts (p=.001). QOL and symptoms improved for all sites over time (p =.03); CH pts had the worst scores (p= <.001). CC pts expressed more hope, less anxiety and depression (A/D) compared to CH and AC pts for all time points (p=.03). CH pts had higher and increasing A/D over time while CC pts had the least (p=.02). LOC scores differed by site (p=.01). CH pts held strongest belief that life was controlled by chance and “others”; CC pts had the least. There was no association between site/time for belief of internal control over one’s life. CH pts consistently had the lowest M/P scores (p=004). Adjusting for site, disease status and time, higher M/P associated with higher hope, better QOL, symptoms and faith (p= <.0001). Lower M/P associated with increased A/D (p=.003) and symptoms (p<.0001). Poorer M/P over time correlated with belief that life was controlled by chance (p=.01) and "powerful others"(p=.02). Level of M/P did not correlate with belief of internal control over one’s life. Conclusions: M/P did not change over time. CC pts had highest M/P. Higher M/P associated with higher hope and faith, better QOL, less symptoms and A/D. Lower M/P associated with sense that life is controlled by chance and powerful others. Data show medically underserved pts have poorer QOL, more symptoms and A/D and may believe the future is determined by luck/chance and by “others”. Triaging for spiritual crisis may be important in these pts. Interventions to decrease A/D and symptoms may improve pts’ sense of M/P over the cancer journey.

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Cognitive Impairment after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Clinical Course and Impact on Outcome: A Swedish-Icelandic Study

Behavioural Neurology ◽

10.1155/2015/680308 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Maud Stenberg ◽

Alison K. Godbolt ◽

Catharina Nygren De Boussard ◽

Richard Levi ◽

Britt-Marie Stålnacke

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Hospital Anxiety ◽

Early Screening ◽

Multicenter Observational Study ◽

Severe Tbi ◽

Prospective Multicenter Observational Study ◽

Over Time

Objective. To assess the clinical course of cognitive and emotional impairments in patients with severe TBI (sTBI) from 3 weeks to 1 year after trauma and to study associations with outcomes at 1 year.Methods. Prospective, multicenter, observational study of sTBI in Sweden and Iceland. Patients aged 18–65 years with acute Glasgow Coma Scale 3–8 were assessed with the Barrow Neurological Institute Screen for Higher Cerebral Functions (BNIS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Outcome measures were Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) and Rancho Los Amigos Cognitive Scale-Revised (RLAS-R).Results. Cognition was assessed with the BNIS assessed for 42 patients out of 100 at 3 weeks, 75 patients at 3 months, and 78 patients at 1 year. Cognition improved over time, especially from 3 weeks to 3 months. The BNIS subscales “orientation” and “visuospatial and visual problem solving” were associated with the GOSE and RLAS-R at 1 year.Conclusion. Cognition seemed to improve over time after sTBI and appeared to be rather stable from 3 months to 1 year. Since cognitive function was associated with outcomes, these results indicate that early screening of cognitive function could be of importance for rehabilitation planning in a clinical setting.

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Correlates of insomnia in patients with social phobia: Role of depression and anxiety

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71882-x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 171-171

Author(s):

T. Raffray ◽

A. Pelissolo

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Social Phobia ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Small Samples ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Treatment Seeking ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Insomnia Severity

IntroductionMost of the literature examining sleep in anxiety disorders has focused on post-traumatic stress disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Few studies have examined sleep disturbances in social phobia. Yet, social phobia has a lifetime prevalence of 12%. Previous studies assessed sleep disturbances in small samples of individuals with social phobia. Most studies reported bivariate analysis, the only multivariate analysis being in non treatment-seeking individuals.ObjectivesTo assess insomnia severity in a population of treatment-seeking patients with social phobia and investigate correlations between insomnia, depression, general anxiety, and social anxiety.AimsTo demonstrate that positive associations exist between anxiety, depression, and insomnia in patients with social phobia, depression contributing the most to insomnia severity.MethodsOne hundred and seventy-nine treatment-seeking individuals with a DSM-IV diagnosis of social phobia completed the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD-A and HAD-D) and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS).ResultsTwo-thirds of our sample had insomnia. Depression, anxiety, social anxiety, and insomnia were positively correlated. Sex, HAD-A and LSAS significantly contributed in explaining the ISI total score after accounting for age, medication use, and depression, whereas HAD-D was not a significant contributor. The model explained 33.5% of the overall variance.ConclusionAssessing sleep quality and quantity, and understanding the interactions between insomnia, anxiety and depression, is needed to improve treatment in patients with social phobia and could allow adapting cognitive and behavioral therapy for insomnia programs to social anxiety.

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The Effect of Education Given to the Caregivers of Patients with Stroke on Anxiety and Depression: An Example from Eastern Turkey

International Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.33140/ijp/03/02/00001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Stroke Patient ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Care Givers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Neurology Clinic ◽

The Individual ◽

And Control

Background: As one of the chronic conditions, stroke brings about important problems for the individual, their family and the society. Aim: This research was made in order to determine the effect of training given to stroke patient caregivers on their anxiety and depression levels. Methods: This experimental research with pretest-posttest control group was conducted in Neurology Clinic between July 2011 and July 2012. The experiment group of the research consisted of 31 stroke patient lying for the first time in the clinic and control group consisted of 33 stroke patients who lied in the clinic before and also care givers. The pretest data was collected by the patient and care giver introduction form prepared by the researchers starting from the week the patient was accepted to the clinic, Barthel Index and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Posttest data was collected by using all scales after discharge of patient (except introduction form). In the evaluation of the data percentage, average, chi-square was used and also t test was used in independent groups. Results: According to research results a significant difference could not be found between anxiety and depression points of experiment and control groups before training (p>0.05). In the evaluation made after the training it was determined that the anxiety and depression points of the caregivers decreased and the decreases were significant (p<0.001). Conclusions: As a result it was determined that the training given to care givers in the experiment group decreased their anxiety and depression levels. We can recommend that nurses participate in educations on the care of patients with stroke, provide education to caregivers and arrange workshops to increase their awareness on this issue.

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Interpreting softmax predictions of sleep stage classification models

10.36227/techrxiv.16722403 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Iris Huijben ◽

Lieke WA Hermans ◽

Allessandro C Rossi ◽

Sebastiaan Overeem ◽

Merel M van Gilst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Stage ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Severity Index ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Hospital Anxiety ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Stage Classification ◽

Sleep Stage Classification ◽

Somatic Disorders ◽

Insomnia Severity

<div>We used a dataset of nocturnal PSG recordings, collected as part of the Healthbed study, which main aim was development of technologies for sleep analyses. The dataset includes one clinical video-PSG recording for each subject, made according to the AASM recommendations in Sleep Medicine Center Kempenhaeghe Heeze, the Netherlands. The study included 96 (60 females) healthy subjects, with an age between 18 and 64. The exclusion criteria were: 1) any diagnosed sleep disorder, 2) a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index >= 6, or Insomnia Severity Index > 7, 3) indication of depression or anxiety disorder measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (score > 8), 4) pregnancy, shift work, use of any medication except for birth control medicine, and 5) presence of clinically relevant neurological or psychiatric disorders or other somatic disorders that could influence sleep.</div>

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Reducing Depression, Anxiety, and Fatigue Level in Cervical Cancer through Physical Exercise Intervention

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.6335 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (T3) ◽

pp. 280-284

Author(s):

Fatwa Imelda ◽

Heru Santosa ◽

Sarma Nursani L. Raja ◽

Namora Lumongga Lubis

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Depression Level

Background: To identify the effect of physical exercise on depression, anxiety, and fatigue in cervical cancer patients. Methods: A quasi-experimental study ith a pretest-posttest with control group design was used. 30 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. The data were gathered by a focus group discussion. The Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS) was used to measure fatigue levels. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used to measure anxiety and depression level. Paired t-test was used for data analysis. Results: There was a significant difference between depression level after physical exercise with t=3.552 (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between anxiety level after physical exercise with t=11.297 (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between fatigue level after physical exercise with t=17.457 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Physical exercise reduces anxiety, depression, and fatigue in patients with cervical cancer that will improve the quality of life of patients.

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