scholarly journals Distinguishing between the impacts of heat and drought stress on the root microbiome of Sorghum bicolor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Wipf ◽  
Thảo-Nguyên Bùi ◽  
Devin Coleman-Derr
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Watering Treatment ◽  
Microbiome Assembly

Water deficit and extreme temperatures regularly and considerably reduce crop productivity. While several studies have explored the role of the plant microbiome in drought tolerance, it remains to be determined how the often co-occurring factor of heat conjunctly shapes plant-microbe interactions. In order to compare the roles temperature and drought stress play in plant microbial recruitment, we conducted a growth chamber experiment with a series of temperatures (22°C, 30°C, and 38°C) and watering (drought versus watered) conditions in Sorghum bicolor, sampling soil mixtures and seedling roots at 7 and 21 days post initial stress initiation. We found that bacterial root communities had the lowest alpha diversity when under drought and at 38°C, and that temperature influenced the beta diversity of soil mixture and root microbiomes to a greater extent than watering treatment. Additionally, we observed that the relative abundances of Actinobacteria increased both under drought and incrementally with higher temperatures. Further, unique Actinobacteria were indicator species of either temperature or watered conditions and were one of the top phyla whose indicators are predominantly of high temperatures in watered conditions. Together, these data suggest that heat and drought stress differentially impact microbiome assembly in significant ways and unique Actinobacteria may be recruited under either stress. This work informs our understandings of how abiotic stresses shape crop microbiomes, as well as highlights the need for additional work to describe what mechanisms may be involved in host-mediated microbial recruitment and adaptation under various stresses in field-based studies.

scholarly journals Secondary Metabolites Produced by Macrophomina phaseolina Isolated from Eucalyptus globulus

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Michela Salvatore ◽  
Carina Félix ◽  
Fernanda Lima ◽  
Vanessa Ferreira ◽  
Daniele Naviglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Metabolites Production ◽  
First Time

In the course of investigations on the role of secondary metabolites in plant-microbe interactions, the production of secondary metabolites by Macrophomina phaseolina isolates from Eucalyptus globulus, was studied. This fungus is responsible for several plant diseases which affect crop productivity and industry. Although secondary metabolites may play a role in disease development, there are very few reports on M. phaseolina metabolomics and, as far as we know, isolates from eucalypts have not been investigated for secondary metabolites production. In the present paper, metabolites typical of fungi, from the family Botryosphaeriaceae, were identified for the first time as products of M. phaseolina. Furthermore, the isolate under examination was grown in the presence and absence of host stem tissue, and metabolite profiles were compared. Five products are reported for the first time in this species and azelaic acid was exclusively produced in the presence of eucalypt stem. Finally, phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity tests of culture filtrates and crude organic extracts were also performed. Key Contribution: Lipophilic metabolites produced by M. phaseolina might play a role in the plant-fungus interactions responsible for serious diseases of E. globulus.

scholarly journals Multi-kingdom quantitation reveals distinct ecological drivers of predictable early-life microbiome assembly

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitong Rao ◽  
Katharine Z. Coyte ◽  
Wayne Bainter ◽  
Raif S. Geha ◽  
Camilia R. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Ecological Modelling ◽  
Individual Factor ◽  
Complex Ecosystem ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Microbiome Assembly

The infant gut microbiota develops remarkably predictably1–7, with pioneer species colonizing after birth, followed by an ordered succession of other microbes. This predictable assembly is vital to health8,9, yet the forces underlying it remain unknown. The environment, host and microbe-microbe interactions are all likely to shape microbiota dynamics, but in such a complex ecosystem identifying the specific role of any individual factor has remained a major challenge10–14. Here we use multi-kingdom absolute abundance quantitation, ecological modelling, and experimental validation to overcome this challenge. We quantify the absolute bacterial, fungal, and archaeal dynamics in a longitudinal cohort of 178 preterm infants. We uncover with exquisite precision microbial blooms and extinctions, and reveal an inverse correlation between bacterial and fungal loads the infant gut. We infer computationally then demonstrate experimentally in vitro and in vivo that predictable assembly dynamics are driven by directed, context-dependent interactions between microbes. Mirroring the dynamics of macroscopic ecosystems15–17, a late-arriving member,Klebsiella, exploits the pioneer,Staphylococcus, to gain a foothold within the gut. Remarkably, we find that interactions between kingdoms drive assembly, with a single fungal species,Candida albicans, inhibiting multiple dominant gut bacteria. Our work unveils the centrality of simple microbe-microbe interactions in shaping host-associated microbiota, a critical step towards targeted microbiota engineering.

scholarly journals The Critical Role of Zinc in Plants Facing the Drought Stress

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umair Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Aamer ◽  
Muhammad Umer Chattha ◽  
Tang Haiying ◽  
Babar Shahzad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Crop Resistance

Drought stress affects plant growth and development by altering physiological and biochemical processes resulting in reduced crop productivity. Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient that plays fundamental roles in crop resistance against the drought stress by regulating various physiological and molecular mechanisms. Under drought stress, Zn application improves seed germination, plant water relations, cell membrane stability, osmolyte accumulation, stomatal regulation, water use efficiency and photosynthesis, thus resulting in significantly better plant performance. Moreover, Zn interacts with plant hormones, increases the expression of stress proteins and stimulates the antioxidant enzymes for counteracting drought effects. To better appraise the potential benefits arising from optimum Zn nutrition, in the present review we discuss the role of Zn in plants under drought stress. Our aim is to provide a complete, updated picture in order to orientate future research directions on this topic.

scholarly journals Sources and Assembly of Microbial Communities in Vineyards as a Functional Component of Winegrowing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reid G. Griggs ◽  
Kerri L. Steenwerth ◽  
David A. Mills ◽  
Dario Cantu ◽  
Nicholas A. Bokulich
Keyword(s):  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Wine Flavor ◽  
Microbiome Assembly ◽  
Regional Wine

Microbiomes are integral to viticulture and winemaking – collectively termed winegrowing – where diverse fungi and bacteria can exert positive and negative effects on grape health and wine quality. Wine is a fermented natural product, and the vineyard serves as a key point of entry for quality-modulating microbiota, particularly in wine fermentations that are conducted without the addition of exogenous yeasts. Thus, the sources and persistence of wine-relevant microbiota in vineyards critically impact its quality. Site-specific variations in microbiota within and between vineyards may contribute to regional wine characteristics. This includes distinctions in microbiomes and microbiota at the strain level, which can contribute to wine flavor and aroma, supporting the role of microbes in the accepted notion of terroir as a biological phenomenon. Little is known about the factors driving microbial biodiversity within and between vineyards, or those that influence annual assembly of the fruit microbiome. Fruit is a seasonally ephemeral, yet annually recurrent product of vineyards, and as such, understanding the sources of microbiota in vineyards is critical to the assessment of whether or not microbial terroir persists with inter-annual stability, and is a key factor in regional wine character, as stable as the geographic distances between vineyards. This review examines the potential sources and vectors of microbiota within vineyards, general rules governing plant microbiome assembly, and how these factors combine to influence plant-microbe interactions relevant to winemaking.

scholarly journals Propiconazole and Salicylic acid alleviate effect of drought stress in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) through biochemical and some physiological characters.

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maruthaiya Arivalagan ◽  
Ramamurthy Somasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Physiological Parameter ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Physiological Characters

In this study, the protective role of propiconazole (PCZ) and salicylic acid (SA) in relation to biochemical content and some physiological parameters were investigated in drought stressed Sorghum bicolor plants. The pot culture experiment was carried out on Botanical garden, Deportment of Botany, Annamalai University.  A 30 Days After Sowing (DAS) plants were subjected to 3, 6, and 9 Days Interval Drought (DID) stress and drought with PCZ at 1 mM and drought with SA at 1 mM at 30, 40, and 50 DAS. The plants irrigated regularly in alternate day interval were kept as control. The plant samples were collected on 60, 70, and 80 DAS from all the treatments. The biochemical contents like starch and sucrose, then physiological parameter like Relative Water Content (RWC) and Electrolyte Leakage (EL) were analysed. Under the drought stress reduced starch and RWC was observed then, sucrose and EL content were increased. The drought with growth regulator treated plants starch and RWC was reduced then, sucrose and EL was increased but it was lower than that of control. Together, our findings demonstrate that, PCZ and SA is an efficient growth regulator with diversified roles that contribute to its potential alleviating effect against drought stress.

The role of biochar in alleviating soil drought stress in urban roadside greenery

Geoderma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 404 ◽  
pp. 115223
Author(s):  
You Jin Kim ◽  
Junge Hyun ◽  
Sin Yee Yoo ◽  
Gayoung Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Soil Drought

scholarly journals Drought and Salinity in Citriculture: Optimal Practices to Alleviate Salinity and Water Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1283
Author(s):  
Vasileios Ziogas ◽  
Georgia Tanou ◽  
Giasemi Morianou ◽  
Nektarios Kourgialas
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
High Water ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Negative Effect

Among the various abiotic stresses, drought is the major factor limiting crop productivity worldwide. Citrus has been recognized as a fruit tree crop group of great importance to the global agricultural sector since there are 140 citrus-producing countries worldwide. The majority of citrus-producing areas are subjected to dry and hot summer weather, limited availability of water resources with parallel low-quality irrigation water due to increased salinity regimes. Citrus trees are generally classified as “salt-intolerant” with high water needs, especially during summer. Water scarcity negatively affects plant growth and impairs cell metabolism, affecting the overall tree growth and the quality of produced fruit. Key factors that overall attempt to sustain and withstand the negative effect of salinity and drought stress are the extensive use of rootstocks in citriculture as well as the appropriate agronomical and irrigation practices applied. This review paper emphasizes and summarizes the crucial role of the above factors in the sustainability of citriculture.

scholarly journals Staphylococcal Communities on Skin Are Associated with Atopic Dermatitis and Disease Severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Sofie Marie Edslev ◽  
Caroline Meyer Olesen ◽  
Line Brok Nørreslet ◽  
Anna Cäcilia Ingham ◽  
Søren Iversen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Staphylococcus Lugdunensis ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Lesional Skin ◽  
Staphylococcus Capitis ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis

The skin microbiota of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients is characterized by increased Staphylococcus aureus colonization, which exacerbates disease symptoms and has been linked to reduced bacterial diversity. Skin bacterial communities in AD patients have mostly been described at family and genus levels, while species-level characterization has been limited. In this study, we investigated the role of the bacteria belonging to the Staphylococcus genus using targeted sequencing of the tuf gene with genus-specific primers. We compared staphylococcal communities on lesional and non-lesional skin of AD patients, as well as AD patients with healthy controls, and determined the absolute abundance of bacteria present at each site. We observed that the staphylococcal community, bacterial alpha diversity, and bacterial densities were similar on lesional and non-lesional skin, whereas AD severity was associated with significant changes in staphylococcal composition. Increased S. aureus, Staphylococcus capitis, and Staphylococcus lugdunensis abundances were correlated with increased severity. Conversely, Staphylococcus hominis abundance was negatively correlated with severity. Furthermore, S. hominis relative abundance was reduced on AD skin compared to healthy skin. In conclusion, various staphylococcal species appear to be important for skin health.

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