Clinical Manifestations of Early Syphilis by HIV Status and Gender

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE M. ROMPALO ◽  
M. RIDUAN JOESOEF ◽  
JUDITH A. O???DONNELL ◽  
MICHAEL AUGENBRAUN ◽  
WILLIAM BRADY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Early Syphilis ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals 1359. Reported Neurologic, Ocular, and Otic Manifestations among Syphilis Cases — 16 States, 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S766-S766
Author(s):  
David A Jackson ◽  
Robert McDonald ◽  
Hillard Weinstock ◽  
Elizabeth Torrone
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Early Syphilis ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Late Syphilis ◽  
Hiv Negative ◽  
Complete Reporting

Abstract Background Syphilis can cause neurologic, ocular, or otic manifestations at any stage, possibly resulting in permanent disability or even death. In 2018, CDC began collecting clinical manifestation data for syphilis cases reported through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). We present the first estimates of the prevalence of neurologic, ocular, and otic manifestations among syphilis cases in the United States. Methods We reviewed NNDSS data to identify jurisdictions (states + DC) who reported ≥ 70% of their syphilis cases with clinical manifestation data (considered to have “complete reporting”) in 2019. Among these jurisdictions, we determined the prevalence of neurologic, ocular, and otic manifestations (combining verified, likely, and possible clinical manifestations together), stratified by HIV status and by syphilis stage (Unknown/late syphilis vs. Early syphilis [Primary, Secondary, and Early non primary non secondary syphilis]). Results In 2019, 16 states had complete reporting for neurologic, otic, and ocular manifestations. Of the 41,216 syphilis cases reported in these jurisdictions, clinical manifestations were infrequently reported: neurologic (n=445, 1.1%), ocular (n=461, 1.1%), and otic (n=166, 0.4%). Prevalence was higher among HIV-infected persons compared to HIV-negative persons for neurologic (1.4% vs. 0.9%) and ocular manifestations (1.3% vs 1.0%) but was similar for otic manifestations (0.4% vs 0.4%). Prevalence was higher among persons diagnosed with Unknown/late syphilis compared to Early syphilis for neurologic (1.6% vs 0.8%) and ocular manifestations (1.6% vs 0.9%) but similar for otic manifestations (0.5% vs 0.4%); however, 49.4% of cases reported with ≥ 1 of these clinical manifestations were diagnosed with Early syphilis. Conclusion The prevalence of neurologic, ocular, and otic manifestations was low among syphilis cases, but case data likely underestimate the true burden given potential underreporting. The frequency of clinical manifestations, including among HIV-negative persons and persons diagnosed with Early syphilis, emphasizes the importance of evaluating all syphilis cases for clinical signs or symptoms regardless of stage or HIV status. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Focus on Hormonal, Genetic and Clinical Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5808
Author(s):  
Annalisa Giandalia ◽  
Alfio Edoardo Giuffrida ◽  
Guido Gembillo ◽  
Domenico Cucinotta ◽  
Giovanni Squadrito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Diabetic Kidney ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most serious complications of both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Current guidelines recommend a personalized approach in order to reduce the burden of DM and its complications. Recognizing sex and gender- differences in medicine is considered one of the first steps toward personalized medicine, but the gender issue in DM has been scarcely explored so far. Gender differences have been reported in the incidence and the prevalence of DKD, in its phenotypes and clinical manifestations, as well as in several risk factors, with a different impact in the two genders. Hormonal factors, especially estrogen loss, play a significant role in explaining these differences. Additionally, the impact of sex chromosomes as well as the influence of gene–sex interactions with several susceptibility genes for DKD have been investigated. In spite of the increasing evidence that sex and gender should be included in the evaluation of DKD, several open issues remain uncovered, including the potentially different effects of newly recommended drugs, such as SGLT2i and GLP1Ras. This narrative review explored current evidence on sex/gender differences in DKD, taking into account hormonal, genetic and clinical factors.

scholarly journals Impact of the Inflow Population From Outbreak Areas on the COVID-19 Epidemic in Yunnan Province and the Recommended Control Measures: A Preliminary Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Sun ◽  
Guozhong He ◽  
Ninghao Huang ◽  
Hongyu Chen ◽  
Shuwei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Proper Management ◽  
Outbreak Areas ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background: COVID-19 developed into a global pandemic in 2020 and poses challenges regarding the prevention and control capabilities of countries. A large number of inbound travelers from other regions could lead to a renewed outbreak of COVID-19 in the local regions. Globally, as a result of the imbalance in the control of the epidemic, all countries are facing the risk of a renewed COVID-19 outbreak brought about by travelers from epidemic areas. Therefore, studies on a proper management of the inbound travelers are urgent.Methods: We collected a total of 4,733,414 inbound travelers and 174 COVID-19 diagnosed patients in Yunnan province from 21 January 2020 to 20 February 2020. Data on place of origin, travel history, age, and gender, as well as whether they had suspected clinical manifestations for inbound travelers in Yunnan were collected. The impact of inbound travelers on the local epidemic was analyzed with a collinear statistical analysis and the effect of the control measures on the epidemic was evaluated with a sophisticated modeling approach.Results: Of the 174 COVID-19 patients, 60.9% were not from Yunnan, and 76.4% had a history of travel in Hubei. The amount of new daily cases in Yunnan was significant correlated with the number of inbound travelers from Hubei and suspected cases among them. Using Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious–Recovered (SEIR) model analysis, we found that the prevention and control measures dropped the local R0 down to 1.07 in Yunnan province.Conclusions: Our preliminary analysis showed that the proper management of inbound travelers from outbreak areas has a significantly positive effect on the prevention and control of the virus. In the process of resettlement, some effective measures taken by Yunnan province may provide an important reference for preventing the renewed COVID-19 outbreak in other regions.

scholarly journals ALOX5 , LPA , MMP9 and TPO gene polymorphisms increase atherothrombosis susceptibility in middle-aged Mexicans

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 190775
Author(s):  
Rafael Camacho-Mejorado ◽  
Rocío Gómez ◽  
Luisa E. Torres-Sánchez ◽  
Esther Alhelí Hernández-Tobías ◽  
Gino Noris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Group ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Atherothrombosis is the cornerstone of cardiovascular diseases and the primary cause of death worldwide. Genetic contribution to disturbances in lipid metabolism, coagulation, inflammation and oxidative stress increase the susceptibility to its development and progression. Given its multifactorial nature, the multiloci studies have been proposed as potential predictors of susceptibility. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the contribution of nine genes involved in oxidative stress, inflammatory and thrombotic processes in 204 subjects with atherothrombosis matched by age and gender with a healthy group ( n = 204). To evaluate the possibility of spurious associations owing to the Mexican population genetic heterogeneity as well as its ancestral origins, 300 unrelated mestizo individuals and 329 Native Americans were also included. ALOX5 , LPA , MMP9 and TPO gene polymorphisms, as well as their multiallelic combinations, were twice to four times more frequent in those individuals with clinical manifestations of atherothrombosis than in the healthy group. Once adjusting for population stratification was done, these differences remained. Our results add further evidence on the contribution of ALOX5 , LPA , MMP9 and TPO polymorphisms to atherothrombosis development in the middle-aged group, emphasizing the multiethnic studies in search of gene risk polymorphisms.

scholarly journals Serum Soluble CD89-IgA Complexes Are Elevated in IgA Nephropathy without Immunosuppressant History

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiting Wu ◽  
Xiaoyan Wang ◽  
Zhe Yang ◽  
Qing Zhao ◽  
Yubing Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iga Nephropathy ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Oxford Classification ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Capture Antibody ◽  
And Gender

Purpose. CD89 (FcαRI), the receptor of IgA, can shed from cells to form complexes with IgA in serum and is supposed to participate in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). There are contradictory results on their utility in clinical practice. This study is aimed at investigating whether sCD89-IgA complexes can help in the diagnosis or evaluation of the disease. Methods. A sandwich ELISA was established using anti-CD89 as a capture antibody and HRP-conjugated anti-IgA as a detection antibody. This method was used to measure serum levels of sCD89-IgA complexes in IgAN patients without immunosuppressant history and healthy subjects. Correlations between serum levels of sCD89-IgA complexes and disease severity were analyzed. Results. Serum sCD89-IgA complexes increased with age (P<0.001). IgAN patients had higher sCD89-IgA complex levels compared with age- and gender-matched normal healthy individuals (P<0.001). Serum sCD89-IgAN significantly predicted IgAN diagnosis (AUC = 0.762 (0.640-0.883), P<0.001). But sCD89-IgA complexes did not correlate with baseline clinical manifestations, oxford classification, or renal function deteriorate speed. Conclusions. Serum sCD89-IgA complexes can guide diagnosis of IgAN in patients without immunosuppressant history, but provide limited help in clinicopathologic prediction.

scholarly journals Effect of Couples Counselling on Reported HIV Risk Behaviour among HIV Serodiscordant Couples by ART Use, HIV Status and Gender in Rural Uganda

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e0136531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel King ◽  
Jeong Min ◽  
Josephine Birungi ◽  
Maureen Nyonyintono ◽  
Katherine A. Muldoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Serodiscordant Couples ◽  
Hiv Serodiscordant Couples ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals What is the overlap between HIV and shigellosis epidemics in England: further evidence of MSM transmission?

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keerthi Mohan ◽  
Matthew Hibbert ◽  
Graeme Rooney ◽  
Malcolm Canvin ◽  
Tristan Childs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Sexual History ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Travel History ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

BackgroundEvidence suggests that sexual transmission between men has replaced foreign travel as the predominant mode of Shigella transmission in England. However, sexuality and HIV status are not routinely recorded for laboratory-reported Shigella, and the role of HIV in the Shigella epidemic is not well understood.MethodsThe Modular Open Laboratory Information System containing all Shigella cases reported to Public Health England (PHE) and the PHE HIV and AIDS Reporting System holding all adults living with diagnosed HIV in England were matched using a combination of Soundex code, date of birth and gender.ResultsFrom 2004 to 2015, 88 664 patients were living with HIV, and 10 269 Shigella cases were reported in England; 9% (873/10 269) of Shigella cases were diagnosed with HIV, of which 93% (815/873) were in men. Shigella cases without reported travel history were more likely to be living with HIV than those who had travelled (14% (751/5427) vs 3% (134/4854); p<0.01). From 2004 to 2015, the incidence of Shigella in men with HIV rose from 47/100 000 to 226/100 000 (p<0.01) peaking in 2014 at 265/100 000, but remained low in women throughout the study period (0–24/100 000). Among Shigella cases without travel and with HIV, 91% (657/720) were men who have sex with men (MSM). HIV preceded Shigella diagnosis in 86% (610/720), and 65% (237/362) had an undetectable viral load (<50 copies/mL).DiscussionWe observed a sustained increase in the national rate of shigellosis in MSM with HIV, who may experience more serious clinical disease. Sexual history, HIV status and STI risk might require sensitive investigation in men presenting with gastroenteritis.

scholarly journals Effect of reporting a diagnosis on the behavior of HIV-infected people

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
D. A. Neshumaev ◽  
I. A. Olkhovskiy ◽  
V. P. Chubarov ◽  
L. V. Ruznyaeva ◽  
S. E. Skudarnov
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Infected People ◽  
The Moment

Relevance. According to US scientists, the percentage of people who do not know about their positive status is 20% of all people living with HIV. Moreover, this group provides 49% of new infections. Therefore, it can be assumed that information about HIV status has a significant epidemiological effect. Aim. To assess the change in risk behavior of HIV-infected persons after informing about the diagnosis and the frequency of occurrence of nonspecific symptoms of HIV infection. Materials and methods. For information on changing the behavior profile was developed, consisting of three sections. The first and third sections are aimed at elucidating the characteristics of sexual and drug behavior from the moment of probable infection to the moment of diagnosis, in comparison with the time period from the moment of reporting the diagnosis to the present. The second section of questions is aimed at determining the frequency of occurrence of nonspecific symptoms of early HIV infection. In the survey agreed to participate in 79 HIV-infected patients. The reliability of the results obtained was determined using the Wilcoxon Sign Test. Results. The message of the diagnosis of HIV infection contributed to the desire to abandon the systematic use of intravenous drugs. The proportion of people who denied drug use increased from 13 to 65% (p < 0.05). The number of people infected intensively (30 and more doses / month) using drugs has more than halved – from 38 to 17% (p < 0.05). The number of people denying drug use in groups increased from 10 to 45% (p < 0.05). From 55 to 12% (p < 0.05), the proportion of people who pass their syringe (needle) to another person to inject drugs has decreased. The number of persons who noted the presence of more than 5 partners per year after diagnosis decreased three times (p < 0.05). Only 23% of the respondents did not present any complaints in the period preceding the detection of HIV infection. Symptoms of acute respiratory disease marked 48%, 37% had fever, and other non-specific clinical manifestations of HIV infection. Conclusion. Communicating a positive HIV status to a patient reduces the likelihood of HIV transmission by drugs by 3–4 times and sexually by 2–3 times by changing risky behavior. Nonspecific symptoms of an acute viral disease before the detection of HIV infection were recorded in 48% of cases.

scholarly journals Reported health, lifestyle and clinical manifestations associated with HIV status in people from rural and urban communities in the Free State Province, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michélle Pienaar ◽  
Francois C. Van Rooyen ◽  
Corinna M. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Health Lifestyle ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Involuntary Weight Loss

Background: HIV infection impacts heavily on the infected individual’s overall health status.Aim: To determine significant health, lifestyle (smoking and alcohol use) and independent clinical manifestations associated with HIV status in rural and urban communities.Methods: Adults aged between 25 and 64 years completed a questionnaire in a structured interview with each participant. Blood specimens were analysed in an accredited laboratory using standard techniques and controls. Anthropometric measurements were determined using standardised methods.Results: Of the 567 rural participants, 97 (17.1%) were HIV-infected, and 172 (40.6%) of the 424 urban participants. More than half of HIV-infected rural participants used alcohol and more than 40% smoked. Median body mass index (BMI) of HIV-infected participants was lower than that of uninfected participants. Significantly more HIV-infected participants reported experiencing cough (rural), skin rash (urban), diarrhoea (rural and urban), vomiting (rural), loss of appetite (urban) and involuntary weight loss (rural). Significantly more HIV-uninfected participants reported diabetes mellitus (urban) and high blood pressure (rural and urban). In rural areas, HIV infection was positively associated with losing weight involuntarily (odds ratio 1.86), ever being diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) (odds ratio 2.50) and being on TB treatment (odds ratio 3.29). In the urban sample, HIV infection was positively associated with having diarrhoea (odds ratio 2.04) and ever being diagnosed with TB (odds ratio 2.49).Conclusion: Involuntary weight loss and diarrhoea were most likely to predict the presence of HIV. In addition, present or past diagnosis of TB increased the odds of being HIV-infected. Information related to diarrhoea, weight loss and TB is easy to obtain from patients and should prompt healthcare workers to screen for HIV.

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