Chitosan nanoparticle vaccine loaded with crude extracellular proteins of C. perfringens and Salmonella flagella is partially protective against necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

AbstractNecrotic enteritis (NE) causes significant economic losses and food shortages world-wide. There are currently no licensed commercial vaccines against NE in broilers. Chitosan nanoparticles were formulated with extracellular proteins of C. perfringens surface-tagged with Salmonella flagellar proteins. One-day-old male broiler chicks were completely randomized to 3 treatments: Non-vaccinated non-challenged as negative control, Vaccinated-challenged, and non-vaccinated challenge as positive control. On day of hatch, d7, and d14 post-hatch, vaccinated-challenged birds were orally gavage with 50μg vaccine in 0.5ml PBS while positive control birds were gavage with 0.5ml PBS only. Birds in the vaccinated-challenged and positive control groups were orally infected on d14 post-hatch, with 5,000 oocysts/bird of E. maxima, followed by log 8 CFU of a virulent strain of C. perfringens on d19, d20, and d21 post-hatch. From d14 to 21 and d14 to 28 post-hatches, mortality in the vaccinated-challenged group was higher than that in the positive control group, approaching statistical significance (p=0.07). On d21 post-hatch, the mean lesion score of 3 birds/cage in the vaccinated-challenged group was higher than the positive control group, approaching statistical significance (p = 0.05). From d 14 to 28 post-hatch, the feed intake was higher and feed conversion ratio lower in the vaccinated-challenged group compared to the positive control group (p<0.05). On d21 post-hatch, antigen specific recall proliferation in the vaccinated-challenged group was higher than that in the negative and positive control groups (p<0.05). On d21 post-hatch, cecal tonsils CD8+ T lymphocytes expression in the vaccinated-challenged group was similar to the negative control group (p>0.05) but higher than that in the positive control group (p<0.05). Finally, vaccination resulted in an increase in ileal mRNA levels of zonula occluding on d21 post-hatch. In conclusion, there were numerical but not statistically significant decrease in NE lesions and mortality in vaccinated and challenged broilers. Further studies are needed to improve the efficacy of the vaccine and understand the mechanism underlying protection in vaccinated birds.

Download Full-text

Effect of ZnO nanoparticles in treatment of broilers with Eimeria tenella. experimentally infected.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-377232/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sadiya Aziz Anah ◽

Khadeeja Abees Hmood ◽

Saad Aziz Anah

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Treated Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Eimeria Tenella ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Control Group ◽

New Treatment

Abstract Coccidiosis is one of the common poultry diseases in Iraq and the world, which causes great economic losses. Therefore, this study aimed to use a new treatment represented by nanoparticles of zinc oxide and compare it with the drug (Amprolium). The Oocysts of Eimeria tenella were isolated from the feces of the briolers received at the Veterinary hospital in Diwaniyah Province and initially diagnosed by compound light microscopy,Then it was confirmed molecularly by PCR technique using the internal transcribed space ITS1 gene with a molecular weight of 409bp. The experiment was carried out on 120 birds of broilers, as the animals were divided into 6 groups with 20 birds per group. The first group(G1) was left as a negative control(uninfected), the second group(G2) was inoculated with 50,000 mature Oocysts and left as a positive control group,the third group(G3) was incubated with 50,000 Oocysts + Amprolium (anticoccidial), the fourth, fifth and sixth groups(G4,G5,G6) were also dosed with 50,000 Oocysts followed by an oral dose of nanoparticles of zinc oxide at a concentration of 20,40,60 mg/kg for each of fourth, fifth and sixth groups respectively. The current results showed that the briolers in G2 suffered from severe disease symptoms and high mortality occurred in the first week of infection, amounting to %10 compared to the anticoccidial (Amprolium group and the groups treated with nanoconcentrations 20,40,60 mg/kg respectively.G6 which was dosed with a concentration of 60 mg /kg, showed a significant decrease in the number of Oocysts excreted compared with the positive control group and the anticoccidial group, in addition to the appearance of mild symptoms and a mortality rate of %0.8,While there was a decrease in the number of Oocysts excreted during the second week in the anticoccidial group and the treated groups with the three nanoconcentrations with a decrease in the mortality rates of birds .The number of Oocysts excreted in the litter significantly decreased in the treated group with a concentration of 60 mg/kg compared to all other groups, and all birds of this group recovered during the second week of infection.

Download Full-text

Natural plant extracts and prebiotic compounds as alternatives to antibiotics in broiler chicken diets in a necrotic enteritis challenge model

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an12374 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (12) ◽

pp. 1247 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. K. Vidanarachchi ◽

L. L. Mikkelsen ◽

C. C. Constantinoiu ◽

M. Choct ◽

P. A. Iji

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Control Group ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Necrotic Enteritis ◽

Control Groups

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of two different water-soluble carbohydrate extracts (renga renga lily extract and Acacia extract), and two commercially available prebiotic compounds, Fibregum and Raftifeed-IPE, on the performance of broiler chickens subjected to a necrotic enteritis (NE) challenge model. These treatments were compared with negative control and a positive (Zn-bacitracin) control treatments. An overall 8.8% NE-related mortality was recorded, with mean jejunal and ileal lesion scores in dead birds ranging from 3.03 to 3.90 in all challenged groups except the positive control groups. NE-specific deaths or clinical abnormalities were not observed with unchallenged control and positive control groups. At 7 days post-challenge, the concentration of specific IgY antibodies against the α-toxin of Clostridium perfringens in the serum was lower (P < 0.05) in birds fed the positive control and Fibregum-supplemented diets than in the negative control group. However, birds fed Fibregum had increased (P < 0.05) IgM concentration compared with those fed Acacia extract and lily extract. The Fibregum-fed group also had higher (P < 0.05) IgA concentrations in serum than did the positive-control and lily extract-supplemented groups at 14 days but this effect did not persist to 21 days. The results from the present study demonstrated that supplementation with water-soluble carbohydrates from two plant sources was not effective in controlling NE. However, the prebiotic compound Fibregum was found to be having some immunomodulatory effects. Addition of Zn-bacitracin and monensin was highly effective in counteracting the negative effects of the disease challenge.

Download Full-text

Tissue injuries of wistar rats treated with hydroalcoholic extract of Sonchus oleraceus L.

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1590/s1984-82502011000300019 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 605-613 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Franciele Carla Prichoa ◽

Silvane Souza Roman ◽

Vanusa Manfredini

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Sonchus Oleraceus ◽

Experimental Group

The use of plant species is emerging as an important alternative in the treatment of injuries. Therefore, the extract of Sonchus oleraceus 10% was employed in the repair of skin lesions. A total of 36 male Wistar rats were subjected to a punch injury and divided into three groups: a negative control, receiving no treatment, a positive control, treated with Dersani, and the experimental group treated with the extract. The injury was assessed macroscopically and microscopically. Morphometric data was collected at the 3rd, 5th and 7th postoperative day, and the experimental group showed greater changes in shrinkage of the lesion compared to control groups. On the 3rd postoperative day, the injury in the experimental group showed less necrotic tissue, lower slough and more granulation tissue in relation to the positive control group. On the 7th and 10th postoperative day, the injury in the experimental group showed lower slough compared to the positive control group. Microscopic analysis of lesions on the 5th postoperative day revealed increased fibroplasia in the experimental group compared to control groups, while on the 14th postoperative day less neovascularization was evident in the experimental group and increased formation of hair follicles in the negative control group. The extract of S. oleraceus provided tissue repair in accordance with normal physiological patterns thus confirming empirical evidence for its use.

Download Full-text

The effectiveness of Boiled figs leaf (FIcus Carica L) and Rosy Periwinkle (Catharantus roseus) on SGOT and SGPT levels of male wistar strain rats with hepatitis Model

Abstract Proceedings International Scholars Conference ◽

10.35974/isc.v7i1.2190 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 850-859

Author(s):

Debora Oktaviani

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Ficus Carica ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Wistar Strain ◽

Significant Difference

Hepatitis is an inflammatory disease of liver cells that is contagious in the low category, the cause of it is bacteria, viruses, drugs and alcohol. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of boiled figs leaf (Ficus Carica L) and Rosy periwinkle (Catharantus roseus ) in reducing SGOT and SGPT levels. The subjects of this study were 30 male Wistar strain rats with age of 2-3 months, body weight 180-200 grams. Rats were divided into 3 groups; treatment groups, negative control groups and positive control groups. The treatment group and positive control group were induced paracetamol 120 mg / day orally for 7 days. The treatment group was given 0.4 grams boiled figs leaf (Ficus Carica L) and 2.6 grams boiled rosy periwinkle (Catharantus roseus) it given as much as 3.6 cc / day orally for 7 days. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 24, one way ANOVA test was performed to compare SGOT and SGPT levels. The results showed there were significant differences in SGOT levels between the treatment group, the positive control group, and the negative control group (p <0.05) and there was a significant difference in the SGPT value between the treatment group and the positive control group (p <0.05), while the negative control group and the treatment group there was no significant difference (p = 0.75). The conclusion of this study was the water extraction of figs leaf (Ficus Carica L), Rosy periwinkle (Catharantus roseus) had an effect in decreasing the SGOT and SGPT values of male wistar strain rats induced by paracetamol.

Download Full-text

Resistance to Fracture of Dental Roots Obturated with Different Materials

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/591031 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Berkan Celikten ◽

Ceren Feriha Uzuntas ◽

Kamran Gulsahi

Keyword(s):

Fracture Resistance ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Canal Filling ◽

Filling Materials ◽

Group 2

The aim of this study was to compare the vertical fracture resistance of roots obturated with different root canal filling materials and sealers. Crowns of 55 extracted mandibular premolar teeth were removed to provide root lengths of 13 mm. Five roots were saved as negative control group (canals unprepared and unfilled). Fifty root canals were instrumented and then five roots were saved as positive control group (canals prepared but unfilled). The remaining 45 roots were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n=15root/group) and obturated with the following procedures: in group 1, glass ionomer-based sealer and cone (ActiV GP obturation system); in group 2, bioceramic sealer and cone (EndoSequence BC obturation system); and in group 3, roots were filled with bioceramic sealer and cone (Smartpaste bio obturation system). All specimens were tested in a universal testing machine for measuring fracture resistance. For each root, the force at the time of fracture was recorded in Newtons. The statistical analysis was performed by using Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc test. There were no significant differences between the three experimental groups. The fracture values of three experimental and negative control groups were significantly higher than the positive control group. Within the limitations of this study, all materials increased the fracture resistance of instrumented roots.

Download Full-text

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Teripang Pasir terhadap Hambatan Pertumbuhan Shigella Dysentriae Secara In Vitro

Hang Tuah Medical journal ◽

10.30649/htmj.v18i1.239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

FERIZAL NEGERI SAMUDRA ◽

RETNO BUDIARTI ◽

IRMAWATI IRMAWATI

Keyword(s):

Sea Cucumber ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Shigella Spp ◽

Diarrhea Disease

ABSTRACTBackground; In Indonesia, most diarrhea disease in 1995 to 2001 are caused by Shigella spp. Shigella spp infection can cause various symptom dan complication. Generally, the treatment by using antibiotic can cause antibiotic resistance. Sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) is an herb that known, available, and easy to consume by society and has an antibacterial effect. Therefore, further research to study the effect of Holoturia Scabra on Shigella Dysentriae growth in vitro is needed.Objectives: The goal of this research is demonstrate the effect of sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) to the growth of the Shigella dysentriae bacteria in vitro.Method: The method in this research is Posttest Only Control Group. There are 6 groups, 4 types of and 2 control groups. The concentration of the treatment group is 100%,50%, 25%, and, 12.5% while for positive control tests using chloramphenicol and aquadest as a negative control.Result: The result showed there is an influence on the intake of sand cucumber to the growth of the Shigella dysenteriae.Conclusion: Sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) inhibit the growth of Shigella dysenteriae.Key words: Shigella dysenteriae, sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra), antibacterial

Download Full-text

Biosafety devices to control the spread of potentially contaminated dispersion particles. New associated strategies for health environments

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0255533 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0255533

Author(s):

Victor Angelo Martins Montalli ◽

Patrícia Rejane de Freitas ◽

Milenna de Figueiredo Torres ◽

Oscar de Figueiredo Torres Junior ◽

Dienne Hellen Moutinho De Vilhena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

High Rate ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Environment ◽

The Mean ◽

Petri Dishes ◽

Uv C

Dental procedures produce a large amount of spatter and aerosols that create concern for the transmission of airborne diseases, such as Covid-19. This study established a methodology with the objective of evaluating new associated strategies to reduce the risk of cross-transmission in a health environment by simulating spread of potentially contaminated dispersion particles (PCDP) in the environment. This crossover study, was conducted in a school clinic environment (4 clinics containing 12 dental chairs each). As a positive control group (without barriers), 12 professionals activated at the same time the turbine of dental drill, for one minute, with a bacterial solution (Lactobacillus casei Shirota, 1.5x108 CFU/mL), which had been added in the cooling reservoir of the dental equipment. In the experimental groups, the professionals made use of; a) an individual biosafety barrier in dentistry (IBBD) which consists of a metal support covered by a disposable PVC film barrier; b) a Mobile Unit of Disinfection by Ultraviolet-C, consisting of 8 UV lamps-C of 95W, of 304μW/cm2 of irradiance each, connected for 15 minutes (UV-C) and; c) the association between the two methods (IBBD + UV-C). In each clinic, 56 Petri dishes containing MRS agar were positioned on the lamps, benches and on the floor. In addition, plates were placed prior to each test (negative control group) and plates were also placed in the corridor that connects the four clinics. In the groups without barrier and IBBD + UV-C the passive air microorganisms in Petri dishes was also evaluated at times of 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the end of the dental’s drill activation. The mean (standard deviation) of CFU of L. casei Shirota for the positive control group was 3905 (1521), while in the experimental groups the mean using the IBBD was 940 (466) CFU, establishing a reduction on average, of 75% (p<0.0001). For the UV-C group, the mean was 260 (309) CFU and the association of the use of IBBD + UV-C promoted an overall average count of 152 (257) CFU, establishing a reduction on average of 93% and 96%, respectively (p<0.0001). Considering these results and the study model used, the individual biosafety barrier associated with UV-C technology showed to be efficient strategies to reduce the dispersion of bioaerosols generated in an environment with high rate of PCDP generation and may be an alternative for the improvement of biosafety in different healthy environment.

Download Full-text

Efektivitas Ekstrak Artemisia vulgaris L. sebagai Hepatoprotektor pada sel-sel Hati Tikus yang Diinduksi Niasin

Pustaka Kesehatan ◽

10.19184/pk.v6i2.7617 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 251

Author(s):

Laily Rahmawati ◽

Erma Sulistyaningsih ◽

Rosita Dewi

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Liver Damage ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Artemisia Vulgaris ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

The niacin in energy drinks has metabolic product that cause oxidative stress and liver damage, while the liver damage can be prevented by hepatoprotective agents. Scoparone in Artemisia vulgaris L. can act as a hepatoprotector by its antioxidant effect. This study aimed to investigate the effectivity of Artemisia vulgaris L. extract as a hepatoprotector in wistar hepatocytes induced by niacin. This study used 25 male rats which were divided into 5 groups: normal, the negative control, the positive control, the treatment group I, and II. Treatment was conducted for 28 days. The samples were terminated and the hepatocyte were prepared for histological examination. Histological appearance was catagorized as mild, moderate, and severe damage with or without inflamatory cells activity. The data analysis by Kruskal Wallis showed significant difference (p<0,001). Further analysis by Mann Whitney revealed significantly difference (p<0,05) between normal group and all groups, negative control group and positive control group, and positive control group and treatment group I, but not significantly difference between negative control group and treatment group I, negative control group and treatment group II, positive control group and treatment group II, and between treatment groups. The study concluded that the effectivity of Artemisia vulgaris L. extract has not been proven as a hepatoprotector but further study is needed to draw a definite conclusion. Keywords: energy drink, niacin, Artemisia vulgaris L., hepatoprotector

Download Full-text

PENGGUNAAN KRIM EKSTRAK BATANG DAN DAUN SURUHAN (Peperomia pellucida L.H.B.K) DALAM PROSES PENYEMBUHAN LUKA BAKAR PADA TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus)

Biopendix: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan dan Terapan ◽

10.30598/biopendixvol1issue2page198-208 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 198-208

Author(s):

Nur Fitri

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Healing Process ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Herbaceous Plant

Background: Peperomia pellucida L'HBK or known as messengers in the Indonesian plant is a herbaceous plant that belongs to the family Piperaceae. This study aimed to determine the effect of the stem and leaf extract cream messengers to the healing process of burns in rats (Rattus norvegicus. Methods: This was an experimental study using a completely randomized design. Test animals were divided into three groups, each - each group consisted of 3 rats. The first group is the negative control group (distilled water), the second group is a positive control group (Bioplacenton®), the third group is the group treated stem and leaf extract cream errand. The diameter of the wound and fibroblasts observed histopathology and is used as an indicator of the healing process of burns. The burns were treated and observed the healing effect for 20 days. Data were analyzed statistically wound diameter using ANOVA followed by LSD test. Results: The results showed the cream extracts of stems and leaves telling effect on the healing process of burns on rats. Conclusion: The results also showed that the treatment group and the leaf stem extract cream messengers and control groups positively influence the healing process of burns significantly when compared to the negative control group. Meanwhile, the treatment group stem and leaf extract cream messengers have no preformance difference influence the healing process of burns a significant positive control group

Download Full-text

Effect of Black Seed (Nigella sativa) and Uziza (Piper guineense) Leaf on the Histology of the Liver of Wistar Albino Rats

Biotechnology Journal International ◽

10.9734/bji/2019/v23i230075 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Okoye Ngozi Franca ◽

Ikiriko, Favour Ibiwari

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Piper Guineense ◽

The Third ◽

Black Seed

Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the effects of aqueous extracts of both Nigella sativa and Piper guineense on the liver enzymes; alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Also the effect of Nigella sativa and Piper guineense extracts on the histology of the liver of Wistar rat was also studied. Materials and Methods: A total of twenty five Wistar rats were used for the study. The animals were grouped into five groups, each having five animals. They were induced with sucrose and margarine to cause high sugar levels and hyperlipidemia respectively except the positive control group which was fed normal feed. The groups were: the positive control group, the negative control group which were induced without treatment, the uziza leaf group which were induced and were treated with 2 ml of aqueous extract of uziza leaf, the black seed group which were induced and were treated with 2 ml of aqueous extract of black seed, and the black seed and uziza group which were induced and were treated with 2ml of aqueous extract of black seed and 2 ml of aqueous extract of uziza leaf. Results: The result showed that the extracts decreased the ALT and AST and ALP activities in the rats in a time dependent manner with highest decrease obtained on the third week of treatment with the extracts. The ALT activity (U/L) on the third week of treatment showed for the, negative control (64.48 ± 0.22), uziza leaf (28.82 ± 0.12), black seed (32.65 ± 0.02), black seed and uziza leaf (16.04 ± 0.02) (p≤0.05). The decrease in activity for AST levels (U/L) on the third week of treatment, showed for the negative control (58.00 ± 0.02), uziza leaf (11.00 ± 0.01), black seed (12.00 ± 0.02), black seed and uziza leaf (8.00 ± 0.02). Conclusion: It can be concluded that both uziza leaf and black seed have hepatoprotective effect on the liver.

Download Full-text