scholarly journals Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among asymptomatic frontline health workers in Los Angeles County, California

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Halbrook ◽  
Adva Gadoth ◽  
Rachel Martin-Blais ◽  
Ashley Grey ◽  
Deisy Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
First Responders ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Frontline Health Workers

AbstractBeginning April 8, 2020, we enrolled 1787 frontline heath workers who were asymptomatic for COVID-19 into a longitudinal surveillance study. During that time 4 healthcare workers and 6 first responders tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. Additionally, 43 healthcare workers and 55 first responders had detectable IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e043584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E Ebinger ◽  
Gregory J Botwin ◽  
Christine M Albert ◽  
Mona Alotaibi ◽  
Moshe Arditi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Delivery System ◽  
Hispanic Ethnicity ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
African American Race

ObjectiveWe sought to determine the extent of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and the factors associated with seroprevalence across a diverse cohort of healthcare workers.DesignObservational cohort study of healthcare workers, including SARS-CoV-2 serology testing and participant questionnaires.SettingsA multisite healthcare delivery system located in Los Angeles County.ParticipantsA diverse and unselected population of adults (n=6062) employed in a multisite healthcare delivery system located in Los Angeles County, including individuals with direct patient contact and others with non-patient-oriented work functions.Main outcomesUsing Bayesian and multivariate analyses, we estimated seroprevalence and factors associated with seropositivity and antibody levels, including pre-existing demographic and clinical characteristics; potential COVID-19 illness-related exposures; and symptoms consistent with COVID-19 infection.ResultsWe observed a seroprevalence rate of 4.1%, with anosmia as the most prominently associated self-reported symptom (OR 11.04, p<0.001) in addition to fever (OR 2.02, p=0.002) and myalgias (OR 1.65, p=0.035). After adjusting for potential confounders, seroprevalence was also associated with Hispanic ethnicity (OR 1.98, p=0.001) and African-American race (OR 2.02, p=0.027) as well as contact with a COVID-19-diagnosed individual in the household (OR 5.73, p<0.001) or clinical work setting (OR 1.76, p=0.002). Importantly, African-American race and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with antibody positivity even after adjusting for personal COVID-19 diagnosis status, suggesting the contribution of unmeasured structural or societal factors.Conclusion and relevanceThe demographic factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among our healthcare workers underscore the importance of exposure sources beyond the workplace. The size and diversity of our study population, combined with robust survey and modelling techniques, provide a vibrant picture of the demographic factors, exposures and symptoms that can identify individuals with susceptibility as well as potential to mount an immune response to COVID-19.

scholarly journals Survival analysis of time to SARS-CoV-2 PCR negativisation to optimise PCR prescription in health workers: the Henares COVID-19 healthcare workers cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-106903
Author(s):  
Julio González Martin-Moro ◽  
Marta Chamorro Gómez ◽  
Galicia Dávila Fernández ◽  
Ana Elices Apellaniz ◽  
Ana Fernández Hortelano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Associated Variables

ObjectivesReverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) is considered the gold standard in diagnosing COVID-19. Infected healthcare workers do not go back to work until RT-PCR has demonstrated that the virus is no longer present in the upper respiratory tract. The aim of this study is to determine the most efficient time to perform RT-PCR prior to healthcare workers’ reincorporation.Materials and methodsThis is a cohort study of healthcare workers with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19. Data were collected using the medical charts of healthcare workers and completed with a telephone interview. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to determine the influence of several variables on the time to RT-PCR negativisation. The impact of the variables on survival was assessed using the Breslow test. A Cox regression model was developed including the associated variables.Results159 subjects with a positive RT-PCR out of 374 workers with suspected COVID-19 were included. The median time to negativisation was 25 days from symptom onset (IQR 20–35 days). Presence of IgG, dyspnoea, cough and throat pain were associated with significant longer time to negativisation. Cox logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding variables. Only dyspnoea and cough remained in the model as significant determinants of prolonged negativisation time. Adjusted HRs were 0.68 (0.48–096) for dyspnoea and 0.61 (0.42–0.88) for dry cough.ConclusionsRT-PCR during the first 3 weeks leads to a high percentage of positive results. In the presence of respiratory symptoms, negativisation took nearly 1 week more. Those who developed antibodies needed longer time to negativisate.

The Health Care Workforce in Los Angeles County and New York City: A Comparison and Analysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard S. Berliner ◽  
Christine T. Kovner ◽  
Cordelia Reimers
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Health System ◽  
York City ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Care Workforce

New York City and Los Angeles County have the largest health systems in the United States, but they differ significantly in structure. This study compares and analyzes the structural and workforce differences between the two. The health system in New York City is centered around its large hospitals, and as a result New York employs many more health workers than Los Angeles County, where the health system is centered around physician groups. Health care is a significant contributor to the economy of both areas, but a larger contributor to the economy in New York City.

scholarly journals A Tale of Two Institutions: COVID-19 Positive Rates in Asymptomatic Patients Pre-Screened for Spine Procedures and Surgeries in Los Angeles, California

2021 ◽  
pp. 219256822110574
Author(s):  
Allen S. Chen ◽  
Matthew Brown ◽  
Anush Arekelyan ◽  
Sophie Wennemann ◽  
Nick Shamie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Using Data

Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Objectives The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created an unprecedented global public health emergency. The aim of the current study was to report on COVID-19 rates in an asymptomatic population prior to undergoing spine procedures or surgeries at two large Los Angeles healthcare systems. Methods Elective spine procedures and surgeries from May 1, 2020 to January 31, 2021 were included. Results from SARS-CoV-2 virus RT-PCR nasopharyngeal testing within 72 hours prior to elective spine procedures were recorded. Los Angeles County COVID-19 rates were calculated using data sets from Los Angeles County Department of Public Health. Chi-squared test and Stata/IC were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 4,062 spine procedures and surgeries were scheduled during this time period. Of these, 4,043 procedures and surgeries were performed, with a total of 19 patients testing positive. Nine positive patients were from UCLA, and 10 from USC. The overall rate of positive tests was low at .47% and reflected similarities with Los Angeles County COVID-19 rates over time. Conclusions The current study shows that pre-procedure COVID-19 testing rates remains very low, and follows similar patterns of community rates. While pre-procedure testing increases the safety of elective procedures, universal COVID-19 pre-screening adds an additional barrier to receiving care for patients and increases cost of delivering care. A combination of pre-screening, pre-procedure self-quarantine, and consideration of overall community COVID-19 positivity rates should be further studied.

scholarly journals Antibodies to SARS-CoV2 detectable for less than 50 days in polymerase chain reaction confirmed COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3378
Author(s):  
Nishant Kumar ◽  
Shibal Bhartiya ◽  
Tarundeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Roche Diagnostics ◽  
Pcr Test

Background: A seroprevalence study for COVID-19 antibodies was conducted amongst health workers in Mumbai, India, in June 2020.Methods: Healthcare workers (n=801) underwent a cross sectional survey through electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Roche diagnostics’ Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay, Roche diagnostics, Rotkreuz, Switzerland).Results: Of the 801 healthcare workers, 62 who had been previously diagnosed with a real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) proven SARS-CoV-2 infection, 45 (73.6%) were found to be seronegative during the study. The duration between the positive RT-PCR test and the serological testing ranged from 15 to 49 days for 34 (54.8%), and was >50 days in 28 subjects. Up to 28 days after a positive PCR test, 90% of the subjects were found to be seropositive, but this reduced to less than half over the next two weeks (38.5% between 29 and 42 days).Conclusions: Our findings are in agreement with previous reports that demonstrate a peak antibody formation after 3 weeks, and also an early antibody decay that is almost exponential. This may also have a significant effect on the protection vaccines are able to provide considering that a natural infection has such a transient antibody response. 

scholarly journals Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence among non-vaccinated healthcare workers: a study from rural North India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3348
Author(s):  
Pratibha Mane ◽  
Jyoti Sangwan ◽  
Kirti Lohan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
North India ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Positive Form ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease reported in China initially which spread around the world in no time affecting millions of people. It is caused by a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 or 2019 n-CoV). The healthcare workers (HCW) are at increased risk of acquiring the disease as well as antibody response.Methods: 457 health care workers (HCW) were recruited to give blood samples for anti-SARS CoV-2 IgG testing between September to October 2020.Results: Of the 457 participants, IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 116 health care workers (25.4%). The anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected maximally in HCWs involved in laboratory work. Around 4 % of health care workers were RT-PCR positive form whom IgG were detected in 15 individuals (71.4%) only.Conclusions: The study concludes a higher prevalence among health care workers involved with patient’s samples and laboratory.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in healthcare workers of dedicated-COVID hospitals and non–COVID hospitals of District Srinagar, Kashmir

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salim Khan ◽  
Inaamul Haq ◽  
Mariya Amin Qurieshi ◽  
Sabhiya Majid ◽  
Arif Akbar Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Specific Igg Antibodies

AbstractBackground and objectiveSARS-CoV-2 infection poses tremendous challenge to the healthcare system of nations across the globe. Serological testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers, which form a high-risk group, helps in identifying the burden of hidden infection in an institutional setting.MethodsWe present the results of a cross-sectional serosurvey in healthcare workers from two different hospital settings based on their role in the management of SARS-CoV-2 patients in District Srinagar, Kashmir. In addition to testing for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG, we collected information on influenza-like symptoms in the last four weeks and the status of RT-PCR testing. SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies were detected in serum samples using a sensitive and specific chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay technology.Interpretation and ConclusionOf 2915 healthcare workers who participated in the study, we analysed data from 2905 healthcare workers. The overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies was 2.5% (95% CI 2.0-3.1) in the healthcare workers of District Srinagar. Healthcare workers who had ever worked at a dedicated-COVID hospital had a substantially lower seroprevalence of 0.6% (95% CI: 0.2 - 1.9). Among healthcare workers who had tested positive for RT-PCR, seroprevalence was 27.6% (95% CI: 14.0 - 47.2).The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers of District Srinagar is low, reflecting that a high proportion of healthcare workers are still susceptible to the infection. It is crucial to lay thrust on infection prevention and control activities and standard hygiene practices by the healthcare staff to protect them from acquiring infection within the healthcare setting.

Increasing Outbreaks and Impact of Iris yellow spot virus in Bulb and Seed Onion Crops in the Imperial and Antelope Valleys of California

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant J. Poole ◽  
Hanu R. Pappu ◽  
Richard M. Davis ◽  
Thomas A. Turini
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Iris Yellow Spot Virus ◽  
Yellow Spot ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Onion Seed ◽  
Important Disease

Outbreaks of IYSV were first observed in May 2003 in two Imperial County onion seed fields. In August, 2005, symptomatic onion plants were widespread in four fields in the Antelope Valley, Los Angeles County, CA. IYSV infection was confirmed by ELISA and RT-PCR. This was the first known recording of IYSV in Antelope Valley. Increasing incidence and impact of IYSV in a major onion-growing area highlights the need for research into developing managing options for this important disease of onion. Accepted for publication 22 January 2007. Published 8 May 2007.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infections Among Healthcare Workers, Los Angeles County, February–May 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy Hartmann ◽  
Zachary Rubin ◽  
Heidi Sato ◽  
Kelsey O Yong ◽  
Dawn Terashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Infectious Period ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Patient Interviews ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Across the world, healthcare workers (HCW) are at a greater risk of infection by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to the nature of their work. The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (LAC DPH) set out to understand the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare facilities and HCWs by tracking and analyzing data from case-patient interviews of HCWs. As of 31 May, over 3 months into the pandemic, nearly 5500 positive HCWs were reported to LAC DPH, representing 9.6% of all cases. Cases reported working in 27 different setting types, including outpatient medical offices, correctional facilities, emergency medical services, and so forth, with the highest proportion from long-term care facilities (46.6%) and hospitals (27.7%). Case patients included both clinical and nonclinical roles, with nearly half (49.4%) of positive HCWs being nurses. Over two-thirds of HCWs (68.6%) worked at some point during their infectious period, and nearly half (47.9%) reported a known exposure to a positive patient and/or coworker within their facility. Overall, compared to all LAC cases, HCWs reported lower rates of hospitalization (5.3% vs 12.2%) and death (0.7% vs 4.3%) from COVID-19. There are many factors that increase HCWs risk of infection, including high-risk work environment, limited supply of personal protective equipment, and even pressure to help and work during a pandemic. In response to these data, LAC DPH created resources and provided guidance for healthcare facilities to best protect their patients and staff during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals IgA and IgG antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated health workers by a homemade ELISA diagnostic test

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (s1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Tagliaferro Luigi ◽  
Menegazzi Paola ◽  
Cossa Luca Giulio ◽  
Maffia Michele
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sample ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Induced Immunity

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has accelerated vaccine development and testing, an important step in its eradication. Health workers were included among the first subjects to be vaccinated, therefore it was necessary to check their immunological status after the first and second dose of vaccine. Serum samples belonging to 24 health workers undergoing vaccination for SARS-CoV-2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) were analysed: for 2 of them it was also possible to obtain a serum sample prior to the first dose of vaccine (zero time); antibody dosing was performed in 18 out of 24 after the first and second vaccination dose; in the remaining 6 healthcare workers a serum sample was obtained only after the second dose. In each serum sample, IgA and IgG antibodies to "Spike Receptor Binding Domain" (RBD) and "Nucleocapsid" (N) proteins were searched by ELISA test. Except for the two subjects for whom it was possible to have a serum sample before vaccination, the others were collected on day 18 from the first dose of vaccine and on day 8 from the second dose. Serum samples collected after the first dose of vaccine showed reactivity to anti-RBD IgG in 11 out of 18 healthcare workers and to IgA in 2 subjects. After the second dose all 24 samples showed the presence of anti-S IgG, while 5 revealed a reactivity for anti-S IgA. Three samples showed reactivity towards anti-N IgG. The ELISA test has shown all its effectiveness in controlling post vaccine immunity and in discriminating natural immunity from vaccine induced immunity.

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