Has the age distribution of hospitalized Covid-19 patients changed in Brazil?

The aim of this study was to compare the age profile of hospitalized Covid-19 patients during the first year of the pandemic, as well as hospital mortality and use of ICUs, by age group, in large geographic regions of Brazil. We used data from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System for patients who presented the first symptoms of the disease between the epidemiological weeks 8 of 2020 and 7 of 2021, which were divided into three periods. 779,257 records of patients hospitalized by Covid-19 were obtained. Of this total, 720,363 (92.4%) referred to discharged hospitalizations, considered in the analysis of ICU use and death. Among 244,611 hospitalizations (34.0%) with indication for use of ICU, 190,833 allowed the calculation of the time in ICU. There was variation in the age profile of hospitalized patients between the three periods, but there was no evidence in favor of the hypothesis of an increase, in the last period, in the participation of adults between 18 and 50 years old in hospitalizations by Covid-19. A differentiated increase in the mortality of young adults in the North suggests the possibility of greater severity of the P1 variant in this population. The results also show that the participation of young adults in hospitalizations and hospital deaths was never negligible and is related to hospital mortality rates close to or above 10%. The Covid-19 youthening phenomenon in Brazil is based on the country's own sociodemographic and economic characteristics and may have been strengthened by the increasing circulation of viral variants. It is important to continue monitoring its progression and effects.

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Evaluation of Strategies to Fight COVID-19: The French Paradigm

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10132942 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 2942

Author(s):

Audrey Giraud-Gatineau ◽

Philippe Gautret ◽

Philippe Colson ◽

Hervé Chaudet ◽

Didier Raoult

Keyword(s):

Surveillance System ◽

Excess Mortality ◽

Age Distribution ◽

European Countries ◽

Biological Assessment ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Age Group ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance System

(1) Background: We collected COVID-19 mortality data and the age distribution of the deceased in France and other European countries, as well as specifically in the cities of Paris and Marseille, and compared them. (2) Methods: Data on mortality related to COVID-19 and the associated age distribution were collected from government institutions in various European countries. In France, data were obtained from INSEE and Santé Publique France. All-cause mortality was also examined in order to study potential excess mortality using EuroMOMO. The Marseille data came from the epidemiological surveillance system. (3) Results: France is one of the European countries most impacted by COVID-19. Its proportion of deaths in people under 60 years of age is higher (6.5%) than that of Italy (4.6%) or Spain (4.7%). Excess mortality (5% more deaths) was also observed. Ile-de-France and the Grand-Est are the two French regions with the highest mortality. The proportion of deaths in the under-60 age group was considerable in Ile-de-France (9.9% vs. 4.5% in the Southern region). There are significantly higher numbers of patients hospitalized, in intensive care and deceased in Paris than in Marseille. (4) Conclusions: No patient management, i.e., from screening to diagnosis, including biological assessment and clinical examination, likely explains the high mortality associated with COVID-19.

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Gender-Age Distribution of Patients with COVID-19 at Different Stages of Epidemic in Moscow

Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections ◽

10.21055/0370-1069-2020-3-27-35 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 27-35

Author(s):

V. G. Akimkin ◽

S. N. Kuzin ◽

T. A. Semenenko ◽

A. A. Ploskireva ◽

D. V. Dubodelov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Distribution ◽

Age Groups ◽

Population Based ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Age Group ◽

Female Ratio ◽

The World ◽

Male Female Ratio ◽

Male Cohort ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic around the world and in Russia remains a major event of 2020. All over the world, research is being conducted to comprehensively study the patterns and manifestations of the epidemic process. The main quantitative characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics among the population, based on the data of official monitoring over the current situation, play an important role in the development of the epidemiological surveillance system.The aim of this study is to explore the peculiarities of age-gender distribution of COVID-19 patients in Moscow.Material and methods. The data related to the epidemiological characteristics of age-gender structure of COVID-19 patients in Moscow between March 19, 2020 and April 15, 2020, at different stages of the epidemic were retrospectively analyzed.Results and discussion. The mean age of COVID-19 patients in Moscow was 46,41±20,58 years. The gender ratio (male/female) among the patients was 52.7/47.3 %, wherein the indicators varied depending upon the age. Male/female ratio in the age group “under 39” stood at 53.7/46.3 %, and “over 40 years of age” – at 39.3/60.7 %. The predominant age range among male cases was 19 to 39 years old – 35.4 %, while among female patients – 40–59 years (36.5 %). The age distribution of patients in Moscow is indicative of the fact that COVID-19 is a disease that primarily affects older age groups. The age structure of all COVID-19 cases during the observation period is characterized by predominance of adult patients over 19 years of age – 92,7 % (92,6–92,8 %), the share of patients aged 40–59 years is 35,7% (35,5–35,9 %). The differences in the age distribution in males and females are as follows: in the male cohort, the age groups 19–39 years old and 40–59 years old prevail – 35.4 % (35.1–35.7 %) and 34.9 % (34.6–35.2 %), respectively. The age group 40–59 years old – 36.5 % (36.3–36.8%) dominates in the female cohort.

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Sexual Dimorphism among the Kathmandu University Students Assessed by Anthropometric Studies

International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review ◽

10.15520/ijcrr/2018/9/05/508 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (05) ◽

pp. 20469-20472

Author(s):

Shakya R ◽

Bhattacharya SC ◽

Shrestha R

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Young Adult ◽

University Students ◽

Plastic Surgery ◽

Age Group ◽

Adult Age ◽

Clinically Normal ◽

Crime Detection ◽

Males And Females

Objectives: To observe the sexual dimorphism among the young adult age group ranging from 18-21 years, of Kathmandu University students by measuring craniofacial circumference and canthal distances. Rationale of the study: These data could be useful for establishing the craniofacial standards and adds an implementation on plastic surgery, crime detection as well as in the industrial field. Method: 300 clinically normal students of Kathmandu University aged between 18-21 years were examined for the study. Fronto-occipital circumference, outer and inner canthal distances were measured. All the parameters were compared between males and females. Result: The cranial circumference as well as the inner and outer canthal distance in males was found to be significantly higher as compared to the females. Conclusion: The results concluded that sexual dimorphism remarkably exists in young adults of Kathmandu University students.

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CT density of cervical thymus, in comparison with mediastinal thymus

Insights into Imaging ◽

10.1186/s13244-019-0781-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anitha Sen ◽

Jiji Valsalamony ◽

Jubie Raj

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Soft Tissue ◽

Older Age ◽

List Type ◽

Age Group ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Children And Young Adults ◽

Criteria For Diagnosis ◽

Ct Density ◽

Moderate Positive Correlation

Abstract Objectives Cervical component of thymus is noted more in children and young adults than in older age group. CT texture (lobules of soft tissue interspersed with fat), similarity with CT density of mediastinal thymus and continuity with mediastinal thymus on sagittal/coronal images, are given as the criteria for diagnosis of the cervical thymus. But CT densities of cervical and mediastinal components of the thymus may vary. The purpose of our study was to compare CT densities of cervical and mediastinal parts of the thymus, in cases where ultrasonography correlation was available. Methods We retrospectively identified 22 patients who had undergone CT between May 2015 and May 2017 and in whom ultrasonography (USG) correlation was available. CT densities of cervical and mediastinal components of thymus were measured. Results CT density of cervical thymus is lower than the CT density of mediastinal thymus by ~ 25 HU. There is a moderate positive correlation between CT densities of cervical and mediastinal parts of the thymus. CT densities of both cervical and mediastinal thymus were found to reduce with age, but the reduction was statistically significant only in the cervical thymus in this study. Conclusions CT densities of cervical and mediastinal components of the thymus may vary, with CT density of cervical thymus being lower. There is a positive correlation between CT densities of cervical and mediastinal parts of the thymus. CT density of cervical thymus reduces with age. Understanding these may help avoid confusion on CT and avoid the need for correlative USG, saving time and effort.

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Updated Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in the North East Region of Romania after 35 Years of Chernobyl Fallout. Is There a Link between?

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11050907 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 907

Author(s):

Laura Teodoriu ◽

Maria Christina Ungureanu ◽

Letitia Leustean ◽

Cristina Preda ◽

Delia Ciobanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Age Groups ◽

Chernobyl Fallout ◽

Statistical Correlations ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

East Region ◽

Radioactive Cloud ◽

The Moment

Thyroid cancer (TC) represents a worldwide problem, the consistent growth of the incidence increment issues about management of risk factors and curative treatment. Updated statistical data are not complete in the North East region of Romania and need to be improved. Therefore, through this study, we aim to renew the existing data on thyroid cancer. We conducted a retrospective study covering a period of 10 years. Data were collected from a hospital information system (InfoWorld) between 2009 and 2019. Patients’ age groups were stratified in relation with the age at the moment of the Chernobyl event. A database was obtained (Microsoft Excel) and statistical correlations were applied. In the studied period, 1159 patients were diagnosed: 968 females and 191 males, distributed by region, with the highest addressability in Iasi (529), followed by neighboring counties. Age distribution displayed that most of the thyroid cancers were in the range 4060 years old (50.94%), followed by 60–80 years old (32.41%). Most patients were diagnosed with papillary carcinoma 63.10%, then follicular 14.7%, medullary 6.74% and undifferentiated 1.02%. Romania was in the vicinity of the radioactive cloud at Chernobyl fallout, so we must deliberate whether the increased incidence of thyroid cancer in the age group 40–60 years is associated with radiogenicity (iodine 131) given the fact that over has 35 years and the half-life of other radioisotopes like Caesium-137 and Strontium -90 is completed.

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Reducing Loneliness: The Impact of Mindfulness, Social Cognitions, and Coping

Psychological Reports ◽

10.1177/0033294121997779 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003329412199777

Author(s):

Robin Besse ◽

Whitney K. Whitaker ◽

Laura A. Brannon

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Social Cognitions ◽

Age Group ◽

Coping Behaviors ◽

Current Health ◽

Current State ◽

And Coping ◽

Study Participants ◽

The Impact ◽

At Home

While many facets of loneliness have been explored, research examining the efficacy of loneliness interventions has been overlooked among young adults. The study of loneliness among young adults has become increasingly important considering the current state of isolation and stay-at-home orders issued to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Preliminary reports suggest an increase in loneliness as a result of the current health pandemic, especially among young adults, who have reported feeling lonelier than any other age group. Such findings warrant the study of ways to help reduce loneliness among young adults. The current study examined the efficacy of strategies that might be used to help young adults manage feelings of loneliness. Two hundred and seventy-eight young adults completed the study. Participants read one of four messages: mindfulness, social cognitions, coping behaviors, or a control. Participants in the mindfulness condition felt better equipped to manage future instances of loneliness and held better attitudes toward this intervention. The current research helps to advance understanding of effective ways of helping young adults cope with loneliness.

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Estimating effective infection fatality rates during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11127-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Christian Staerk ◽

Tobias Wistuba ◽

Andreas Mayr

Keyword(s):

Age Distribution ◽

Age Groups ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Temporary Increase ◽

International Studies ◽

Age Group ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Substantial Fraction ◽

Second Wave

Abstract Background The infection fatality rate (IFR) of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the most discussed figures in the context of this pandemic. In contrast to the case fatality rate (CFR), the IFR depends on the total number of infected individuals – not just on the number of confirmed cases. In order to estimate the IFR, several seroprevalence studies have been or are currently conducted. Methods Using German COVID-19 surveillance data and age-group specific IFR estimates from multiple international studies, this work investigates time-dependent variations in effective IFR over the course of the pandemic. Three different methods for estimating (effective) IFRs are presented: (a) population-averaged IFRs based on the assumption that the infection risk is independent of age and time, (b) effective IFRs based on the assumption that the age distribution of confirmed cases approximately reflects the age distribution of infected individuals, and (c) effective IFRs accounting for age- and time-dependent dark figures of infections. Results Effective IFRs in Germany are estimated to vary over time, as the age distributions of confirmed cases and estimated infections are changing during the course of the pandemic. In particular during the first and second waves of infections in spring and autumn/winter 2020, there has been a pronounced shift in the age distribution of confirmed cases towards older age groups, resulting in larger effective IFR estimates. The temporary increase in effective IFR during the first wave is estimated to be smaller but still remains when adjusting for age- and time-dependent dark figures. A comparison of effective IFRs with observed CFRs indicates that a substantial fraction of the time-dependent variability in observed mortality can be explained by changes in the age distribution of infections. Furthermore, a vanishing gap between effective IFRs and observed CFRs is apparent after the first infection wave, while an increasing gap can be observed during the second wave. Conclusions The development of estimated effective IFR and observed CFR reflects the changing age distribution of infections over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Further research is warranted to obtain timely age-stratified IFR estimates, particularly in light of new variants of the virus.

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Understanding pre- and syn-orogenic tectonic evolution in western Himalaya through age and petrogenesis of Palaeozoic and Cenozoic granites from upper structural levels of Bhagirathi Valley, NW India

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756821000789 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-27

Author(s):

Aranya Sen ◽

Koushik Sen ◽

Amitava Chatterjee ◽

Shubham Choudhary ◽

Alosree Dey

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Normal Fault ◽

Western Himalaya ◽

Indian Plate ◽

Low Grade ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

The North ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽

Structural Levels

Abstract The Himalaya is characterized by the presence of both pre-Himalayan Palaeozoic and syn-Himalayan Cenozoic granitic bodies, which can help unravel the pre- to syn-collisional geodynamics of this orogen. In the Bhagirathi Valley of Western Himalaya, such granites and the Tethyan Himalayan Sequence (THS) hosting them are bound to the south by the top-to-the-N extensional Jhala Normal Fault (JNF) and low-grade metapelite of the THS to its north. The THS is intruded by a set of leucocratic dykes concordant to the JNF. Zircon U–Pb laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) geochronology of the THS and one leucocratic dyke reveals that the two rocks have a strikingly similar age distribution, with a common and most prominent age peak at ~1000 Ma. To the north of the THS lies Bhaironghati Granite, a Palaeozoic two-mica granite, which shows a crystallization age of 512.28 ± 1.58 Ma. Our geochemical analysis indicates that it is a product of pre-Himalayan Palaeozoic magmatism owing to extensional tectonics in a back-arc or rift setting following the assembly of Gondwana (500–530 Ma). The Cenozoic Gangotri Leucogranite lies to the north of Bhaironghati Granite, and U–Pb dating of zircon from this leucogranite gives a crystallization age of 21.73 ± 0.11 Ma. Our geochemical studies suggest that the Gangotri Leucogranite is a product of muscovite-dehydration melting of the lower crust owing to flexural bending in relation to steepening of the subducted Indian plate. The leucocratic dykes are highly refracted parts of the Gangotri Leucogranite that migrated and emplaced along extensional fault zones related to the JNF and scavenged zircon from the host THS during crystallization.

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A first-year dornase alfa treatment impact on clinical parameters of patients with cystic fibrosis: the Brazilian cystic fibrosis multicenter study

Revista Paulista de Pediatria ◽

10.1590/s0103-05822013000400002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 420-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tatiana Rozov ◽

Fernando Antônio A. e Silva ◽

Maria Angélica Santana ◽

Fabíola Villac Adde ◽

Rita Heloisa Mendes

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Emergency Room ◽

Age Groups ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

First Year ◽

Age Group ◽

Emergency Room Visits ◽

Dornase Alfa ◽

Pulmonary Exacerbations ◽

One Year

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical impact of the first year treatment with dornase alfa, according to age groups, in a cohort of Brazilian Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients. METHODS: The data on 152 eligible patients, from 16 CF reference centers, that answered the medical questionnaires and performed laboratory tests at baseline (T0), and at six (T2) and 12 (T4) months after dornase alfa initiation, were analyzed. Three age groups were assessed: six to 11, 12 to 13, and >14 years. Pulmonary tests, airway microbiology, emergency room visits, hospitalizations, emergency and routine treatments were evaluated. Student's t-test, chi-square test and analysis of variance were used when appropriated. RESULTS: Routine treatments were based on respiratory physical therapy, regular exercises, pancreatic enzymes, vitamins, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and antibiotics. In the six months prior the study (T0 phase), hospitalizations for pulmonary exacerbations occurred in 38.0, 10.0 and 61.4% in the three age groups, respectively. After one year of intervention, there was a significant reduction in the number of emergency room visits in the six to 11 years group. There were no significant changes in forced expiratory volume in one second (VEF1), in forced vital capacity (FVC), in oxygen saturation (SpO2), and in Tiffenau index for all age groups. A significant improvement in Shwachman-Kulczychi score was observed in the older group. In the last six months of therapy, chronic or intermittent colonization by P. aeruginosa was detected in 75.0, 71.4 and 62.5% of the studied groups, respectively, while S. aureus colonization was identified in 68.6, 66.6 and 41.9% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment with dornase alfa promoted the maintenance of pulmonary function parameters and was associated with a significant reduction of emergency room visits due to pulmonary exacerbations in the six to 11 years age group, with better clinical scores in the >14 age group, one year after the intervention.

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DECREASING PREVALENCE OF THE ACUTE/SUBACUTE CLINICAL FORM OF PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS IN MATO GROSSO DO SUL STATE, BRAZIL

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652014000200006 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 121-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Larissa Rodrigues Fabris ◽

Úrsulla Vilella Andrade ◽

Aline Ferreira Dos Santos ◽

Ana Paula da Costa Marques ◽

Sandra Maria do Valle Leone de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Infection Prevalence ◽

Age Group ◽

Clinical Form ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽

Overall Mortality

With the objective to evaluate the behavior of paracoccidioidomycosis in the last three decades, clinical and epidemiological data of 595 patients admitted to clinical services of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul from 1980 to 2009 were investigated. Gender, age distribution, clinical form, comorbidity with tuberculosis or AIDS, and mortality were compared by decades of clinical admission. It was shown that during the three decades there was a decrease in women percentage, and the same manner occurred a reduction in participants in the age group of 20 to 39 years. Moreover, the acute/subacute forms have been diminished in the period. These fluctuations are closely related and can be simultaneously analyzed. Increased AIDS co-infection prevalence from the first to the second decade was also revealed, coinciding with the appearance of the retroviral epidemic and stabilizing during the third decade. No change in the tuberculosis co-infection rate was observed (overall = 6.9%). It reinforces the importance of this co-morbidity. The overall mortality rate remained steady at 6.7%, not varying significantly from one decade to another. The persistent mortality rate calls attention to the importance of this neglected disease.

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