scholarly journals Activation of ACC synthase 2/6 increases stomatal density and cluster on the Arabidopsis leaf epidermis during drought

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-zhu Jia ◽  
Ling-yun Liu ◽  
Chen Geng ◽  
Chun-peng Song ◽  
Jing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stomatal Lineage

AbstractIt is known that the transcription factor SPEECHLESS (SPCH) drives entry of epidermal cells into stomatal lineage, and that the activation of subtilisin-like protease SDD1 reduces stomatal density and cluster on the epidermis. However, there is still a big gap in our understanding of the relationship between stomatal development and the establishment of stomatal density and pattern, especially during drought. Interestingly, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) not only promotes stomatal development, but also is involved in the establishment of stomatal density and pattern. ACC generation comes from the activity of ACC synthase (ACS), while ACS activity could be mediated by drought. This work showed that the Arabidopsis SPCH activated ACS2/6 expression and ACC-dependent stomatal generation with an increase of stomatal density and cluster under drought conditions; and the possible mechanisms were that ACC-induced Ca2+ shortage in stomatal lineage reduced the inhibition of the transcription factor GT-2 Like 1 (GTL1) on SDD1 expression. These suggest that ACS2/6-dependent ACC accumulation integrated stomatal development with the establishment of stomatal density and pattern by mediating Ca2+ levels in stomatal lineage cells on the leaf epidermis, and this integration is directly related to the growth or survival of plants under escalated drought stress.HighlightACC synthase ACS2/6 activation integrated stomatal individual development with space setting between stomata by mediating Ca2+ levels in stomatal lineage on the leaf epidermis in response to drought.

scholarly journals Activation of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Synthases Sets Stomatal Density and Clustered Ratio on Leaf Epidermis of Arabidopsis in Response to Drought

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-zhu Jia ◽  
Ling-yun Liu ◽  
Chen Geng ◽  
Jing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Moderate Drought

The adjustment of stomatal density and clustered ratio on the epidermis is the important strategy for plants to respond to drought, because the stoma-based water loss is directly related to plant growth and survival under drought conditions. But the relevant adjustment mechanism still needs to be explored. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) is disclosed to promote stomatal development, while in vivo ACC levels depend on activation of ACC synthase (ACS) family members. Based on the findings of ACS expression involving in drought response and several ACS activity inhibitors reducing stomatal density and cluster in drought response, here we examined how ACS activation is involved in the establishment of stomatal density and cluster on the epidermis under drought conditions. Preliminary data indicated that activation of ACS2 and/or ACS6 (ACS2/6) increased stomatal density and clustered ratio on the Arabidopsis leaf epidermis by accumulating ACC under moderate drought, and raised the survival risk of seedlings under escalated drought. Further exploration indicated that, in Arabidopsis seedlings stressed by drought, the transcription factor SPEECHLESS (SPCH), the initiator of stomatal development, activates ACS2/6 expression and ACC production; and that ACC accumulation induces Ca2+ deficiency in stomatal lineage; this deficiency inactivates a subtilisin-like protease STOMATAL DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION 1 (SDD1) by stabilizing the inhibition of the transcription factor GT-2 Like 1 (GTL1) on SDD1 expression, resulting in an increases of stomatal density and cluster ratio on the leaf epidermis. This work provides a novel evidence that ACS2/6 activation plays a key role in the establishment of stomatal density and cluster on the leaf epidermis of Arabidopsis in response to drought.

The transcription factor ZmNAC49 reduces stomatal density and improves drought tolerance in maize

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Xiang ◽  
Xiujuan Sun ◽  
Xiangli Bian ◽  
Tianhui Wei ◽  
Tong Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Growth Development

Abstract Drought stress severely limits the growth, development, and productivity of crops, and therefore understanding the mechanisms by which plants respond to drought is crucial. In this study, we cloned a maize NAC transcription factor, ZmNAC49, and identified its function in response to drought stress. We found that ZmNAC49 is localized in the nucleus and has transcriptional activation activity. ZmNAC49 expression is rapidly and strongly induced by drought stress, and overexpression enhances stress tolerance in maize. Overexpression also significant decreases the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and stomatal density in maize. Detailed study showed that ZmNAC49 overexpression affects the expression of genes related to stomatal development, namely ZmTMM, ZmSDD1, ZmMUTE, and ZmFAMA. In addition, we found that ZmNAC49 can directly bind to the promoter of ZmMUTE and suppress its expression. Taken together, our results show that the transcription factor ZmNAC49 represses ZmMUTE expression, reduces stomatal density, and thereby enhances drought tolerance in maize.

scholarly journals Misregulation of MYB16 causes stomatal cluster formation by disrupting polarity in asymmetric cell division

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Li Yang ◽  
Ngan Tran ◽  
Meng-Ying Tsai ◽  
Chin-Min Kimmy Ho
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Leaf Morphogenesis ◽  
Stomatal Patterning ◽  
Stomatal Lineage

Stomata and leaf cuticle regulate water evaporation from the plant body and balance the trade-off between photosynthesis and water loss. We identified MYB16, a key transcription factor controlling cutin biosynthesis, from previous stomatal lineage ground cell (SLGC)-enriched transcriptome study. The preferential localization of MYB16 in SLGCs but not meristemoids suggests a link between cutin synthesis and stomatal development. Here, we showed that downregulation of MYB16 in meristemoids was directly mediated by the stomatal master transcription factor, SPEECHLESS (SPCH). The suppression of MYB16 before asymmetric division was crucial for stomatal patterning because overexpression or ectopic expression of MYB16 in meristemoids increased impermeability and elevated stomatal density and clusters. The aberrant pattern of stomata was due to reduced and disrupted establishment of polarity during asymmetric cell division. Manipulating polarity by growing seedlings on hard agar rescued stomatal clusters and polarity defects in MYB16 ectopic lines. By expressing a cutinase in MYB16 ectopic lines, stomatal clustering was reduced, which suggests that the ectopic accumulation of cuticle affects the polarity in asymmetrically dividing cells and causes clustered stomata. Taken together, inhibiting MYB16 expression by SPCH in early stomatal lineage is required to correctly place the polarity complex for proper stomatal patterning during leaf morphogenesis.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis MADS-box factor AGL16 negatively regulates drought resistance via stomatal density and stomatal movement

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (19) ◽  
pp. 6092-6106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Xia Zhao ◽  
Zi-Qing Miao ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Si-Yan Chen ◽  
Qian-Qian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Aba Metabolism

Abstract Drought is one of the most important environmental factors limiting plant growth and productivity. The molecular mechanisms underlying plant drought resistance are complex and not yet fully understood. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis MADS-box transcription factor AGL16 acts as a negative regulator in drought resistance by regulating stomatal density and movement. Loss-of-AGL16 mutants were more resistant to drought stress and had higher relative water content, which was attributed to lower leaf stomatal density and more sensitive stomatal closure due to higher leaf ABA levels compared with the wild type. AGL16-overexpressing lines displayed the opposite phenotypes. AGL16 is preferentially expressed in guard cells and down-regulated in response to drought stress. The expression of CYP707A3 and AAO3 in ABA metabolism and SDD1 in stomatal development was altered in agl16 and overexpression lines, making them potential targets of AGL16. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, transient transactivation, yeast one-hybrid, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we demonstrated that AGL16 was able to bind the CArG motifs in the promoters of the CYP707A3, AAO3, and SDD1 and regulate their transcription, leading to altered leaf stomatal density and ABA levels. Taking our findings together, AGL16 acts as a negative regulator of drought resistance by modulating leaf stomatal density and ABA accumulation.

scholarly journals MADS-box factor AGL16 negatively regulates drought resistance via stomatal density and stomatal movement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Xia Zhao ◽  
Zi-Qing Miao ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Qian-Qian Liu ◽  
Cheng-Bin Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Research Attention

ABSTRACTDrought is one of the most severe environmental factors limiting plant growth and productivity. Plants respond to drought by closing stomata to reduce water loss. The molecular mechanisms underlying plant drought resistance are very complex and yet to be fully understood. While much research attention has been focused on the positive regulation of stomatal closure, less is known about its negative regulation, equally important in this reversible process. Here we show that the MADS-box transcriptional factor AGL16 acts as a negative regulator in drought resistance by regulating both stomatal density and movement. Loss-of-function mutantagl16was more resistant to drought stress with higher relative water content, which was attributed to a reduced leaf stomatal density and more sensitive stomatal closure due to a higher leaf ABA level compared with wild type, whileAGL16overexpression lines displayed the opposite phenotypes.AGL16is preferentially expressed in guard cells and down regulated in response to drought stress. The expression ofCYP707A3andAAO3in ABA metabolism andSDD1in stomatal development was altered by AGL16 as shown inagl16and overexpression lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, transient transactivation, and yeast-one-hybrid assays demonstrated that AGL16 bound the CArG motif in the promoter of theCYP707A3,AAO3, andSDD1to regulate their transcription, and therefore alter leaf stomatal density and ABA level. Taken together, AGL16 acts as a negative regulator of drought resistance by modulating leaf stomatal density and ABA accumulation.

scholarly journals The NAC-type transcription factor OsNAC2 regulates ABA-dependent genes and abiotic stress tolerance in rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiabin Shen ◽  
Bo Lv ◽  
Liqiong Luo ◽  
Jianmei He ◽  
Chanjuan Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Late Embryogenesis Abundant ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Drought Conditions

Abstract Plants can perceive environmental changes and respond to external stressors. Here, we show that OsNAC2, a member of the NAC transcription factor family, was strongly induced by ABA and osmotic stressors such as drought and high salt. With reduced yields under drought conditions at the flowering stage, OsNAC2 overexpression lines had lower resistance to high salt and drought conditions. RNAi plants showed enhanced tolerance to high salinity and drought stress at both the vegetative and flowering stages. Furthermore, RNAi plants had improved yields after drought stress. A microarray assay indicated that many ABA-dependent stress-related genes were down-regulated in OsNAC2 overexpression lines. We further confirmed that OsNAC2 directly binds the promoters of LATE EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT 3 (OsLEA3) and Stress-Activated Protein Kinases 1 (OsSAPK1), two marker genes in the abiotic stress and ABA response pathways, respectively. Our results suggest that in rice OsNAC2 regulates both abiotic stress responses and ABA-mediated responses, and acts at the junction between the ABA and abiotic stress pathways.

scholarly journals Endolysosomal Cation Channels and MITF in Melanocytes and Melanoma

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1021
Author(s):  
Carla Abrahamian ◽  
Christian Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Cation Channels ◽  
Pore Channel ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Canonical Wnt ◽  
The Relationship

Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is the principal transcription factor regulating pivotal processes in melanoma cell development, growth, survival, proliferation, differentiation and invasion. In recent years, convincing evidence has been provided attesting key roles of endolysosomal cation channels, specifically TPCs and TRPMLs, in cancer, including breast cancer, glioblastoma, bladder cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma. In this review, we provide a gene expression profile of these channels in different types of cancers and decipher their roles, in particular the roles of two-pore channel 2 (TPC2) and TRPML1 in melanocytes and melanoma. We specifically discuss the signaling cascades regulating MITF and the relationship between endolysosomal cation channels, MAPK, canonical Wnt/GSK3 pathways and MITF.

scholarly journals Light regulates stomatal development by modulating paracrine signaling from inner tissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenqi Wang ◽  
Zimin Zhou ◽  
Rini Rahiman ◽  
Grace Sheen Yee Lee ◽  
Yuan Kai Yeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Light Signaling ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Paracrine Signaling ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Light Signals

AbstractDevelopmental outcomes are shaped by the interplay between intrinsic and external factors. The production of stomata—essential pores for gas exchange in plants—is extremely plastic and offers an excellent system to study this interplay at the cell lineage level. For plants, light is a key external cue, and it promotes stomatal development and the accumulation of the master stomatal regulator SPEECHLESS (SPCH). However, how light signals are relayed to influence SPCH remains unknown. Here, we show that the light-regulated transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), a critical regulator for photomorphogenic growth, is present in inner mesophyll cells and directly binds and activates STOMAGEN. STOMAGEN, the mesophyll-derived secreted peptide, in turn stabilizes SPCH in the epidermis, leading to enhanced stomatal production. Our work identifies a molecular link between light signaling and stomatal development that spans two tissue layers and highlights how an environmental signaling factor may coordinate growth across tissue types.

scholarly journals Light Quality Affects Water Use of Sweet Basil by Changing Its Stomatal Development

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Sungeun Lim ◽  
Jongyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Stomatal Responses

Different light qualities affect plant growth and physiological responses, including stomatal openings. However, most researchers have focused on stomatal responses to red and blue light only, and the direct measurement of evapotranspiration has not been examined. Therefore, we quantified the evapotranspiration of sweet basil under various red (R), green (G), and blue (B) combinations using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and investigated its stomatal responses. Seedlings were subjected to five different spectral treatments for two weeks at a photosynthetic photon flux density of 200 µmol m−2 s−1. The ratios of the RGB light intensities were as follows: R 100% (R100), R:G = 75:25 (R75G25), R:B = 75:25 (R75B25), R:G:B = 60:20:20 (R60G20B20), and R:G:B = 31:42:27 (R31G42B27). During the experiment, the evapotranspiration of the plants was measured using load cells. Although there were no significant differences in growth parameters among the treatments, the photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were higher in plants grown under blue LEDs (R75B25, R60G20B20, and R31G42B27) than in the R100 treatment. The amount of water used was different among the treatments (663.5, 726.5, 728.7, 778.0, and 782.1 mL for the R100, R75G25, R60G20B20, R75B25, and R31G42B27 treatments, respectively). The stomatal density was correlated with the blue light intensity (p = 0.0024) and with the combined intensity of green and blue light (p = 0.0029); therefore, green light was considered to promote the stomatal development of plants together with blue light. Overall, different light qualities affected the water use of plants by regulating stomatal conductance, including changes in stomatal density.

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