scholarly journals Quantifying the Inhibitory Impact of Soluble Phenolics on Carbon Mineralization from Sphagnum-rich Peatlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Cory ◽  
Jeffrey Chanton ◽  
Robert Spencer ◽  
Virginia Rich ◽  
Carmody McCalley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Anaerobic Incubation ◽  
C Mineralization ◽  
Soluble Phenolics ◽  
End Products ◽  
The Face

The mechanisms controlling the extraordinarily slow carbon (C) mineralization rates characteristic of Sphagnum -rich peatlands (“bogs”) remain somewhat elusive, despite decades of research on this topic. Soluble phenolic compounds have been invoked as potentially significant contributors to bog peat recalcitrance due to their affinity to slow microbial metabolism and cell growth. Despite this potentially significant role, the effects of soluble phenolic compounds on bog peat C mineralization remain unclear. We analyzed this effect by manipulating the concentration of free soluble phenolics in anaerobic bog peat incubations using water-soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a compound that binds with and inactivates phenolics, preventing phenolic-enzyme interactions. CO 2 and CH 4 production rates (end-products of C mineralization) correlated positively with PVP concentration following Michaelis-Menten (M.M.) saturation functions. Using M.M. parameters, we determined that soluble phenolics inhibit, at minimum, 57 ± 16% of total C (CO 2 +CH 4 ) mineralization in the anaerobic incubation conditions studied. These findings are consistent with other studies that have indicated that soluble phenolics play a significant role in regulating bog peat stability in the face of decomposition.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS ANDROMEDA POLYFOLIA AND ALCHEMILLA SUBCRENATA

2018 ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Максим (Maksim) Аркадьевич (Arkad'yevich) Живетьев (Zhivetyev) ◽  
Виктор (Viktor) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) Быбин (Bybin) ◽  
Елена (Elena) Викторовна (Viktorovna) Кочерыгина (Kocherygina) ◽  
Наталья (Natal'ya) Викторовна (Viktorovna) Семенова (Semenova) ◽  
Татьяна (Tat'yana) Егоровна (Egorovna) Путилина (Putilina) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
The Face ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Plants accumulate in their tissues powerful arsenal of protective substances necessary for survival in the face of abiotic environmental and in aggressive neighborhood with pathogenic bacteria and viruses. We examined the following kinds of medicinal plants: Alchemilla subcrenata and Polyfolia andromeda. Conducted chemical analyses of water and 40 and 70% alcohol extracts of these plants. The content of flavonoids was significantly greater in all ways of extraction of Alchemilla subcrenata compared to Andromeda polyfolia. To the extent the release of phenolic compounds and water-soluble sugars affected the presence of alcohol. From Andromeda polyfolia greater variety of phenolic compounds left in the water and 40% alcohol, and from Alchemilla subcrenata in 40% and 70% ethanol. Extracts compared on the effects on survival and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli XL1-Blue and Pectobacterium carotovorum. Found that extracts of plants studied have varying degrees of antimicrobial action. Alcohol extracts of Andromeda polyfolia suppressed the formation of biofilms of P. carotovorum and E. coli. All extracts of Alchemilla subcrenata stimulated bacterial growth and biofilm formation. The most effective proved to be 70% alcoholic extract of Alchemilla subcrenata.

scholarly journals The global impact of bacterial processes on carbon mass

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Ervens ◽  
Pierre Amato
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Microbial Processes ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Cloud Droplets ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Oh Reactions

Abstract. Many recent studies have identified biological material as a major fraction of ambient aerosol loading. A small fraction of these bioaerosols consist of bacteria that have attracted a lot of attention due to their role in cloud formation and adverse health effects. Current atmospheric models consider bacteria as inert quantities and neglect cell growth and multiplication. We provide here a framework to estimate the production of secondary biological aerosol (SBA) mass in clouds by microbial cell growth and multiplication. The best estimate of SBA formation rates of 3.7 Tg yr-1 are comparable to previous model estimates of the primary emission of bacteria into the atmosphere, and thus might represent a previously unrecognized source of biological aerosol material. We discuss in detail the large uncertainties associated with our estimates based on the rather sparse available data on bacteria abundance, growth conditions and properties. Additionally, the loss of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) due to microbial processes in cloud droplets has been suggested to compete under some conditions with WSOC loss by chemical (OH) reactions. Our estimates suggest that microbial and chemical processes might lead to a global loss of WSOC of 8–11 Tg yr-1 and 8–20 Tg yr-1, respectively. While also this estimate is very approximate, the analysis of the uncertainties and ranges of all parameters gives hints about the conditions under which microbial processes cannot be neglected as organic carbon sinks in clouds. Our estimates also highlight the urgent needs for more data concerning microbial concentrations, fluxes and activity in the atmosphere to evaluate the role of bacterial processes as net aerosol sink or source on various spatial and temporal scales.

scholarly journals Impact of Biochar Application on Carbon Dynamics and Fertility of Soils Over-fertilization with Compost

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Chi Tsai ◽  
Yu-Fang Chang
Keyword(s):  
Swine Manure ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
C Mineralization ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
The Impact

In Taiwan, farmers often apply excess compost to ensure adequate crop yield in highly frequent tillage, highly weathered, and lower fertility soils. The potential of biochar (BC) for diminishing soil C mineralization, and improving soil nutrient availability in compost over-fertilized soil is promising, but the study is still under-examined. To test the hypothesis, 434 days in vitro C mineralization kinetics of incubation experiment were conducted. Woody BC 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% (w/w) made of lead tree (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de. Wit) were added to an Oxisols, and two Inceptisols of Taiwan. In each treatment, 5% swine manure compost (2 times recommended amount) was added and served as the over-fertilized soil. The results indicated that soil type strongly influenced the impact of BC addition on soil carbon mineralization potential. Respiration per unit of total organic carbon (total mineralization coefficient, TMC) of three studied soils significantly decreased with BC addition increased. Principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that for retaining more plant nutrients in addition to the effects of carbon sequestration, it is recommended that farmer could use locally produced biochars and composts in highly weathered and highly frequent tillage soil. Adding 0.5%-1% woody BC in soil should be reasonable and appropriate.

scholarly journals Analysis of biochemical composition and antioxidant properties of nuts sold in the consumer marke

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
L. P. Nilova ◽  
S. M. Malyutenkova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Triton X

The results of studies of the biochemical composition and antioxidant properties of nuts sold in the consumer market of St. Petersburg were presented in the work. The objects of research were kernels of nuts: sweet almonds, hazelnuts, cashews, walnuts. Total Soxhlet lipids, fatty acid composition, vitamin E, fractional composition of tocopherols and phytosterols, total phenolic compounds and flavonoids, antioxidant activity by FRAP with ferric chloride, o-phenanthroline and Triton X 100 were determined in nuts. Nuts varied in lipid content (42.6–65.4%) with a predominance of unsaturated fatty acids from 80.4 to 92.4 relative%. Oleic acid prevailed in the fatty acids of almonds, hazelnuts and cashews, while linoleic acid prevailed in walnuts. Walnuts contained the highest amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The antioxidant properties of nuts were formed by a complex of water and fat-soluble antioxidants. Fat-soluble antioxidants included vitamin E with a predominance of ?-tocopherol in the kernels of sweet almonds and hazelnuts, ?-tocopherol - in walnuts and cashews. Only sweet almond kernels contained all the tocopherol fractions. ?- and ?-tocopherols were absent in hazelnut lipids, while ?-tocopherols were absent in cashews and walnuts. ?-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol with a predominance of ?-sitosterol were identified in the composition of phytosterols in all nut kernels. Water-soluble antioxidants are mainly represented by phenolic compounds, the amount of which varies widely depending on the type of nuts: cashews

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence and Bank Soundness: A Done Deal? - Part 1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charmele Ayadurai ◽  
Sina Joneidy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Bank Stability ◽  
The Face ◽  
Main Strand ◽  
Bank Soundness ◽  
The Way

Banks soundness plays a crucial role in determining economic prosperity. As such, banks are under intense scrutiny to make wise decisions that enhances bank stability. Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a significant role in changing the way banks operate and service their customers. Banks are becoming more modern and relevant in people’s life as a result. The most significant contribution of AI is it provides a lifeline for bank’s survival. The chapter provides a taxonomy of bank soundness in the face of AI through the lens of CAMELS where C (Capital), A(Asset), M(Management), E(Earnings), L(Liquidity), S(Sensitivity). The taxonomy partitions opportunities from the main strand of CAMELS into distinct categories of 1 (C), 6(A), 17(M), 16 (E), 3(L), 6(S). It is highly evident that banks will soon extinct if they do not embed AI into their operations. As such, AI is a done deal for banks. Yet will AI contribute to bank soundness remains to be seen.

scholarly journals Water-Soluble Pristine C60 Fullerene Inhibits Liver Alterations Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rat

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 794
Author(s):  
Halyna Kuznietsova ◽  
Natalia Dziubenko ◽  
Tetiana Herheliuk ◽  
Yuriy Prylutskyy ◽  
Eric Tauscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
C60 Fullerene ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Animal Survival ◽  
Inhibit Cell Growth ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Excessive production of reactive oxygen species is the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation and progression. Water-soluble pristine C60 fullerene is a powerful and non-toxic antioxidant, therefore, its effect under rat HCC model and its possible mechanisms were aimed to be discovered. Studies on HepG2 cells (human HCC) demonstrated C60 fullerene ability to inhibit cell growth (IC50 = 108.2 μmol), to induce apoptosis, to downregulate glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, to upregulate vimentin and p53 expression and to alter HepG2 redox state. If applied to animals experienced HCC in dose of 0.25 mg/kg per day starting at liver cirrhosis stage, C60 fullerene improved post-treatment survival similar to reference 5-fluorouracil (31 and 30 compared to 17 weeks) and inhibited metastasis unlike the latter. Furthermore, C60 fullerene substantially attenuated liver injury and fibrosis, decreased liver enzymes, and normalized bilirubin and redox markers (elevated by 1.7–7.7 times under HCC). Thus, C60 fullerene ability to inhibit HepG2 cell growth and HCC development and metastasis and to improve animal survival was concluded. C60 fullerene cytostatic action might be realized through apoptosis induction and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase downregulation in addition to its antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Soluble Phenolic Compounds in Different Cultivars of Red Clover and Alfalfa, and their Implication for Protection against Proteolysis and Ammonia Production in Ruminants

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle A. Kagan ◽  
Ben M. Goff ◽  
Michael D. Flythe
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Soluble Phenolics

Red clover ( Trifolium pratense) contains soluble phenolic compounds with roles in inhibiting proteolysis and ammonia production. Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa) has been found to have a low phenolic content, but few alfalfa and red clover cultivars have been compared for phenolic content. Total soluble phenolics were quantified by a Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric assay in nine red clover and 27 alfalfa cultivars. Mean total phenolic contents of red clover and alfalfa were 36.5 ± 4.3 mg/gdw and 15.8 ± 1.4 mg/gdw, respectively, with the greater standard deviation of red clover possibly indicating more diversity in phenolic content. Because different phenolic standards had different response factors in the colorimetric assay, the red clover and 11 alfalfa cultivars were analyzed by HPLC to determine if the differences in total soluble phenolics between genera reflected differences in the amounts of phenolics or in the classes of phenolics responding to the colorimetric assay. Two red clover cultivars differed in total phenolics and phaselic acid. Alfalfa produced different phenolic compounds from red clover, at lower concentrations. Extracts of two red clover cultivars were separated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and the bands were assayed for activity against Clostridium sticklandii, a bovine ruminal hyper ammonia-producing bacterium (HAB). Only biochanin A had anti-HAB activity. Inhibitory amounts indicated that five red clover cultivars could be suitable sources of anti-HAB activity.

Effect of water-soluble extract from antler of wapiti (Cervus elaphus) on the growth of fibroblasts

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Sunwoo ◽  
T. Nakano ◽  
J. S. Sim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Key Words Growth ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Water Soluble Extract ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Stimulation Of

The water-soluble extracts were prepared from the tip sections of antlers of 4-yr-old wapiti stags, and the effect of extract on the growth of bovine skin fibroblasts in culture was examined. The results showed the presence of growth promoting factor(s) in the antler extract. The stimulation of cell growth was found to be dose dependent (P < 0.05). Key words: Growth factor, antler, wapiti, fibroblast

Antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity of new water-soluble sulfur-containing phenolic compounds

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 644-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Zenkov ◽  
E. B. Menshchikova ◽  
N. V. Kandalintseva ◽  
A. S. Oleynik ◽  
A. E. Prosenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antiinflammatory Activity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Investigation of Machinability in Milling of Difficult-to-Cut Materials Using Water Soluble and Water Insoluble Cutting Oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 656-657 ◽  
pp. 308-313
Author(s):  
Makoto Nikawa ◽  
Masato Okada
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Hard Metal ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dry Cutting ◽  
Abrasion Test ◽  
The Face ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Cutting Point

The machinability of difficult-to-cut materials was evaluated during the milling process using water soluble and water insoluble cutting oils. The fundamental characteristics of the cutting oils were investigated by the pin-on-disk abrasion test. The machinability was evaluated by the tool flank wear, chip geometry, cutting force, and tool-flank temperature during milling. The tool-flank temperature was measured using a two-color pyrometer with an optical fiber. Workpiece materials consisting of stainless steel and a titanium alloy were used along with commercial cutting oils. From the results of the pin-on-disk abrasion test, the friction coefficients resulting from the application of various cutting oils to the face of the titanium alloy and WC-based hard metal were approximately the same value. The water soluble cutting oil had a higher coolability than the water insoluble cutting oil. From the results of the milling test, the water insoluble oil had a higher machinability of the difficult-to-cut materials than the water soluble cutting oil. The tool-flank temperature during wet cutting of the difficult-to-cut materials decreased by approximately 50–80 °C compared to dry cutting. However, no differences in the tool-flank temperature were observed between the water soluble and water insoluble cutting oils. The cutting force during wet cutting increased compared to dry cutting, most likely because the heating during cutting was reduced by supplying the cutting oil, and the material at the cutting point did not cause heat softening.

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