scholarly journals Multi-omics Analyses Provides Insight into the Biosynthesis Pathways of Fucoxanthin in Isochrysis galbana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duo Chen ◽  
Xue Yuan ◽  
XueHai Zheng ◽  
Jingping Fang ◽  
Gang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Divergence Time ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Isochrysis Galbana ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Omics Analysis ◽  
Family Analysis ◽  
Β Carotene

Isochrysis galbana is considered an ideal bait for functional foods and nutraceuticals in humans because of its high fucoxanthin (Fx) content. However, multi-omics analysis of the regulation networks for Fx biosynthesis in I. galbana has not been reported. In this study, we report a high-quality genome sequence of I. galbana LG007, which has a 92.73 Mb genome size, with a contig N50 of 6.99 Mb and 14,900 protein-coding genes. Phylogenomic inferences confirmed the monophyly of Haptophyta, with I. galbana sister to Emiliania huxleyi and Chrysochromulina tobinii. Evolutionary analysis revealed an estimated divergence time between I. galbana and E. huxleyi of ~ 133 million years ago (Mya). Gene family analysis indicated that lipid metabolism-related genes exhibited significant expansion, including IgPLMT, IgOAR1 and Δ-4 desaturase. Metabolome analysis showed that the content of carotenoid in I. galbana cultured under green light (7d-G) for 7 days was higher than that of white light (7d-W), and β-carotene was the main carotenoids, accounting for 79.09% of the total carotenoids. Comprehensive analysis of multi-omics analysis revealed that β-carotene, antheraxanthin, zeaxanthin and Fx content was increased by green light induction, which was significantly correlated with the expression of IgMYB98, IgZDS, IgPDS, IgLHCX2, IgZEP, IgLCYb, and IgNSY. These findings contribute to understanding Fx biosynthesis and its regulation, providing a valuable reference for food and pharmaceutical applications.

scholarly journals Insights into algae evolution for adapting to blue-green light garnered from the Isochrysis galbana genome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duo Chen ◽  
Xue Yuan ◽  
Xuehai Zheng ◽  
Jingping Fang ◽  
Gang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Isochrysis Galbana ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Domain Identification ◽  
Specific Complex

Isochrysis galbana is an important producer in the aquatic ecosystem because of its rich fucoxanthin content and fast growth. However, little is known about its evolutionary adaptation to live in a specific, complex and harsh environment. We report a high-quality genome sequence of I. galbana LG007, which has a 92.73 Mb genome size, a contig N50 of 6.99 Mb and 14,900 protein-coding genes. Phylogenomic inferences confirmed the monophyly of Haptophyta, showing I. galbana is a sister to E. huxleyi and C. tobinii. Evolutionary analysis revealed an estimated divergence of I. galbana from its close relative E. huxleyi ~133 million years ago, and I. galbana underwent one round of whole-genome duplication. Genes related to environmental adaptation and metabolic regulation in I. galbana were relatively conserved, but the basic transcriptional regulation toolkit for terrestrial plant development has been contracted or was not detected. The domain identification of one novel fucoxanthin biosynthesis gene that encodes diadinoxanthin-fucoxanthin hydroxylase (DFH) was investigated. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that I. galbana acquired several transcription factors specific to the control of pigment accumulation and production of LHCX2 to harvest blue-green light, which facilitates adaptation to the underwater environment. These findings provide new insights into the genomic characteristics of I. galbana and algae evolution for adaptation to blue-green light underwater.

scholarly journals Associations between antioxidants and all-cause mortality among US adults with obstructive lung function

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 1662-1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl S. Ford ◽  
Chaoyang Li ◽  
Timothy J. Cunningham ◽  
Janet B. Croft
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Β Carotene

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterised by oxidative stress, but little is known about the associations between antioxidant status and all-cause mortality in adults with this disease. The objective of the present study was to examine the prospective associations between concentrations of α- and β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, lycopene, Se, vitamin C and α-tocopherol and all-cause mortality among US adults with obstructive lung function. Data collected from 1492 adults aged 20–79 years with obstructive lung function in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988–94) were used. Through 2006, 629 deaths were identified during a median follow-up period of 14 years. After adjustment for demographic variables, the concentrations of the following antioxidants modelled as continuous variables were found to be inversely associated with all-cause mortality among adults with obstructive lung function: α-carotene (P= 0·037); β-carotene (P= 0·022); cryptoxanthin (P= 0·022); lutein/zeaxanthin (P= 0·004); total carotenoids (P= 0·001); vitamin C (P< 0·001). In maximally adjusted models, only the concentrations of lycopene (P= 0·013) and vitamin C (P= 0·046) were found to be significantly and inversely associated with all-cause mortality. No effect modification by sex was detected, but the association between lutein/zeaxanthin concentrations and all-cause mortality varied by smoking status (Pinteraction= 0·048). The concentrations of lycopene and vitamin C were inversely associated with all-cause mortality in this cohort of adults with obstructive lung function.

scholarly journals Quality characterization, phenolic and carotenoid content of new orange, cream and yellow-fleshed sweetpotato genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Lucimeire Pilon ◽  
Jaqueline S Guedes ◽  
Bruna S Bitencourt ◽  
Raphael Augusto de C Melo ◽  
Larissa PC Vendrame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Β Carotene

ABSTRACT Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) is a root crop grown in many countries. This tuberous root is a source of energy, nutrients, and phytochemicals. In this study, bioactive compounds and physical and physicochemical qualities of sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated. Eight new genotypes of sweetpotato produced by Embrapa Hortaliças (orange-fleshed: MD09026-OF and MD09024-OF; cream-fleshed: MD09011-CF, MD09004-CF, MD10039-CF, and MD10004-CF; yellow-fleshed: MD09017-YF and MD12002-YF) and two cultivars used as controls (Beauregard and Brazlândia Roxa) were evaluated for color, soluble solids, dry matter, phenolic compounds, total carotenoids and β-carotene. Hue angles differed even between those sweetpotatoes with the same flesh color. The orange-fleshed genotypes MD09024-OF, MD09026-OF, and Beauregard, had the lowest L*, showing to be darker than the others. These sweetpotatoes also had the brightest flesh colors with higher C*. The orange-fleshed genotypes MD09026-OF and MD09024-OF were sweeter (10.55oBrix and 9.23oBrix) than Beauregard (5.12oBrix). Brazlândia Roxa had the highest dry matter content (38.05%), followed by the genotypes MD10004-CF, MD09017-YF, MD09026-OF MD10039-CF, and MD09011-CF, which showed similarity, ranging from 32.33% to 29.12%. The highest contents of total carotenoids were found for the orange-fleshed genotypes MD09026-OF (80.06 mg g-1) and MD09024-OF (70.56 mg g-1) and Beauregard (73.12 mg g-1). These same genotypes showed the highest total phenolic compounds (0.815 mg g-1 and 0.686 mg g-1, respectively). MD09026-OF showed the highest content of β-carotene (46.47 mg g-1). MD09026-OF was the most prominent genotype among those evaluated, as it showed the highest total carotenoid, β-carotene, phenolic compounds, and soluble solids content, in addition to a high dry matter content.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes for five Dicliptera species (Acanthaceae): molecular structure, phylogenetic relationships, and adaptive evolution

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunan Huang ◽  
Xuejun Ge ◽  
Asunción Cano ◽  
Betty Gaby Millán Salazar ◽  
Yunfei Deng
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes

The genus Dicliptera (Justicieae, Acanthaceae) consists of approximately 150 species distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Newly obtained chloroplast genomes (cp genomes) are reported for five species of Dilciptera (D. acuminata, D. peruviana, D. montana, D. ruiziana and D. mucronata) in this study. These cp genomes have circular structures of 150,689–150,811 bp and exhibit quadripartite organizations made up of a large single copy region (LSC, 82,796–82,919 bp), a small single copy region (SSC, 17,084–17,092 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs, 25,401–25,408 bp). Guanine-Cytosine (GC) content makes up 37.9%–38.0% of the total content. The complete cp genomes contain 114 unique genes, including 80 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and four ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Comparative analyses of nucleotide variability (Pi) reveal the five most variable regions (trnY-GUA-trnE-UUC, trnG-GCC, psbZ-trnG-GCC, petN-psbM, and rps4-trnL-UUA), which may be used as molecular markers in future taxonomic identification and phylogenetic analyses of Dicliptera. A total of 55-58 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 229 long repeats were identified in the cp genomes of the five Dicliptera species. Phylogenetic analysis identified a close relationship between D. ruiziana and D. montana, followed by D. acuminata, D. peruviana, and D. mucronata. Evolutionary analysis of orthologous protein-coding genes within the family Acanthaceae revealed only one gene, ycf15, to be under positive selection, which may contribute to future studies of its adaptive evolution. The completed genomes are useful for future research on species identification, phylogenetic relationships, and the adaptive evolution of the Dicliptera species.

scholarly journals Intake of specific carotenoids and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
C. D'Arcy J. Holman ◽  
Colin W. Binns
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Risk ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use ◽  
Tea Drinking ◽  
Β Carotene

There has been considerable interest in the role of carotenoids in the chemoprevention of cancer. However, few studies have examined the association between intake of specific carotenoids and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer and the results for carotenoids have been inconclusive. To investigate whether the intake of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin, and lycopene is inversely associated with ovarian cancer risk, a case–control study was conducted in China during 1999–2000. The cases were 254 patients with histologically confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer and 652 age-matched controls were randomly recruited during the same period. Habitual dietary intake and lifestyle were collected by face-to-face interview using a validated and reliable FFQ. The US Department of Agriculture nutrient composition database was used to calculate the intake of specific carotenoids. Unconditional logistic regression analyses were used to estimate OR and 95 % CI, accounting for age, locality, education, BMI, smoking, tea drinking, parity, oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy, menopausal status, family history of ovarian cancer, physical activity and energy intake. Compared with the highest v. the lowest quartile of intake, the adjusted OR were 0·39 (95 % CI 0·23, 0·66) for α-carotene, 0·51 (95 % CI 0·31, 0·84) for β-carotene, 0·51 (95 % CI 0·31, 0·83) for β-cryptoxanthin, 0·45 (0·27, 0·76) for lutein and zeaxanthin, and 0·33 (95 % CI 0·20, 0·56) for total carotenoids, with statistically significant tests for trend. It is concluded that a higher intake of carotenoids can reduce the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.

scholarly journals Stability of Carotenoids in Dried Apricots (Prunus Armeniaca L.) During Storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Andreea POP ◽  
Andrea BUNEA ◽  
Florina COPACIU ◽  
Carmen SOCACIU ◽  
Adela PINTEA
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Photodiode Array Detection ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Geometrical Isomers ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Β Carotene

Apricots are well known for the high content of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamins and minerals. Several studies have pointed out the chemical composition or the biological effects of apricots, but limited information are available regarding the stability of active compounds during storage or processing. The aim of this study was to determine the stability of major carotenoids in commercial dried apricots during storage.Carotenoids were extracted monthly from dried apricots kept in a dark environment, at room temperature, for twelve months. Total carotenoids were determined using the spectrophotometric method while the most relevant carotenoids were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA) on a C30 column and using a gradient elution system.Initial carotenoid content of dried fruits was 6.72 mg/100g, while after six months of storage it decreased to 2.46 mg/100g. After twelve months of storage the total carotenoid content was 0.82 mg/100g, representing 20.35 % of the initial concentration. The major carotenoids identified in apricots were: all trans β-carotene, its geometrical isomers (9-cis-β-carotene; 13-cis-β-carotene; 9,13-di-cis β-carotene); β-carotene-5,8-epoxide; β-cryptoxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin palmitate. Significant decreases were observed for all pigments but all trans β-carotene appears to be the most sensitive pigment, with 15.7 % residual concentration. Although the concentrations of β-cryptoxanthin palmitate is small, it has shown significant increased stability compared to carotenes.

scholarly journals Effect of Thermal Processing on Carotenoids and Folate Changes in Six Varieties of Sweet Potato (Ipomoes batata L.)

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Pan ◽  
Yiming Sun ◽  
Fangyuan Zhang ◽  
Xinbo Guo ◽  
Zhihua Liao
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Thermal Process ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Thermal Impact ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Microbial Assay ◽  
Β Carotene

Carotenoids and folate are two mandatory supplying micronutrients for children or pregnant women. Inadequate intake of these two nutrients was relevant to a higher mortality of both children and pregnancies. This study is intended to investigate the thermal impact on the changes of carotenoids and folate in sweet potato roots (SPRs). Carotenoids were identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) while the folate was estimated using a microbial assay. An obvious decline was observed in total carotenoids after heating. Nevertheless, the content of provitamin compound β-carotene exhibited incredible stability during steaming and α-carotene multiplied in certain varieties, evidencing that SPRs could be an efficient way for addressing Vitamin A deficiency (VAD). As for the total folate contents, two varieties were found no significant loss after thermal process while the others showed a significant decrease. The results indicated that steaming process led to generally loss of both carotenoids and folate while the α-carotene and β-carotene were well preserved. The information provided by this study might help with enhancing the food quality in processing industry and the understanding in the nutrition changes during steaming.

Effect of Aeration on the Production of Carotenoid Pigments by Rhodotorula rubra-lactobacillus casei Subsp. casei Co-Cultures in Whey Ultrafiltrate

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilina D. Simova ◽  
Ginka I. Frengova ◽  
Dora M. Beshkova
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Rhodotorula Rubra ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Carotene Synthesis

Under intensive aeration (1.3 l/l min) the associated growth of Rhodotorula rubra GED2 and Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei in cheese whey ultrafiltrate (55 g lactose/l) proceeded effectively for both cultures with production of maximum carotenoids (12.4 mg/l culture fluid). For maximum amount of carotenoids synthesized in the cell, the yeast required more intensive aeration than the aeration needed for synthesis of maximum concentration of dry cells. Maximum concentration of carotenoids in the cell (0.49 mg/g dry cells) was registered with air flow rate at 1.3 l/l min, and of dry cells (27.0 g/l) at 1.0 l/l min. An important characteristic of carotenogenesis by Rhodotorula rubra GED2 + Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei was established - the intensive aeration (above 1.0 l/l min) stimulated β-carotene synthesis (60% of total carotenoids).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity in Pumpkin Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2092098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Muhammad Khalid Abbas ◽  
He-Xun Huang ◽  
Wen-Jie Huang ◽  
Shu-Dan Xue ◽  
Shi-Juan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Β Carotene

Cucurbita species ( Cucurbita moschata and Cucurbita maxima) are rich sources of nutrients, especially carotenoids and carbohydrates. Metabolites in pulps of C. moschata and C. maxima lines were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Our results revealed that glucose and sucrose were the dominant sugars in C. maxima and C. moschata, respectively. A correlation was found between Brix percentage and sucrose levels as compared with glucose and fructose. A greater amount of myo-inositol had accumulated in C. moschata lines compared with C. maxima. Conversely, total carotenoids and antioxidant activity were found to be higher in C. maxima lines than in C. moschata. A strong correlation of glucose, fructose, and sucrose with β-carotene and violaxanthin revealed that it will be difficult to develop pumpkin cultivars with both high inositol and carotenoid levels. In conclusion, the composition of carbohydrates and carotenoids was more diverse in C. moschata lines than in C. maxima lines. Our results will contribute to a better understanding of metabolite changes in the fruits of these as well as other pumpkin species.

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