Detection of classic and cryptic Strongyloides genotypes by deep amplicon sequencing: A preliminary survey of dog and human specimens collected from remote Australian communities

AbstractStrongyloidiasis is caused by the human infective nematodes Strongyloides stercoralis, Strongyloides fuelleborni subsp. fuelleborni and Strongyloides fuelleborni subsp. kellyi. The zoonotic potential of S. stercoralis and the potential role of dogs in the maintenance of strongyloidiasis transmission has been a topic of interest and discussion for many years. In Australia, strongyloidiasis is prevalent in remote socioeconomically disadvantaged communities in the north of the continent. Being an isolated continent that has been separated from other regions for a long geological period, description of the diversity of Australian Strongyloides genotypes adds to our understanding of the genetic diversity within the genus. Using PCR enrichment combined with Illumina sequencing technology, we sequenced the Strongyloides SSU 18S rDNA hyper-variable I and hyper-variable IV regions using Strongyloides-specific primers, and a fragment of the mtDNA cox1 gene using primers that are broadly specific for Strongyloides sp. and hookworms. These loci were amplified from DNA extracted from Australian human and dog faeces, and one human sputum sample. Using this approach, we confirm for the first time that potentially zoonotic S. stercoralis genotypes are present in Australia, suggesting that dogs represent a potential reservoir of human strongyloidiasis in remote Australian communities.Author summaryStrongyloides stercoralis is a soil-transmitted nematode that causes the disease strongyloidiasis. Due to the autoinfective nature of this parasite, it can re-infect a host causing chronic infection. If not diagnosed and treated it can be highly detrimental to human health and has a high mortality rate. Strongyloidiasis is common in remote communities in the north of Australia and has been an issue for decades. Despite various successful intervention programs to treat human strongyloidiasis, the disease remains endemic in those communities. Here for the first time we looked at the Australian dogs’ potential to infect humans and found that they carry two genetically distinct strains of Strongyloides spp., one of which also infects humans. This supports the hypothesis that dogs are a potential source for human strongyloidiasis. We also found that dogs in Australia might be carrying unique haplotypes. Whether these new haplotypes are also human infective is to be confirmed by further research.

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Secondary convective rings in an intense asymmetric cyclone of the Bay or Bengal

MAUSAM ◽

10.54302/mausam.v48i2.4010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 273-282

Author(s):

AKHILESH GUPTA ◽

U. C. MOHANTY

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

East Coast ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

North Indian Ocean ◽

Wall Structure ◽

Sea Level Pressure ◽

Cyclonic Storm ◽

The North ◽

First Time

ABSTRACT. The severe cyclonic storm with a core of hurricane winds of 4-11 May 1990, which crossed the Indian east coast near Machilipatnarn (Andhra Pradesh), was one of the most intense cyclones in recent years over the Bay of Bengal region of the north Indian Ocean. The storm reported the minimum sea level pressure of 912 hPa, the lowest observed value for any cyclone in the region. The storm exhibited certain interesting structural characteristics. The most striking feature observed was the formation of secondary convective rings wrapped around the primary eyewall. These features were observed for nearly two days by four cyclone detection radars (CDR) located on the east coast of India. The paper presents an analysis of these features. We find that the double eye-wall structure of the storm has undergone a repetitive cycle characterized by the contraction of the outer eyewall and the weakening of the inner eyewall during the life of the cyclone. These interesting characteristics are observed for the first time in the north Indian Ocean for any cyclone. Some of the related aspects of double eyewall features, such as, the possible role of double eyewall structure on the recurvature or turning of the storm and the effect of land obstacle in the development of a secondary eyewall are discussed.

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Study of Oil in the North of Russia by the Geological Committee at the End of the 19th Century – the Beginning of the 20th Century

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/937/4/042082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 937 (4) ◽

pp. 042082

Author(s):

T P Filippova

Keyword(s):

Field Studies ◽

The Arctic ◽

Russian Science ◽

The North ◽

New Information ◽

Wide Range ◽

Northern Territories ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

First Time

Abstract The article draws attention to the study of the historical experience of Russian science in the development of the Arctic and northern territories of Russia. Based on a wide range of archival and published sources, the role of the Geological Committee in the scientific study of the Ukhta oil-bearing region is analyzed. The chronological framework of the study covers the period of the organization’s activity from 1882 to 1929. The field studies carried out by the Geological Committee which started during this period in the Ukhta region are considered in detail. As a result of this activity, this territory was comprehensively studied for the first time, including a detailed geological survey, the search for oil deposits, and an assessment of its industrial potential. It has been determined that as a result of the surveys of the Geological Committee, new information about the features of the geological and orographic structure of the region was obtained and the oil-bearing potential was proved. It has been concluded that the research of the scientists of the committee laid a fundamental basis for the study of the Ukhta oil-bearing region and predetermined its further development history and great significance for the state.

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National and cultural activities of the Tatar diaspora in the North Western China in the first half of the XX century: theater and string orchestra

10.47370/2078-1024-2020-12-4-60-64 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 60-64

Author(s):

G.N. Khisamieva

Keyword(s):

Local Population ◽

Northwest China ◽

Western China ◽

String Orchestra ◽

The North ◽

Cultural Life ◽

The People ◽

History Of ◽

First Time

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the national and cultural life of the Tatar diaspora in the Northwest China has not been the subject of the research. The research interest is also caused by the fact that the history of the formation and development of the Tatar diaspora, every day, spiritual, educational and cultural life has not been studied at all and is of particular interest to researchers. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the article examines the process of formation of Tatar theaters and string orchestras in the cities of Kuldzha and Chuguchak for the first time, where the bulk of Tatar emigrants lived. Particular attention was paid to the role of Tatar theaters in the life of indigenous and visiting peoples of the XUAR of the PRC. The purpose of the work is to study and systematize the national and cultural life of the Tatars of Xinjiang. As a result of the study, it can be concluded that the creation of theaters and string orchestras has contributed to the rallying of the Tatars, as well as the preservation of the native language, literature, traditions, culture and identity of the people, which is also a very important factor in preserving identity among the local population of Xinjiang.

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The Role of Public Opinion in the “Jackson Era” in the USA

10.12737/monography_5d4d1982beaae9.65139544 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Татьяна Алентьева ◽

Tat'yana Alent'eva

Keyword(s):

Public Opinion ◽

Presidential Election ◽

Political History ◽

The State ◽

Political Life ◽

The South ◽

The North ◽

The Usa ◽

First Time

The monograph first explores American public opinion as the most important factor in social and political life in the "Jackson era." Of particular value is the study of the struggle of opinions within the bipartisan system, both in the South and in the North. Against the background of a broad canvas of socio-economic and political history, the first analysis of the state and development of public opinion in the USA is given, successively from the presidential election of 1824 to the defeat of the Democrats in the presidential election of 1840, when their opponents, the Whigs, came to power for the first time.

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Orchidaceae Juss. in Flora of Chechnya and Their Protection

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v4i14.5712 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

E L Tasueva ◽

R S Magomadova ◽

A S Abdurzakova ◽

A M Umaeva ◽

Z I Shakhgirieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetation Cover ◽

Family Members ◽

Common Species ◽

Raw Material ◽

North Caucasus ◽

The North ◽

The Family ◽

Protected Plants ◽

First Time

For the first time, perennial materials on the Orchidacaeae Juss. family of Chechnya are summarizedб consisting of 15 families and 29 species. The largest genus in the family – Orchis L. is represented by 8 species. The article presents information that all members of the family are protected plants listed in the Red Book of Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan, and the Stavropol Territory. Some species are not included in the list of plants to be protected, including those species that have underground tuberoids and can serve as a source of salep (for instance, Platanthera bifolia, P. chlorantha, Herminium monorchis, Traunsteinera sphaerica, Dactylorhisa incarnata, D. salina, D. urvilleana). In this connection, data on the resources of family members and the potential possibilities of their use as a medicinal raw material are of interest. We have carried out resource studies of the most common species of Orchis tridentata Scop, within the North Caucasus. The obtained data allow us to expand our understanding of the species role of Orchidaceae Juss family. Пoлyчeнныe дaнныe пoзBoляют pacшиpить пpeдcтaBлeниe o poли BидoB ceмeйcтBa Orchidaceae Juss. of the North Caucasus flora in the composition of vegetation cover.

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Origin of Sovereignty and Boundaries of Royal Prerogative in Tory Political Controversy in Great Britain in Last Third of 18th Century

Nauchnyy dialog ◽

10.24224/2227-1295-2021-9-324-341 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 324-341

Author(s):

V. V. Klochkov ◽

V. S. Nazarova

Keyword(s):

Great Britain ◽

Political Ideology ◽

Special Kind ◽

American Colonies ◽

The North ◽

Integral Role ◽

The Stability ◽

First Time ◽

George Iii

The discourse on the nature and boundaries of royal sovereignty, which unfolded with the coming to power of George III in Great Britain, is considered. The key features and changes in the constitutional views of the Tories that took shape in the 60—90s of the 18th century are examined in the article. The relevance of the study lies in determining the nature and role of the discourse under study in the formation of a new Tory identity, concentrating on the integral role of the monarch. The novelty of the research lies in the emphasis on the religious component of this discourse, as well as in the use of church sermons as a special kind of source. At the same time, some excerpts of sermons are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. It is emphasized that during the period under study, the Tory party did not have a political ideology, and the current policy was influenced by fears about the stability of the English constitution associated with the events in the North American colonies. The validity of the cautious approaches of the supporters of the critical direction in modern British historiography to the assessment of Tory identity in the last third of the 18th century is shown. The author’s assessment of how Toryism of the 60—90s of the 18th century reinterprets the experience of the “old Tories”, combining traditional respect for the royal prerogative with the recognition of the rights and privileges of parliament.

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Individual copy number variation and extensive diversity between major MHC-DAB1 allelic lineages in the European bitterling

Immunogenetics ◽

10.1007/s00251-021-01251-4 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Lorenzo Talarico ◽

Anna Bryjová ◽

Dagmar Čížková ◽

Karel Douda ◽

Martin Reichard

Keyword(s):

Balancing Selection ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Synonymous Mutations ◽

Allelic Lineages ◽

Histocompatibility Complex ◽

Number Variation ◽

Long Time ◽

Host Parasite ◽

First Time

AbstractPolymorphism of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), DAB1 gene was characterized for the first time in the European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus), a freshwater fish employed in studies of host-parasite coevolution and mate choice, taking advantage of newly designed primers coupled with high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Across 221 genotyped individuals, we detected 1–4 variants per fish, with 28% individuals possessing 3–4 variants. We identified 36 DAB1 variants, and they showed high sequence diversity mostly located within predicted antigen-binding sites, and both global and codon-specific excess of non-synonymous mutations. Despite deep divergence between two major allelic lineages, functional diversity was surprisingly low (3 supertypes). Overall, these findings suggest the role of positive and balancing selection in promotion and long-time maintenance of DAB1 polymorphism. Further investigations will clarify the role of pathogen-mediated selection to drive the evolution of DAB1 variation.

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Roland and Crusade Imagery in an English Royal Chapel: early thirteenth-century wall paintings in Claverley church, Shropshire

The Antiquaries Journal ◽

10.1017/s0003581512000091 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 92 ◽

pp. 129-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christopher Barrett

Keyword(s):

Thirteenth Century ◽

Early Years ◽

Historical Background ◽

The North ◽

The Status ◽

North Wall ◽

First Time ◽

The Church

A frieze of mounted knights, over 15m long, dominates the nave of the church of All Saints, Claverley, Shropshire. It is part of an extensive mural scheme from the first quarter of the thirteenth century. For the first time the status of Claverley as a Royal Chapel is recognized and the royal and crusading character of the imagery is discussed. The emperors Constantine and Heraclius are identified as part of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross subject on the north wall, and the Holy Cross is suggested as the unifying theme, pre-dating the Florentine mural cycle by Agnolo Gaddi by some 170 years. Claverley is also shown to have the only medieval mural of Roland, hero of the Chanson de Roland, to survive in situ. The historical background of the early years of Henry iii is examined and the possible role of Ranulf de Blondeville, earl of Chester, in commissioning the frieze is considered.

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The role of extensional detachment systems in thinning the crust and exhuming granulites: analogies between the offshore Le Danois High and the onshore Labourd Massif in the Biscay/Pyrenean rifts

BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin ◽

10.1051/bsgf/2021045 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Patricia Cadenas ◽

Rodolphe Lescoutre ◽

Gianreto Manatschal ◽

Gabriela Fernández-Viejo

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Hanging Wall ◽

Field Observations ◽

Detachment Faults ◽

The North ◽

Brittle Ductile Transition ◽

Crustal Thinning ◽

Seismic Reflection Profiles ◽

First Time

Large uncertainties remain about the architecture, timing and role of the structures responsible for high degrees of crustal thinning and the exhumation of mid-crustal granulites in the Pyrenean and Biscay rift systems. Both, Le Danois High in the North Iberian margin and the Labourd Massif in the Western Pyrenees preserve evidence of extensional detachment faults and include exhumed granulites, which are locally reworked in syn-rift sediments. In this study, we compare the crustal structure and their link to the overlying sediments at the two sites based on the interpretation of high quality 2D seismic reflection profiles offshore and field observations and published geological cross-sections onshore. New reported seismic and field observations support the interpretation that the Le Danois High and the Labourd Massif are capped by extensional detachment systems, advocating for a similar tectonic evolution of the two sites. We propose that the two detachment systems were responsible for high degrees of crustal thinning and the exhumation of the pre-rift brittle-ductile transition and associated mid-crustal granulites during Aptian to Cenomanian extension, leading to the formation of the Le Danois and Labourd crustal tapers. Tilted and uplifted during the Alpine convergence, the two basement blocks lay at present in the hanging-wall of major Alpine thrusts. Their position at overlapping, en-echelon hyperextended rift segments at the end of rifting, and the occurrence of shortcutting structures linking neighbouring rift segments, can explain the preservation of the rift-related detachment systems. This study not only proposes for the first time analogies between the offshore Le Danois High and the onshore Labourd Massif, but it also demonstrates the importance of extensional detachment systems in thinning the crust and exhuming mid-crustal granulites at the seafloor in the Biscay and Pyrenean domains during Aptian to Cenomanian extension.

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Crustal and deep seismicity in Italy (30 years after)

Annals of Geophysics ◽

10.4401/ag-3839 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

Author(s):

A. Amato ◽

C. Chiarabba ◽

G. Selvaggi

Keyword(s):

Tectonic Setting ◽

Seismic Energy ◽

Benioff Zone ◽

The North ◽

Crustal Earthquakes ◽

Short Period ◽

Earthquake Generation ◽

Deep Seismicity ◽

First Time

The first modern studies of seismicity in Italy date back to the late 60's and early 70's. Although with a sparse seismic network available and only a few telemetered short-period stations, significant studies were carried out that outlined the main features of Italian seismicity (see, e.g., Boschi et al., 1969). Among these studies, one of the most important achievements was the reconnaissance of a Wadati-Benioff zone in Southern Tyrrhenian, described for the first time in detail in the papers of Caputo et al.(1970, 1973). Today, after three decades of more and more detailed seismological monitoring of the Italian region and tens of thousands earthquakes located since then, the knowledge of the earthquake generation processes in our country is much improved, although some of the conclusions reached in these early papers still hold. These improvements were made possible by the efforts of many institutions and seismologists who have been working hard to bring seismological research in Italy to standards of absolute quality, under the pivoting role of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica (ING). From the relocation of about 30000 crustal earthquakes and detailed studies on intermediate and deep shocks carried out in the last few years, we show that seismic release in peninsular Italy is only weakly related to the Africa-Eurasia convergence, but rather is best explained by the existence of two separate subduction/collision arcs (Northern Apennines and Southern Apennines-Calabria-Sicily). The width of the deforming belt running along peninsular Italy is 30 to 60 km, it is broader in the north than in the south, and the two arcs are separated by a region of more distributed deformation and stress rotations in the Central Apennines. Along the belt, the reconnaissance of regions of continuous and weak release of seismic energy, adjacent to fault areas which are currently «locked» (and therefore are the best candidates for future earthquakes) is another recent important achievement of the prolonged detailed seismic monitoring of our territory, which will provide in the future more and more precise indications of where earthquakes will strike. In addition, the accurate location of hundreds of intermediate and deep earthquakes beneath the two arcs has recently provided (together with seismic tomography results) new hints on the tectonic setting of Italy and its evolution over time, on the relations between deep processes and crustal stress, and ultimately on the mechanisms of earthquake generation in our country.

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