HIV advances will fail to reduce global burden for now

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
Successful Design ◽  
Aids Therapy ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hiv Aids

Subject The implications of advances on HIV therapies. Significance A first-stage clinical trial on treating HIV and AIDS published its results in April. It showed that the use of a therapeutic antibody -- 3BNC117 -- against HIV/AIDS may be effective, safe and well-tolerated in humans. This demonstrates the potential of neutralising antibodies against HIV/AIDS and proves for the first time the feasibility of an antibody-based HIV/AIDS therapy. Impacts The less frequent dosage schedule of 3BNC117 might increase treatment compliance, reducing overall HIV transmission. The successful design of protective antibodies may have the capacity to confer protection against HIV in healthy individuals for life. This would effectively create an HIV vaccine, transforming HIV care worldwide.

scholarly journals Burden of Suicidal Ideation and Attempt among Persons Living with HIV and AIDS in Semiurban Uganda

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfrey Zari Rukundo ◽  
Brian Leslie Mishara ◽  
Eugene Kinyanda
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
State Anger ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Considerable Morbidity ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

Although the impact of HIV/AIDS has changed globally, it still causes considerable morbidity and mortality, including suicidality, in countries like Uganda. This paper describes the burden and risk factors for suicidal ideation and attempt among 543 HIV-positive attending two HIV specialized clinics in Mbarara municipality, Uganda. The rate of suicidal ideation was 8.8% (n=48; 95% CI: 6.70–11.50) and suicidal attempt was 3.1% (17, 95% CI 2.00–5.00). The factors associated with increased risk for suicidal ideation and attempts were state anger (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03–1.09;p=0.001); trait anger (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04–1.16,p=0.002); depression (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07–1.20,p=0.001); hopelessness (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02–1.23,p=0.024); anxiety (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03–1.09); low social support (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.07–0.47,p=0.001); inability to provide for others (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.07–0.47,p=0.001); and stigma (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.11–5.54,p=0.027). At multivariate analysis, only state anger remained statistically significant. HIV/AIDS is associated with several clinical, psychological, and social factors which increase vulnerability to suicidal ideation and attempts. Making suicide risk assessment and management an integral part of HIV care is warranted.

scholarly journals THE PERCEPTION OF POST-PARTUM WOMEN WITH HIV / AIDS ABOUT PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT IN BANDUNG CITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nunung Nurhayati ◽  
Lia Juniarni ◽  
Mimin Sumiati
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
The Family ◽  
Women With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

About 17 million women around the world aged 15-49 years are infected with HIV and AIDS. HIV / AIDS is transmitted from mother to baby during pregnancy, intra-natal, postnatal and it is a cause of death. In 2015, HIV transmission occurred in more than 38,500 children born to HIV-positive women. Transmission of HIV / AIDS from mother to baby during labor can be prevented by ARV therapy. The psychological aspects of postpartum women with HIV / AIDS include fear, shame, and a higher risk of depression compared to normal postpartum. Social support is needed by individuals in the situation. The participants in this study were 6 people. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with the inclusion criteria for post-partum women with HIV / AIDS who routinely controlled treatment. The results of the study found the theme of psychosocial support from the closest person consisted of 3 categories, namely psychological support from the family, support from fellow friends with HIV / AIDS and support in undergoing treatment. Conclusions from the results of the study found new insights that post-partum women with HIV / AIDS had accumulated feeling from the process of HIV / AIDS. Support is needed from the people closest to the family and support from fellow friends with HIV / AIDS, to prevent continuing into the desperation stage that results in death.Keywords: HIV / AIDS, Physiological support, Perception, postpartum-women.

HIV Psychiatry—A Paradigm for Integrated Care

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Cohen ◽  
Michael J. Mugavero ◽  
Elise Hall
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Care ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Medically Ill ◽  
Stigma Of Mental Illness ◽  
Hiv Aids

Psychiatric factors play a significant role in the transmission and perpetuation of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic. In less than four decades, competent HIV medical care and research transformed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) from a rapidly fatal illness of unknown cause into a chronic manageable illness. These vast strides made in the care of persons with HIV have not been matched in the prevention of HIV transmission or in the psychiatric care of persons with HIV/AIDS. Although AIDS is an entirely preventable infectious illness, HIV transmission continues throughout the world. HIV transmission of HIV is fueled by the stigma of mental illness and of HIV, as well as discrimination, criminalization, and risky behaviors. A comprehensive biopsychosocial approach to sexual health and mental health and diminution of stigma is essential to both HIV prevention and HIV care. This chapter introduces the concept of HIV/AIDS as “the great magnifier of maladies” as it traces the history of HIV psychiatry, explores the paradoxes and disparities of HIV care, explains how HIV psychiatry is a paradigm for the psychiatric care of the medically ill (psychosomatic medicine), and sets the stage for an understanding of how integrated care can prevent transmission of HIV and decrease morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV.

Analysing the impact of migration on HIV/AIDS cases using epidemiological models (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofosuhene Apenteng ◽  
Prince P Osei ◽  
Noor Azina Ismail ◽  
Aline Chiabai
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Dynamical Behaviour ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Mcmc Methods ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Hiv Aids

UNSTRUCTURED In this paper, we present the impact of migration on the spread of HIV/AIDS. A simple model for HIV and AIDS that incorporates migration and addresses its contributions to the spread of HIV and AIDS cases was constructed. The model was calibrated to HIV and AIDS incidence data from Malaysia. The epidemiological parameters were estimated using MCMC methods. Among the migrant population, 1.5572e-01 were susceptible to HIV transmission, which constituted 67801 migrants. A proportion of migrants, 6.3773e-04 were estimated to be HIV infected, constituting 278 migrants. There were 72 (per 10000) migrants estimated to have had AIDS, representing a proportion of 1.6611e-08. The result suggest that the disease-free steady state was unstable because the basic reproduction number was 2.0906 and 1.4861 for the models without and with migration, respectively. Based on the findings, this is not a good indicator from the public health point of view, as the aim is to stabilize the epidemic at the disease-free equilibrium. The models analysed considerably well reflected the dynamical behaviour of the HIV epidemic field data in Malaysia. We recommend that a national programme should be implemented by the government in collaboration with the Malaysian Immigration Department to reduce HIV/AIDS transmission by more closely monitoring migrant activities. It is our view that the models would be useful to tackle other problems, other diseases.

scholarly journals Estimating the HIV undiagnosed population in Catalonia, Spain: descriptive and comparative data analysis to identify differences in MSM stratified by migrant and Spanish-born population

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e018533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Maria Reyes-Urueña ◽  
Colin N J Campbell ◽  
Núria Vives ◽  
Anna Esteve ◽  
Juan Ambrosioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Retention In Care ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Care Cascade ◽  
Care Cascade ◽  
Undiagnosed Hiv ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

ObjectiveUndiagnosed HIV continues to be a hindrance to efforts aimed at reducing incidence of HIV. The objective of this study was to provide an estimate of the HIV undiagnosed population in Catalonia and compare the HIV care cascade with this step included between high-risk populations.MethodsTo estimate HIV incidence, time between infection and diagnosis and the undiagnosed population stratified by CD4 count, we used the ECDC HIV Modelling Tool V.1.2.2. This model uses data on new HIV and AIDS diagnoses from the Catalan HIV/AIDS surveillance system from 2001 to 2013. Data used to estimate the proportion of people enrolled, on ART and virally suppressed in the HIV care cascade were derived from the PISCIS cohort.ResultsThe total number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Catalonia in 2013 was 34 729 (32 740 to 36 827), with 12.3% (11.8 to 18.1) of whom were undiagnosed. By 2013, there were 8458 (8101 to 9079) Spanish-born men who have sex with men (MSM) and 2538 (2334 to 2918) migrant MSM living with HIV in Catalonia. A greater proportion of migrant MSM than local MSM was undiagnosed (32% vs 22%). In the subsequent steps of the HIV care cascade, migrants MSM experience greater losses than the Spanish-born MSM: in retention in care (74% vs 55%), in the proportion on combination antiretroviral treatment (70% vs 50%) and virally suppressed (65% vs 46%).ConclusionsBy the end of 2013, there were an estimated 34 729 PLHIV in Catalonia, of whom 4271 were still undiagnosed. This study shows that the Catalan epidemic of HIV has continued to expand with the key group sustaining HIV transmission being MSM living with undiagnosed HIV.

scholarly journals Transition from diagnosis to regular medication use for adults with HIV/AIDS infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Shou-Yu Wang ◽  
Shu-Hui Liu ◽  
Yu-Ping Huang
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Medication Compliance ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
Core Category ◽  
Hiv Aids

Every year, approximately 5 million new HIV and AIDS cases are diagnosed worldwide. With advances in treatment, the lifespan of patients with HIV/AIDS has been extended, with the disease becoming a chronic condition, meaning that long-term care is necessary and complicated. Through effective treatment compliance with high-potency antiviral medication, in viva viral replication can be suppressed; thus, the life expectancy of individual patients can be extended. Therefore, taking medication regularly is crucial for patients. This study employed the grounded theory approach, using a semi structured method to conduct in-depth interviews with 10 participants with HIV/AIDS in Taiwan. Open, axial, and selective coding were used for data analysis. Results: The five categories comprised symptoms resulting from HIV/AIDS, the initial reaction to HIV/AIDS diagnosis, preventative strategies for self-protection, management of interpersonal relationships, and strategies for taking medication regularly. The core category was accepting reality and living with HIV/AIDS. This paper suggests that public education should be used to remove the stigma of HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, combining prevention, education, consultation, counseling, testing, and treatment for effective management can increase medication compliance.

scholarly journals Challenges and Barriers to HIV Care for Mexican Born Men Living in Chicago

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Aguado ◽  
Susan Ryerson-Espino ◽  
Pamela Vergara-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Hiv Care Engagement ◽  
Hiv Research ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
First Time ◽  
Public Health Clinic

AbstractBackground: Latinx men are disproportionately impacted by HIV. Research often looks at Latinx people as a heterogeneous population. This paper describes baseline characteristics and barriers to HIV care among Mexican born men enrolled in an HIV care engagement intervention at a public health clinic in Chicago. Methods: Survey and medical chart data were collected. Results: 66 Mexican born men enrolled in the project. Over half (60%) were newly diagnosed; 40% were reengaging in care or establishing care for the first time. Participants reported significant pre and postmigration concerns including poverty, social stigma, late entry to care, and concurrent health concerns, including 47% screening positive for depression. Barriers to care and mental health concerns were significantly related to Stage 3 HIV. Discussion: More prevention and intervention research is needed to ameliorate the negative socioeconomic and health ramifications of immigration and bolster mental and sexual health, reduce HIV transmission, and increase testing, linkage and care retention.

Progress countering HIV/AIDS in Africa may be at risk

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Prevention Services ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Budget Support ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Aids

Significance HIV and AIDS have slipped from the public radar in recent years but nonetheless remains a serious health challenge across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Efforts to control the epidemic may well be put at risk following recent US policy announcements that are likely to undermine prevention efforts. Impacts The US Mexico City Policy will damage HIV/AIDS programming through its effects on critical sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. Growing drug resistance to HIV treatment will impair both treatment and prevention services, leading to increased deaths and new infections. Weak health systems and lack of domestic support jeopardises the sustainability of HIV services. Emerging health crises may divert donor attention and budget support from HIV/AIDS organisations at a time when momentum is needed.

Criminalization and capture strategies in the HIV/AIDS assemblage

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-372
Author(s):  
Jen Rinaldi ◽  
Olga Marques
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Canadian Law ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
State Resistance ◽  
Hiv Aids

Purpose This study aims to ask how HIV/AIDS is arranged as a public threat in and through Canadian law, particularly in relation to transmission, and how strategies of capture extend the affective force of criminalization leading to poor health outcomes for persons living with HIV/AIDS. Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper with a focus on applying affect theorist Jasbir Puar’s work on assemblage and debility. The authors use Puar’s work to frame the conditions that persons with HIV/AIDS experience in the Canadian criminal justice context as debilitating. Findings The authors found that while HIV transmission is not itself a criminal act in the Canadian criminal justice context, activities where transmission is prevalent or possible have been criminalized, particularly in relation to nondisclosure of health status, sex work and substance use. Further, the authors found that when the activities associated with HIV transmission are criminalized, strategies of capture extend the affective force of criminalization first in the inadequate provision of health-care and pharma-care services, second in state resistance to implement harm reduction measure and third in punitive population management strategies. Originality/value Persons living with HIV/AIDS have historically experienced stigmatization, especially intersecting with neoliberal, white supremacist and heteropatriarchal axes of power. This paper uses assemblage theory to shore up how these relations operate in ways that close off possibilities, by constituting the HIV/AIDS assemblage as a criminal – rather than a health phenomenon. This paper, thus, holds Canada to account for debilitating a historically disadvantaged and multiplying marginalized population.

Knowledge of Laws Regulating Issues Related to HIV and AIDS: Development of the HIV/AIDS and the Law Scale

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1345-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freddy A. Paniagua ◽  
Sandra A. Black ◽  
Michael O'Boyle ◽  
Pamela Jones
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
The Law ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge ◽  
Don't Know Responses ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Hiv Aids

42 middle-aged and older adults, ranging in age from 51 to 85 years, completed 10 items dealing with the assessment of knowledge regarding laws regulating issues related to HIV and AIDS. Participants also completed 40 items involving knowledge of risks for HIV infection. The Cronbach coefficient alpha and test-retest reliability coefficient on the HIV/AIDS and the Law Scale were .74 and .83, respectively. Over-all, the grand mean for correct answers was 46.9%, whereas the grand means for incorrect answers and “don't know” responses were 13.6% and 39.5%, suggesting substantial lack of knowledge of laws regulating issues related to HIV and AIDS. Women (50%) and younger participants (51 to 66 years old; 48.2%) showed more of this knowledge (50%) than men (43.0%) and older participants (46.2%). The sample reported a substantial amount of knowledge regarding HIV transmission assessed with factual (92.2% correct) and misconception (87.5% correct) items. The correlation between this knowledge and knowledge of laws regulating issues related to HIV and AIDS was .42 ( p <.01). Research with this scale using adolescents and young adults as well as the utility of the scale in areas of clinical, legal, and policy development are discussed.

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