Knowledge of Laws Regulating Issues Related to HIV and AIDS: Development of the HIV/AIDS and the Law Scale

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1345-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freddy A. Paniagua ◽  
Sandra A. Black ◽  
Michael O'Boyle ◽  
Pamela Jones
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
The Law ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge ◽  
Don't Know Responses ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Hiv Aids

42 middle-aged and older adults, ranging in age from 51 to 85 years, completed 10 items dealing with the assessment of knowledge regarding laws regulating issues related to HIV and AIDS. Participants also completed 40 items involving knowledge of risks for HIV infection. The Cronbach coefficient alpha and test-retest reliability coefficient on the HIV/AIDS and the Law Scale were .74 and .83, respectively. Over-all, the grand mean for correct answers was 46.9%, whereas the grand means for incorrect answers and “don't know” responses were 13.6% and 39.5%, suggesting substantial lack of knowledge of laws regulating issues related to HIV and AIDS. Women (50%) and younger participants (51 to 66 years old; 48.2%) showed more of this knowledge (50%) than men (43.0%) and older participants (46.2%). The sample reported a substantial amount of knowledge regarding HIV transmission assessed with factual (92.2% correct) and misconception (87.5% correct) items. The correlation between this knowledge and knowledge of laws regulating issues related to HIV and AIDS was .42 ( p <.01). Research with this scale using adolescents and young adults as well as the utility of the scale in areas of clinical, legal, and policy development are discussed.

Implications of HIV/AIDS for Rural Livelihoods in Tanzania: The Example of Rungwe District

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam B. S. Mwakalobo
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Livelihood Security ◽  
Household Livelihood ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract:HIV/AIDS is disrupting household livelihood security in Tanzania's rural communities and contributing to rural impoverishment by claiming the lives of the most productive young adults who make up the bulk of the labor force in those areas. This article presents results of a case study based on a survey of 119 households conducted in three villages of Rungwe district in Tanzania. The results reveal that households with HIV/AIDS deaths spend less on food than those without AIDS deaths, and that households with HIV and AIDS-related deaths are more likely to fall below the poverty line.

scholarly journals THE PERCEPTION OF POST-PARTUM WOMEN WITH HIV / AIDS ABOUT PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT IN BANDUNG CITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nunung Nurhayati ◽  
Lia Juniarni ◽  
Mimin Sumiati
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
The Family ◽  
Women With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

About 17 million women around the world aged 15-49 years are infected with HIV and AIDS. HIV / AIDS is transmitted from mother to baby during pregnancy, intra-natal, postnatal and it is a cause of death. In 2015, HIV transmission occurred in more than 38,500 children born to HIV-positive women. Transmission of HIV / AIDS from mother to baby during labor can be prevented by ARV therapy. The psychological aspects of postpartum women with HIV / AIDS include fear, shame, and a higher risk of depression compared to normal postpartum. Social support is needed by individuals in the situation. The participants in this study were 6 people. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with the inclusion criteria for post-partum women with HIV / AIDS who routinely controlled treatment. The results of the study found the theme of psychosocial support from the closest person consisted of 3 categories, namely psychological support from the family, support from fellow friends with HIV / AIDS and support in undergoing treatment. Conclusions from the results of the study found new insights that post-partum women with HIV / AIDS had accumulated feeling from the process of HIV / AIDS. Support is needed from the people closest to the family and support from fellow friends with HIV / AIDS, to prevent continuing into the desperation stage that results in death.Keywords: HIV / AIDS, Physiological support, Perception, postpartum-women.

Analysing the impact of migration on HIV/AIDS cases using epidemiological models (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofosuhene Apenteng ◽  
Prince P Osei ◽  
Noor Azina Ismail ◽  
Aline Chiabai
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Dynamical Behaviour ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Mcmc Methods ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Hiv Aids

UNSTRUCTURED In this paper, we present the impact of migration on the spread of HIV/AIDS. A simple model for HIV and AIDS that incorporates migration and addresses its contributions to the spread of HIV and AIDS cases was constructed. The model was calibrated to HIV and AIDS incidence data from Malaysia. The epidemiological parameters were estimated using MCMC methods. Among the migrant population, 1.5572e-01 were susceptible to HIV transmission, which constituted 67801 migrants. A proportion of migrants, 6.3773e-04 were estimated to be HIV infected, constituting 278 migrants. There were 72 (per 10000) migrants estimated to have had AIDS, representing a proportion of 1.6611e-08. The result suggest that the disease-free steady state was unstable because the basic reproduction number was 2.0906 and 1.4861 for the models without and with migration, respectively. Based on the findings, this is not a good indicator from the public health point of view, as the aim is to stabilize the epidemic at the disease-free equilibrium. The models analysed considerably well reflected the dynamical behaviour of the HIV epidemic field data in Malaysia. We recommend that a national programme should be implemented by the government in collaboration with the Malaysian Immigration Department to reduce HIV/AIDS transmission by more closely monitoring migrant activities. It is our view that the models would be useful to tackle other problems, other diseases.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENCEGAHAN dAN PENANGGULANGAN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY/AQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (HIV/AIdS) dI KOTA SURAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Wahyuningsih ◽  
Widodo.T Novianto ◽  
Hari Purwadi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Inadequate Response ◽  
Technical Instructions ◽  
The Law ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract<br />This Articel to analyze the implementation of policy on the prevention and combat of Human Immunodefisiency Virus and Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Surakarta City. This type of research in writing this is a non-doctrinal/empirical, with basing on the concept of the law of the 5th. The form used is the research diagnostic analysis. The data type of the data source, and the primair include primary and secondary legal materials. Data analysis using qualitative analysis. Based on the results of research and discussion with respect to issues that are examined, it can be summed up as follows : (1) Factors that become the cause of inadequate response to the HIV and AIDS amongst others caused the problem of HIV and AIDS has not been considered a priority issue by the health sector as well as the development of related sectors; (2) the political support that has not been adequately against the program; (3) yet uncoordinated Commission Response AIDS (KPA) and the SKPD of Surakarta City either the direction of development, planning and implementation of policies and programs regarding the Decree despite various efforts for tackling even the financing has been issued; and (4) the still inadequate dissemination of information and access to health services and the availability of VCT services, ARV existence for sufferers and those at high risk with HIV/AIDS. The steps that must be performed in order to cope with HIV/AIDS in Surakarta, among others : (1) Aspects of the substance of the law with further strengthen runway operations mainly technical instructions and guidelines that govern the start of planning, implementation, evaluation, monitoring, sanctions; (2) Aspects of structure/function and by improving the institutional tasks of KPA either in quality, as well as institutional manegement KPA. (3) Aspects of culture either by increasing the involvement of the population of Key Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) care about HIV/AIDS and high risk groups in planning the program and run the program as well as an evaluation of the program as a Field Officer (FO), Counselor, Case Manager. The establishment of culture/culture done by influencing the attitudes and behavior of continuously/routine so that you can understand, addressing the process of countermeasure and empathy, so as to minimize the discrimination against People Living with HIV/AIDS (ODHA). <br />Keywords: Implementation – Policy – HIV/AIDS – Surakarta

scholarly journals Critique of the Criminalisation of Sexual HIV Transmission

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Amelia Evans
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Social Critique ◽  
The Law ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Level Of Risk

This paper considers the extent to which people living with HIV or AIDS are liable for sexual conduct under New Zealand criminal law. After examining the ways in which the Crimes Act 1961 could be seen to criminalise sexual HIV transmission and exposure, this paper identifies two areas in which the existing law could be clarified and improved. First, by requiring a threshold "material level of risk" to be met before criminal liability is triggered and secondly by providing for disclosure as a defence where the threshold level of risk has been crossed. Clarification will ensure those people living with HIV and AIDS can knowingly act within the law. Once certainty of the law has been established, only then will social critique be viable.

HIV advances will fail to reduce global burden for now

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
Successful Design ◽  
Aids Therapy ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hiv Aids

Subject The implications of advances on HIV therapies. Significance A first-stage clinical trial on treating HIV and AIDS published its results in April. It showed that the use of a therapeutic antibody -- 3BNC117 -- against HIV/AIDS may be effective, safe and well-tolerated in humans. This demonstrates the potential of neutralising antibodies against HIV/AIDS and proves for the first time the feasibility of an antibody-based HIV/AIDS therapy. Impacts The less frequent dosage schedule of 3BNC117 might increase treatment compliance, reducing overall HIV transmission. The successful design of protective antibodies may have the capacity to confer protection against HIV in healthy individuals for life. This would effectively create an HIV vaccine, transforming HIV care worldwide.

scholarly journals Assessment of knowledge of HIV and AIDS among tribal college students: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3033
Author(s):  
Baliram Ghodke ◽  
Amit Mohite ◽  
Swapnil Shinkar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tribal College ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: AIDS mainly affects people aged 15-40 years. The co-infection of HIV/AIDS with other infectious diseases is an escalating public health problem. Public health intervention tools are effective only when knowledge needs are ably assessed. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge regarding HIV, routes of transmission, prevention and treatment in tribal students.Methods: Questionnaire was used to carry out this study in 120 tribal students enrolled in BA (bachelor of Arts) course in a college of tribal district of Maharashtra.Results: Out of 120 students, 104 students 86.67% completed the self-administered questionnaire. Out of 104 the 62.50% were males and 37.50% were females. 99.03% were aware of the word ‘HIV/AIDS’. 58.65% were aware of all possible routes of HIV transmission. Only 12.5% knew that unprotected anal sex carries high risk for HIV transmission.70.19% knew that HIV infection was not curable. 75% students said that weight loss was the major symptom of AIDS. 49.03% knew that tuberculosis was the principal opportunistic infection. 25% were aware of the ELISA test and 21.03% knew the location of treatment centre. The main sources of this information were television and the internet (72% and 71%).Conclusions: Tribal students have inadequate knowledge regarding routes of HIV transmission and its prevention. It is imperative to increase awareness by various channels of communications such as the mass media.

scholarly journals Penerapan Arsitektur Perilaku Pada Perancangan Panti Rehabilitasi Untuk Orang Dengan HIV/AIDS Di Sleman

Vitruvian ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Agus Cahyadi ◽  
Muhammad Arief Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Rehabilitation Center ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Observation Process ◽  
Initial Survey ◽  
Hiv Aids

ABSTRAK HIV dan AIDS (Acquire Immune Deficiency Syndrome) merupakan masalah global. Kurangnya pengetahuan akan cara penularan virus HIV dan pengobatan terhadap ODHA di Indonesia, membuat semakin meningkatnya kasus HIV dan AIDS setiap tahunnya dan muncul berbagai stigma negatif dari masyarakat terhadap ODHA. Dengan adanya stigma negatif dari masyarakat lain terhadap penyakitnya membuat ODHA memiliki rasa takut, tidak percaya diri, marah, malu dan kecewa pada dirinya sendiri. Metode perancangan yang digunakan adalah metode pendekatan arsitektur perilaku. Beberapa data awal yang telah ditemukan pada survei awal, dikembangkan dalam survei lanjutan. Data-data tersebut kemudian diperdalam dan dikembangkan melalui serangkaian survei yang dilakukan berulang kali. Proses analisis merupakan bagian yang menyatu dengan proses observasi data. Dari proses ini kemudian dibangun konstruksi teori dari lapangan. Untuk memenuhi semua kebutuhan dalam proses rehabilitasi diperlukan penataan ruang yang baik agar hubungan antar ruang dapat mendukung semua kegiatan yang terjadi dalam proses tersebut. Selain itu juga, untuk menciptakan suasana rehabilitasi maka diperlukan lingkungan yang baik dalam perancangan panti rehabilitasi agar pasien dapat berinteraksi dengan sesama pasien dengan baik. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah, merancang sebuah bangunan panti rehabilitasi untuk orang dengan HIV/AIDS agar mampu mengembalikan fungsi sosial ODHA di dalam masyarakat dengan pendekatan arsitektur perilaku.Kata Kunci : Arsitektur Perilaku, HIV dan AIDS, Panti Rehabilitasi ABSTRACTHIV and AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) are global issues. A limited knowledge of HIV transmission and treatment for people with HIV/AIDS in Indonesia has increased the number of HIV/AIDS cases annually and made the society stigmatize people with HIV/AIDS. Such stigma has made people with HIV/AIDS feel frightened, unconfident, ashamed, and disappointed with themselves. The designing method used in this thesis was the behavioral architecture. Some preliminary data from an initial survey was developed in the follow-up survey. Such data was then further studied and developed through a series of repeated surveys. The analysis process became an integral part of the data observation process. Thereafter, a theory was constructed based on the field data processing. To fulfill all the needs of rehabilitation process, a well-designed spatial planning is required, so the relationship between spaces can support all the activities in the process. In addition, to support the atmosphere of rehabilitation, a good environment is required in designing a rehabilitation center to allow patients to interact well with each other. To conclude, a rehabilitation center for people with HIV/AIDS was designed to restore the social function of people with HIV/AIDS in society based on behavioral architecture. Keywords: Behavioral Architecture, HIV and AIDS, Rehabilitation Center

HIV/AIDS surveillance and prevention: improving the characterization of HIV transmission

2003 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A Schmidt ◽  
Eve D Mokotoff
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Aids
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