The Role of Caring in a Theory of Nursing Ethics

Hypatia ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara T. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Moral Justification ◽  
Nursing Ethics ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Fundamental Value ◽  
Human Caring ◽  
Field Of Inquiry

The development of nursing ethics as a field of inquiry has largely relied on theories of medical ethics that use autonomy, beneficence, and/or justice as foundational ethical principles. Such theories espouse a masculine approach to moral decision “making and ethical analysis. This paper challenges the presumption of medical ethics and its associated system of moral justification as an appropriate model for nursing ethics. It argues that the value foundations of nursing ethics are located within the existential phenomenon of human caring within the nurse/patient relationship instead of in models of patient good or rights-based notions of autonomy as articulated in prominent theories of medical ethics. Models of caring are analyzed and a moral-point-of-view (MPV) theory with caring as a fundamental value is proposed for the development of a theory of nursing ethics. This type of theory is supportive to feminist medical ethics because it focuses on the subscription to, and not merely the acceptance of, a particular view of morality.

scholarly journals Legal and Moral Aspects of Confidential Cooperation between Individuals and Law Enforcement Agencies

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
В. М. Давидюк
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Search Activity ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Moral Point

The legislative regulation of using confidants in Ukraine, as well as the moral aspects of confidential cooperation between individuals and law enforcement agencies have been analyzed. Some reasons that contributed to the regulation of confidential cooperation at the legislative level have been revealed in the historical retrospective; the correlation of the terms of “assistance” and “cooperation” used in the operative and search legislation has been demonstrated. It has been substantiated that in the course of studying the activities of special forces of operative and search activity it is advisable to use a narrower term of “cooperation”, which reflects the specifics of the activity of such forces. The norms of not secret normative legal acts have been outlined, which enshrined the conceptual bases of work with confidants. The emphasis has been made on the need to regulate not only the rights of the confidants, but also their obligations. A comparative analysis of the society’s attitude to confidential cooperation in different countries has been conducted. The moral and ethical grounds for involving persons into confidential cooperation have been studied. The author has outlined the essential role of the ideological component in the work of the state apparatus, which influences the attitude of society to confidential cooperation. The interdependence of moral and legal aspects of confidential cooperation has been proved. It has been established that the involvement of persons, from a moral point of view, into confidential cooperation is determined by: the voluntary nature of such involvement; public duty; perception of appropriate cooperation as the assistance to the community for its proper functioning; compulsory use of confidants for the prevention and detection of latent crimes; counteracting aggressive protection of criminal interests; guaranteeing the public interests by saving the costs for law enforcement function, since the use of confidants is more financially effective than attracting additional law enforcement forces and means.

Strokes of Luck

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Lang
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Moral Luck ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Luck Egalitarianism ◽  
Justice As Fairness ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Luck Egalitarian

Strokes of Luck offers a large-scale treatment of the role of luck in our judgements about blameworthiness and responsibility, in moral philosophy, and in principles of distributive justice, in political philosophy. It takes an ‘anti-anti-luckist’ stance on these matters, and is opposed to the influential ‘anti-luckist’ views which hold that judgements of blameworthiness, or distributive relations, should be adjusted to annul or neutralize differential luck. It provides a new reading of Bernard Williams’s famous essay ‘Moral Luck’ which emphasizes the dissimilarity of Williams’s aims from the aims of Thomas Nagel and his intellectual descendants. It contends that luck egalitarianism is a structurally flawed programme, and it argues for a revised understanding of John Rawls’s justice as fairness that interprets Rawls’s hostility to factors that are ‘arbitrary from a moral point of view’ in a novel way stationed more closely to his contractarian apparatus, and less closely to luck egalitarian concerns.

Proceduralism and implicatures in dialogue

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-139
Author(s):  
Luciana Garbayo
Keyword(s):  
Relevance Theory ◽  
Discourse Ethics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Conversational Implicatures ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Moral Point Of View ◽  
Moral Strangers ◽  
Bounded Reasoning

This article aims at discussing some of the problems for the construction of a shared moral point of view in dialogical context, through a revision of both Habermas’ proceduralistic discourse ethics and Grice’s pragmatist conversational implicatures project. I claim that a) by discounting the undue idealization of both projects, supported by their Kantian underpinnings, and b) by refreshing them with a consequentialist approach to rationality in a fallibilistic bounded reasoning approach, one could achieve a more realistic understanding of the dialogical problems between moral strangers. By following such a revision, I suggest to be then possible to operate c) a reversal of the principle of rational cooperation in Grice, in convergence with Sperber & Wilson’s relevance theory, while also considering the role of other additional mechanisms in interaction, such as empathy (in Alvin Goldman’s sense). These modifications result in a fallibilistic understanding of the process of the dialogical construction of a shared moral point of view among moral strangers, with the aid of a non-idealized use of procedures and implicatures.

scholarly journals Perché? Come? Chi? Tre domande (e alcune risposte) sulla consulenza etica in ambito sanitario

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Semplici
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Moral Point Of View

Le questioni sempre più complesse che emergono nella pratica clinica, in conseguenza del progresso scientifico e tecnologico e del crescente pluralismo di valori e stili di vita, hanno rafforzato l’esigenza di una specifica consulenza, con lo scopo di tutelare l’autonomia dei pazienti e offrire loro maggiori e più informate opportunità di scelta. Ci sono tuttavia molte questioni che meritano un approfondimento: il modello della consulenza (interi comitati, piccoli gruppi, singoli consulenti); il ruolo del punto di vista morale dei consulenti; le loro competenze; il rischio che la consulenza possa diventare un privilegio per pochi. ---------- The more and more complex issues that are emerging in clinical practice, as a consequence of scientific and technological progress as well as of growing pluralism of values and lifestyles, have strengthened the need for a specific consultation, aiming at protecting the patients’ autonomy and providing them with greater and more informed opportunities of choice. However, many questions are worth a deeper insight: the models of consultation (full committees, small teams, individual consultants); the role of the consultants’ moral point of view; their expertise; the risk for consultation to become a privilege for few.

scholarly journals “Fascism,” the Relevant Past, and Monologues in the Face of Others

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-195
Author(s):  
Konstantin A. Pakhalyuk
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Moral Justification ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Academic Debate

From a political point of view, the key purpose of any reference to the past is not so much to substantiate concrete wording as to form collective identities and/or provide moral justification for certain political decisions. Therefore, one cannot but agree with Marlene Laruelle that discussions, largely virtual, about World War II and the role of the USSR in it, which flare up from time to time in the European press, are closely related to the search for an answer to a more pressing question: Can modern Russia be considered part (albeit special) of some common European space? Her article, filled with propositions and observations some would gladly subscribe to, still gives food for thought due to its focus on academic debate with those who consider Russia fascist or seek analogies between Putin’s Russia and Hitler’s Germany.

Hume and Humanity as ‘the foundation of morals’

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-59
Author(s):  
Tony Pitson
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Moral Sentiments ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Moral Point Of View

There is an ongoing debate as to whether there is a major difference between Hume's accounts of morality in the Treatise and the second Enquiry. This has tended to focus on the role of sympathy in each case, but more recently the greater emphasis on humanity in the Enquiry as compared with the Treatise has been used to support a non-reconciliation view of the relation between these accounts. So far as humanity's role in relation to the moral sentiments is concerned, I question whether it can provide the moral point of view associated with moral approval and disapproval. Considered as a motive to action, I question whether humanity always results in the kinds of action which would meet with general approbation. I also stress the limitations of humanity when viewed from the impartial perspective associated with the moral point of view. I further attempt to show that there is no real contradiction between Hume's claim in the Treatise that sympathy is ‘the chief source of moral distinctions’ and his claim in the Enquiry that the sentiments dependent on humanity ‘are the origin of morals’. I therefore conclude in favour of a reconciliatory view of the two accounts.

Exploring Ethical Assumptions and Bias in Medical Ethics Teaching

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-244
Author(s):  
Silvia Panizza ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Education Practice ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
Ethics Teaching ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Liberating Education

This paper is a reflection on an experiment undertaken during a Medical Ethics lecture delivered to a group of medical students in the UK as part of a project for a programme in Higher Education Practice. The aim of the project, following Paulo Freire’s idea of ‘liberating education,’ was to identify students’ ethical assumptions and biases in relation to a problem of resource allocation in healthcare, and their role in decision-making. The experiment showed the importance placed by medical students on disputed values such as free will, desert, social worth and body image, and highlighted the difficulty and importance of bringing students’ process of moral decision-making to awareness in ethics teaching, in order to a) decrease the role of implicit bias in students’ decision making and b) allow students to decide whether they in fact agree with assumed values and ethical frameworks that influence their thinking.

scholarly journals PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING OF LANGUAGE

Adam alemi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
S. Uralbaeva ◽  
◽  
S. Rakimzhanova ◽  
A. Malikova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Nation State ◽  
A Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fundamental Value

The article describes the ideas and philosophical views of philosophers on the history of language. From a philosophical point of view, the concept of «language» has been defined as a fundamental value for any nation. In the history of philosophical thought, «language» is considered one of the spiritual spheres of social life, considered as a value associated with human life. Philosophical analysis of the role of language in the development of a nation, state and human society as a whole. The ideas and philosophical views of the historians of philosophy on the language are determined. The philosophical meaning of the language is discussed.

Poverty and freedom

Human Affairs ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunter Graf ◽  
Gottfried Schweiger
Keyword(s):  
Capability Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Martha Nussbaum ◽  
General Level ◽  
Amartya Sen ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The Capability Approach

AbstractThe capability approach, which is closely connected to the works of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum, is one possible theoretical framework that could be used to answer the question as to why poverty is a problem from a moral point of view. In this paper we will focus on the normative philosophical capability approach rather than the social scientific and descriptive perspective. We will show that the approach characterizes poverty mainly as a limitation of freedom and that it is precisely this aspect, from its point of view, that makes poverty morally significant. This insight shifts the discussion away from questions regarding specific capabilities or lists of them-questions treated extensively in the literature-to the more general level of what constitutes the normative core of the capability approach. But as we will also discuss and argue, the role of freedom alone does not give us a complete picture of poverty but only presents us with one aspect relevant to evaluating it. A further aspect which we consider has not been adequately recognized and taken into account by most capability theorists is the experience of disrespect and humiliation, or to put it differently, a lack of recognition.

Elucidation of block boundaries as the dissolution channels in hydrated cement

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
N.V. Belov ◽  
U.I. Papiashwili ◽  
B.E. Yudovich
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
Hydrated Cement ◽  
Hardened Cement Paste

It has been almost universally adopted that dissolution of solids proceeds with development of uniform, continuous frontiers of reaction.However this point of view is doubtful / 1 /. E.g. we have proved the active role of the block (grain) boundaries in the main phases of cement, these boundaries being the areas of hydrate phases' nucleation / 2 /. It has brought to the supposition that the dissolution frontier of cement particles in water is discrete. It seems also probable that the dissolution proceeds through the channels, which serve both for the liquid phase movement and for the drainage of the incongruant solution products. These channels can be appeared along the block boundaries.In order to demonsrate it, we have offered the method of phase-contrast impregnation of the hardened cement paste with the solution of methyl metacrylahe and benzoyl peroxide. The viscosity of this solution is equal to that of water.

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