scholarly journals CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC WASTES: POSSIBILITY OF REINFORCING MATERIAL FOR SOIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Yasmin Yuriz ◽  
Tuan Noor Hasanah Tuan Ismail ◽  
Ismail Mohamed ◽  
Nik Normunira Mat Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Plastic Bottle ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Reinforcing Material ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Plastics Waste

The current statistic shows that the percentage of plastic has significantly increased in the landfill and leads to environmental issues due to its non-biodegradable characteristic. However, these challenges can be turned into opportunities by reusing and recycling such waste for civil engineering applications. Hence, the focuses of this paper are to analyze the possibility of utilizing plastic waste in the soil reinforcement field using VOSviewer software and to evaluate the chemical, thermal, physical, and mechanical properties of the plastics (plastic straw, plastic bottle, and plastic bag). The data for this study was collected from the articles published in Scopus. Nevertheless, there are very limited articles that relate soil reinforcement with the thermal, chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of plastic waste. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the properties of plastic waste, which were plastic bottles, plastic bags, and plastic straw. The properties of plastic waste have been investigated to ensure it meets the requirement for soil reinforcement technology. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated the presence of carbon and hydrogen chains in those plastics waste. The plastic straw, plastic bag, and plastic bottle were degraded at 382°C, 456°C, and 449°C, respectively. This finding indicated that all of these plastics waste were thermally stable in the tropical temperature. Moreover, the densities of the plastics waste were less than 1 g/cm3, which contributes to the lightweight material and it’s very crucial to eliminating the self-loading from the reinforcement material. 

Public Policy Evaluation on Limitation of The Use of Plastics Bags based on Social Marketing Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-207
Author(s):  
Cheryl Pricilla Bensa
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Outreach Programs ◽  
Target Behavior ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Change Behavior ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quota Sampling

The plastic bag diet campaign has been carried out by many parties including government agencies, but the campaign is feared to only reach the cognitive stage, not a meaningful change in attitude. Many campaigns on the problem of plastic waste have been carried out from NGOs, the private sector, and the government, but what is wrong so as to the problem of plastic waste continues to occur? Why does the problem of plastic waste still stop at the campaign without a comprehensive behavior implementation of the community? The research method was a survey using quota sampling and descriptive. The population people in Balikpapan, Jakarta and Surabaya. The campaign to limit plastic bags can be successful if there is a synergy of the regulators; the government and NGOs, the private sector such as retailers, and the community. The related parties are expected to design a campaign in accordance with the social marketing model. Moreover, the related parties must also conduct formative research of the target behavior: the community about plastic waste and the extent to which the related parties must endeavor so that it can be known what audience benefits are most appropriate in formulating a campaign. In the implementation of social marketing, related parties have to clearly formulate the target behavior that exists so that people are not confused and have one voice. In addition, policies must also be upheld to support and maintain the results of social marketing to be sustainable. Moreover, educational and outreach programs that can change behavior about the environment will also help future generations to reduce pollution of plastic waste.

Study of the Effect of PP and LDPE Thermoplastic Binder Addition on the Mechanical Properties and Physical Properties of Particulate Composites for Building Material Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Sigit Tri Wicaksono ◽  
Hosta Ardhyananta ◽  
Amaliya Rasyida ◽  
Feisha Fadila Rifki
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Particulate Composites ◽  
Water Absorbability

Plastic waste is majority an organic material that cannot easily decomposed by bacteria, so it needs to be recycled. One of the utilization of plastic waste recycling is become a mixture in the manufacture of building materials such as concrete, paving block, tiles, roof. This experiment purpose to find out the effect of addition of variation of LDPE and PP thermoplastic binder to physical and mechanical properties of LDPE/PP/Sand composite for construction material application. In this experiment are using many tests, such are SEM, FTIR, compression strength, density, water absorbability, and hardness. the result after the test are the best composition of composite PP/LDPE/sand is 70/0/30 because its have compression strength 14,2 MPa, while density value was 1.30 g/cm3, for the water absorbability is 0.073%, and for the highest hardness is 62.3 hardness of shore D. From the results obtained, composite material can be classified into construction materials for mortar application S type with average compression strength is 12.4 MPa.

Physical-Mechanical Properties of Paving Block from Plastic Shopping Bags Waste and Sand

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Iswahyuni ◽  
Indri Hermiyati ◽  
Suharyanto ◽  
Uma Fadzilia Arifin ◽  
Dewi Nur Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Friction Resistance ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Fine Surface

Plastic shopping bags are easy to obtain for free or at low prices, hence contribute as the highest quantity among plastic waste. The plastic shopping bags waste has no economic value. Usually they are just thrown away. An alternative solution is by utilizing them to produce paving block by mixing with sands. The objective of this experiment is to evaluate the best ratio composition of plastic shopping bags waste and sand, followed by evaluation of the physical-mechanical properties of this particular paving block. Several different mixture ratios of weights of plastic shopping bag and sand were evaluated to obtain the best physical-mechanical properties of the paving block. The mixture ratios of weight of plastic shopping bags waste and sand were 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5, respectively. The shopping plastic bags waste was melted before mixed with sand. The different mixture ratios were mixed with same pressure. The paving block mixture with ratio of 1:4 exhibited the best physical-mechanical properties as revealed by no defect, no crack and fine surface. The compressive strength of 17.4 MPa, friction resistance of 0.138 mm/sec and water absorption of 2.518% can be achieved, which is suitable for parking area construction.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of the non-free plastic bag policy to reduce plastic waste in the community of Padang

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 02022
Author(s):  
Novia Wirna Putri ◽  
Septia Pristi Rahmah ◽  
Defriman Djafri ◽  
Irene Sandra Olivia ◽  
Ulfah Winanda Putri
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
The People ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Processing Site ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

The waste generation of Padang City at the Final Processing Site (TPA) is 495.50 tons/day, and the amount of unmanaged waste is 62.42 tons/day, of which 40% is plastic waste. Efforts to reduce the use of plastic bags have begun in Padang, referring to Perwaliko number 36 of 2018. Shopping centers and modern stores must use plastic shopping bags that meet SNI no later than December 31, 2020, especially in various retail and contemporary shopping centers. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the effectiveness of plastic use policies and the decrease in the use of plastic bags in people who shop at modern retailers in Padang City. This type of research is quantitative with a cross-sectional design. The number of samples is 116 respondents who shop at modern shopping centers, namely Matahari Dept. Store, Food Mart Padang, Ramayana Padang and SPAR Padang. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis. The results showed that 46.6% of respondents stated that the plastic bag policy was not adequate, and 46.6% of respondents stated that there was no reduction in plastic bags. There is a significant relationship between the effectiveness of the plastic bag policy and the decrease in the use of plastic bags in the people of Padang City (p=0,029). With this paid plastic bag policy, government, retailers, and the public will be more concerned with the environment.

scholarly journals PLA/PHA-Biodegradable Blends for Pneumothermic Fabrication of Nonwovens

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztofa Szuman ◽  
Izabella Krucińska ◽  
Maciej Boguń ◽  
Zbigniew Draczyński
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composition ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Total Reflectance ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Abstract This study presents the results of research concerning fabrication of nonwovens from biodegradable polymer blends using the melt-blown method. The experiments performed within the framework of the research confirmed the possibility of obtaining polymer composites based on polylactide (PLA) with poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHA) and another aliphatic-aromatic copolyester. The obtained products were subjected to the analyses of chemical structure using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR) Attenuated Total Reflectance(ATR) method. The physical and mechanical properties of the fabricated nonwoven layers were also tested, which confirmed a wide spectrum of their applicability, depending on the polymer composition used in production.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN KANTONG PLASTIK BERBAYAR SEBAGAI UPAYA MEREDUKSI PENGGUNAAN KANTONG PLASTIK

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Arieyanti Dwi Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Hazardous Material ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Pilot Implementation

ENGLISHThe use of plastic bag tends to increase and it causes the increase of plastic waste. Plastic waste is a hazardous material because it is difficult to be decomposed biologically. Waste management in Indonesia is regulated by Law Number 18/2008 and Government Regulation Number 81/ 2012. Besides the use of biodegradable plastics, reducing the number of plastic bag can be done by implementing a no free plastic bag policy. The policy was issued by the Directorate General Waste Management, Waste and Hazardous and Toxic under the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK). The content of this policy is to urge people to bring their own bag when shopping, otherwise they have to buy plastic bags. The policy has been implemented in several countries and succeeded in reducing the number of plastic bags significantly. In Indonesia, the pilot implementation of the policy was conducted from February 21, 2016 to June 5, 2016 in 22 cities. Funds raised from the sale of plastic bag are public funds that will be used for waste management activities. By implementating this policy is expected to reduce the use of plastic bag in Indonesia, as in other countries that already have implemented it. INDONESIAPenggunaan kantong plastik yang cenderung mengalami peningkatan, akan meningkatkan jumlah sampah plastik. Sampah plastik merupakan sampah berbahaya karena sifatnya yang sulit terurai secara biologis. Pengelolaan sampah di Indonesia sudah diatur dalam UU No 18 Tahun 2008 dan PP No 81 Tahun 2012. Selain dengan penggunaan plastik biodegradable, penurunan jumlah penggunaan kantong plastik dapat dilakukan dengan menerapkan kebijakan kantong plastik berbayar. Kebijakan ini dikeluarkan oleh Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK) melalui surat edaran Direktorat Jenderal Pengelolaan Sampah, Limbah dan Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun. Isi dari kebijakan ini menghimbau masyarakat untuk membawa alternatif kantong plastik saat berbelanja atau jika masyarakat tidak membawa kantong plastik belanjaan, pelaku ritel akan mengenakan harga pada kantong plastik yang diminta masyarakat saat belanja. Kebijakan ini sudah banyak diterapkan di beberapa negara dan berhasil menurunkan jumlah penggunaan kantong plastik secara signifikan. Di Indonesia, uji coba penerapan kebijakan ini dilakukan mulai 21 Februari 2016 hingga 5 Juni 2016 di 22 kota. Dana yang terkumpul dari hasil penjualan kantong plastik merupakan dana publik yang nantinya digunakan untuk kegiatan pengelolaan sampah. Dengan penerapan kebijakan ini diharapkan dapat mengurangi penggunaan kantong plastik di Indonesia, seperti pada negara-negara lain yang sudah menerapkan kebijakan ini sebelumnya.

scholarly journals Green Construction Material: Polyethylene Waste Reinforce Concrete for Panel Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Andrie Harmaji ◽  
Siswanti Zuraida
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Reinforce Concrete ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Composite Panel ◽  
Concrete Aggregates ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Polyethylene Terephtalate

Plastic Composite Panel (PCP) is an innovation in the field of materials that uses recycling plastic waste to construct composite cement panels. This material innovation is one of the solutionto answer environmental problems caused by plastic waste. Some previous studies mostly used plastic waste for concrete aggregates. Thus, making this study different from previous studies. The purpose of this study is to make a prototype of a PCP that is environmentally friendly with panel dimensions sample of 100 x 30 x 10 mm thick. The method used is an experimental test using materials in the form of polyethylene terephtalate (PET) from used water bottle and cement waste as well as testing its physical and mechanical properties carried out in the laboratory. Variations in PET used for testing materials are 0- 20%. In addition to mechanical properties, specific gravity and porosity test is carried out. The best results shows that 5% PET addition to cement paste increase the flexutral strength to 4.47 MPa compared to control sample which has 3.26 MPa. Porosity test shows that addition of 10% PET reduce the density of PCP to 63.64% compared to control sample that has 44.44%.

SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIK PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI LIMBAH PLASTIK JENIS HDPE (High Density Polyetylene) DAN RANTING/CABANG KARET (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg)

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Sari Mirad Noor
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
High Density ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

The need of log increace rapidly, mean while forest product decrease, so efficiency on wood process should be done wisely, in the other hand plastic waste is uncompossed material, become an environmental problems. This research aims to determine the impact of particles of type HDPE plastic wastes and twigs/branches of rubber on some physical and mechanical properties of wood. Physical properties have been tested for water content, density, thickness, and water absorption. Although mechanical properties tests were tough Broken/Module of Rufture (MOR) and the preservation of architecture/modulus of elasticity (MOE).     The raw materials used are polyethylene of high density of waste plastic and rubber adhesive urea formaldehyde branch branch. Experimental design used the randomized Completely Design (RCD) 5 x 4, in which each treatment became much like 5 times replicated).The treatment used is the diversity of the composition of the waste of plastic of different types of polyethylene of high density provides a significant effect on the content of water, water absorption, the density and the development of thickness. With regard to the persistence and the fracture of the arch determination not to give a significant effect.Keywords: physical and mechanical properties, particle board, HDPE plastic waste, branch/twig of  rubber.

scholarly journals Renewable Silica-Carbon Nanocomposite and Its Use for Reinforcing Synthetic Wood Made of Rice Straw Powders

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Wayan Karyasa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Phenolformaldehyde Resin ◽  
Simple Preparation ◽  
Preparation Route ◽  
Reinforcing Material ◽  
Carbon Nanocomposite

<p class="TTPAbstract"><span lang="IN">The current study was aimed to prepare and to characterize a renewable silica-carbon nanocomposite from rice straw ashes. It was purposed also to study the use of the produced nanocomposite as reinforcing material in producing a synthetic wood made of three axial blend of treated rice straw powder, phenolfrmaldehyde resin, and the nanocomposite. A simple preparation route of nanocomposite silica-carbon from rice straw was formulated containing three steps, namely pretreating of rice straw, preparing of ultra fine amorphous black silica, and composing silica-carbon nanocomposite. The nanocomposite product was characterized using XRD, XRF, FTIR and SEM methods. The characterization results comfirmed that the silica-carbon nanocomposite was succesfully prepared. The utilizing of the nanocomposite as reinforce material in producing synthetic woods was conducted through hot-pressing some three axial blend compositions of the pretreated rice straw powder, phenolformaldehyde resin, and the nanocomposite. The synthetic wood products were characterized their physical and mechanical properties. As a result, the addition of the nanocomposite could improve the properties of the synthetic wood products.</span></p>

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