Biodiesel Development and Characterization for Use as a Fuel in Compression Ignition Engines

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Agarwal ◽  
L. M. Das
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Performance And Emission

Neat vegetable oils pose some problems when subjected to prolonged usage in CI engine. These problems are attributed to high viscosity, low volatility and polyunsaturated character of the neat vegetable oils. These problems are reduced to minimum by subjecting the vegetable oils to the process of transesterification. Various properties of the biodiesel thus developed are evaluated and compared in relation to that of conventional diesel oil. These tests for biodiesel and diesel oil include density, viscosity, flash point, aniline point/cetane number, calorific value, etc. The prepared biodiesel was then subjected to performance and emission tests in order to evaluate its actual performance, when used as a diesel engine fuel. The data generated for various concentrations of biodiesel blends were compared with base line data generated for neat diesel oil. It was found that 20 percent blend of biodiesel gave the best performance amongst all blends. It gave net advantage of 2.5 percent in peak thermal efficiency and there was substantial reduction in smoke opacity values. This blend was chosen for long term endurance test. The engine operating on optimum biodiesel blend showed substantially improved behavior. A series of engine tests provided adequate and relevant information that the biodiesel can be used as an alternative, environment friendly fuel in existing diesel engines without substantial hardware modification.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Production of Karanja Oil Methyl Ester and Its Effect on Diesel Engine

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Shrivastava ◽  
S.N Varma ◽  
M Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Karanja Oil

Fast depletion of fossil fuel resources forces the extensive research on the alternative fuels. Vegetable oils edible or non edible can be a better substitute for the petroleum diesel. Karanja, a non edible oil can be a potential source to replace the diesel fuel. To investigate the feasibility of Karanja oil as an alternative diesel fuel, its biodiesel was prepared through the transesterification process. The Biodiesel was then subjected to performance and emission tests in order to assess its actual performance, when used as a diesel engine fuel. The data generated for the 20, 50 and 100 percent blended biodiesel were compared with base line data generated for neat diesel fuel. Result showed that the Biodiesel and its blend showed lower thermal efficiency. Emission of Carbon monoxide, unburned Hydrocarbon and smoke was found to be reduced where as oxides of nitrogen was higher with biodiesel and its blends. Keywords: alternate Diesel fuel; Biodiesel; Karanja oil methyl ester; performance and emission

scholarly journals COMBUSTION ANALYSIS OF D-LIMONENE AS AN ADDITIVE TO DIESEL-BIODIESEL BLENDS IN COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 03
Author(s):  
L. F. Micheli ◽  
L. E. R. Pereira ◽  
D. L. Módolo ◽  
W. K. D. C. Saruhashi
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines

Vegetable oils, when subjected to transesterification process generate “vegetable oils esters”, with similar properties as density, cetane number, heating values, air-fuel ratio. However, problems resulting from the higher viscosity, leads to a worst spraying and combustion, formation of undesirable deposits on engine parts and contamination of the lubricant oil. Due to these problems, it is interesting to study an additive, also derived from biomass, to improve the characteristics of biodiesel for a suitable use in diesel engines. This paper proposes an additive (d-limonene obtained from orange peel) and preliminary results obtained from the tests in a stationary diesel engine fueled with mixtures of diesel/biodiesel/d-limonene, in different concentration to compare with a regular diesel-biodiesel blend and analyzes the influence of the additive on the combustion process. The diesel oil used was purchased from BR supply network (containing 7% biodiesel in its composition) and two blends with different concentrations of the additive (1% and 3% of d-limonene) were prepared and tested. Diesel without additive was also tested. The effects of the DS10 addititivation with d-limonene in the combustion process of a diesel engine have been analyzed, the results obtained were satisfactory showing the positive effects in the combustion process with the addition of d-limonene in diesel-biodiesel blends, decreasing the ignition delay around 2 degrees and showing an improvement in the cetane number of the fuel.

Dimethyl Ether (DME): A New Alternative Fuel for Diesel Vehicle

2010 ◽  
Vol 156-157 ◽  
pp. 1014-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Bao Li
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Property Measurement ◽  
Blend Fuel ◽  
Blended Fuels

To use dimethyl ether as fuel for compression ignition engine to partially replace fossil oil, this study developed a city bus operating on DME blended with diesel oil. Considering fuel lubricity, viscosity, and calorific value, the optimized mixing ratio for blend fuel was chosen as 20 wt% DME in diesel oil (D20). Vapor pressure experiments carried out using a highly accurate thermophysical property measurement system showed that the backpressure for blended fuels must not be lower than 0.6Mpa to avoid vapor block in the engine fuel supply system. Moreover, because DME attacks conventional polymer sealants in the fuel system, new sealants made of nitrile rubber (NBR) were used to replace those original one. Experiments demonstrated that these were resistant to swelling by DME. For engine performance, it was found that fueled with D20, the rated engine power output can be comparable to that of diesel engine after increasing the supplied fuel amount per cycle, while the overall fuel economy was improved simultaneously. Moreover, for load characteristics at 1800r/min, over 70% reduction in smoke and 20% reduction in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission were achieved, indicating that using DME blends as fuel can significantly improve the engine emissions.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production Utilizing Diverse Sources, Classification of Oils and Their Esters, Performance and Emission Characteristics: A Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 976-983
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Detailed Assessment

The ever increasing utilization of energy has resulted in the nation becoming progressively more dependent on fossil fuels such as oil, coal and gas. The mounting prices of crude oil and natural gas and their impending paucity have raised qualms about the security of energy supply in future, which has severe consequence on the augmentation of a countries economy. The alternative to fossil fuels are the nonconventional energy sources, they are plentiful, renewable, pollution-free and eco-friendly. Therefore, the need to utilize renewable energy sources like solar energy, wind, tide, biodiesel has publicized its significance. Biodiesel is one of the unsurpassed resources that have come to the cutting edge recently. In this article, highly rated research journals on biofuels were referred and a detailed assessment has been conducted to emphasize different aspects to biodiesel engineering. These aspects include biodiesel feed stocks, a range of various methods used in production of biodiesel such as pyrolysis, micro emulsion, dilution and transesterification (alcoholysis). The study was extended to understand the effect of biodiesel blend magnitude on the performance of engine parameters such as brake power (BP), brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and fuel properties like cloud point, flash point, calorific value, kinematic viscosity, density, and cetane number as well as the economic viability, emission characteristics and finally Greenhouse gas emissions

The Influence of Cetane Additive on Diesel Oil Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 343-346
Author(s):  
Chao Liang ◽  
Ya Xu Chu ◽  
Jian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fraction ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Boiler Fuel ◽  
Oil Performance

The production of mesothermal coal tar dutrey oil cetane number is low grade, heavy fraction is too much, and will affect the use of the product range. Generally only used as a boiler fuel, not as a diesel engine fuel. By adding a cetane number of Heavy Dutrex by join cetane additive, can increase the cetane number of Heavy Dutrex oil and accelerate the burning rate of Heavy Dutrex, improve thermal efficiency and emissions of combustion quality, the use of diesel engines to meet the needs.

scholarly journals Performance and Emission Characteristics of Dual Fuel CI Engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 820-822
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Pilot Fuel ◽  
Ci Engine

The present concern on energy demands, cause a growing interest on different fuels, for a sustainable solution, typical engines befittingly changed and experimented for favorable results. This context the present work dealt a newer approach as LPG as primary fuel and diesel DEE as pilot fuel. LPG gas presents a very promising alternative to diesel oil since they are having similar properties. The LPG has a low cetane number, therefore DEE added to the LPG to enhance cetane number. With the cetane improver, stable Diesel engine operation over a good range of the engine loads was possible. In this work, we studied the emissions of Diesel-LPG-DEE blends at completely different mixture and different loads. Experimental result showed that the thermal potency of LPG powered Diesel engine was equivalent to Diesel fuel operation. Exhaust emissions measurements showed that NOX and smoke could be significantly reduced with the blend of LPG, and DEE.

scholarly journals A Review on the Thermochemical Recycling of Waste Tyres to Oil for Automobile Engine Application

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3837
Author(s):  
Mohammad I. Jahirul ◽  
Farhad M. Hossain ◽  
Mohammad G. Rasul ◽  
Ashfaque Ahmed Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Automobile Engines ◽  
Direct Use

Utilising pyrolysis as a waste tyre processing technology has various economic and social advantages, along with the fact that it is an effective conversion method. Despite extensive research and a notable likelihood of success, this technology has not yet seen implementation in industrial and commercial settings. In this review, over 100 recent publications are reviewed and summarised to give attention to the current state of global tyre waste management, pyrolysis technology, and plastic waste conversion into liquid fuel. The study also investigated the suitability of pyrolysis oil for use in diesel engines and provided the results on diesel engine performance and emission characteristics. Most studies show that discarded tyres can yield 40–60% liquid oil with a calorific value of more than 40 MJ/kg, indicating that they are appropriate for direct use as boiler and furnace fuel. It has a low cetane index, as well as high viscosity, density, and aromatic content. According to diesel engine performance and emission studies, the power output and combustion efficiency of tyre pyrolysis oil are equivalent to diesel fuel, but engine emissions (NOX, CO, CO, SOX, and HC) are significantly greater in most circumstances. These findings indicate that tyre pyrolysis oil is not suitable for direct use in commercial automobile engines, but it can be utilised as a fuel additive or combined with other fuels.

Wear Assessment in a Biodiesel Fueled Compression Ignition Engine

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 820-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Agarwal ◽  
J. Bijwe ◽  
L. M. Das
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Metal Debris ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Biodiesel Blend

Biodiesel is prepared using linseed oil and methanol by the process of transesterification. Use of linseed oil methyl ester (LOME) in a compression ignition engine was found to develop a highly compatible engine-fuel system with low emission characteristics. Two similar engines were operated using optimum biodiesel blend and mineral diesel oil, respectively. These were subjected to long-term endurance tests. Lubricating oil samples drawn from both engines after a fixed interval were subjected to elemental analysis. Quantification of various metal debris concentrations was done by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Wear metals were found to be about 30% lower for a biodiesel-operated engine system. Lubricating oil samples were also subjected to ferrography indicating lower wear debris concentrations for a biodiesel-operated engine. The additional lubricating property of LOME present in the fuel resulted in lower wear and improved life of moving components in a biodiesel-fuelled engine. However, this needed experimental verification and quantification. A series of experiments were thus conducted to compare the lubricity of various concentrations of LOME in biodiesel blends. Long duration tests were conducted using reciprocating motion in an SRV optimol wear tester to evaluate the coefficient of friction, specific wear rates, etc. The extent of damage, coefficient of friction, and specific wear rates decreased with increase in the percentage of LOME in the biodiesel blend. Scanning electron microscopy was conducted on the surfaces exposed to wear. The disk and pin using 20% biodiesel blend as the lubricating oil showed lesser damage compared to the one subjected to diesel oil as the lubricating fluid, confirming additional lubricity of biodiesel.

scholarly journals Environmental Risk Mitigation by Biodiesel Blending from Eichhornia crassipes: Performance and Emission Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8274
Author(s):  
Hasanain A. Abdul Wahhab ◽  
Hussain H. Al-Kayiem
Keyword(s):  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Good Potential

The aggressive growth of Eichhornia crassipes (Water Hyacinth) plants causes severe damage to the irrigation, environment, and waterway systems in Iraq. This study aims to produce, characterize, and test biofuel extracted from the Eichhornia crassipes plant in Iraq. The extracted biodiesel was mixed at 10%, 20%, and 40% with neat diesel to produce three biodiesel samples. The methodology consists of the physiochemical properties of the samples that were characterized. The performance of the IC engine fueled by neat and biodiesel samples was measured under various operational conditions. The exhaust gases were analyzed to estimate the compounds to assess the environmental impact. The results showed that the density and viscosity of mixtures increase and the calorific value decrease with biodiesel. The engine test showed that the diesel + 10BE, diesel + 20BE, and diesel + 40BE enhanced brake thermal efficiency using 2.6%, 4.2%, and 6.3%, respectively, compared to neat diesel. Exhaust tests show a slight reduction, of 0.85–3.69% and 2.48–6.93%, in CO and HC emission, respectively. NOx is higher by 1.87–7.83% compared with neat diesel. The results revealed that biodiesel blended from Eichhornia crassipes is a viable solution to mitigate the drastic impact on the environment and economy in Iraq. The blended biodiesel has good potential to be mixed with the locally produced diesel from oil refineries.

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