Validation of the Index to Determine Design Parameters of a WEC for the Cost Optimization of a Wave Farm

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Okamoto ◽  
Yutaro Fukaya ◽  
Yasushi Higo
Keyword(s):  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Parameter Combination ◽  
Index Value ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Validation Tests ◽  
Wave Farm

An index to estimate the cost of electricity (COE) generated by a wave farm from the design parameters of a wave energy converter (WEC), such as the body size and the generator capacity, was examined to show the validity of index value in this study. The validation tests are performed for three different wave farm settings at three different locations. The result displays the potential of index to capture the trend of COE value especially when the wave farm size is small. The calculation result of COE reveals that the parameter combination to give better profitability is determined by the balance between WEC construction fee and installation fee. So, it would be different from the optimum size to have the best energy conversion efficiency. It also explains the shift of parameter combination to give the better profitability when the size of wave farm is changed. However, the index contains certain level of error because of the lack of this feature. Therefore, the error becomes larger when the size of wave farm becomes larger. As a result, it was found that the modification of the index is needed to improve the accuracy by including the cost related to the number of buoys in the wave farm.

Statistically constrained economic design of X ¯ control chart with Weibull in-control time for processes subject to multiple assignable causes

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hosein Nadreri ◽  
Mohamad Bameni Moghadam ◽  
Asghar Seif
Keyword(s):  
Control Chart ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
The Body ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sampling Schemes ◽  
Uniform Sampling ◽  
Non Uniform Sampling ◽  
The Cost

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop an economic statistical design based on the concepts of adjusted average time to signal (AATS) andANFforX¯control chart under a Weibull shock model with multiple assignable causes.Design/methodology/approachThe design used in this study is based on a multiple assignable causes cost model. The new proposed cost model is compared with the same cost and time parameters and optimal design parameters under uniform and non-uniform sampling schemes.FindingsNumerical results indicate that the cost model with non-uniform sampling cost has a lower cost than that with uniform sampling. By using sensitivity analysis, the effect of changing fixed and variable parameters of time, cost and Weibull distribution parameters on the optimum values of design parameters and loss cost is examined and discussed.Practical implicationsThis research adds to the body of knowledge relating to the quality control of process monitoring systems. This paper may be of particular interest to practitioners of quality systems in factories where multiple assignable causes affect the production process.Originality/valueThe cost functions for uniform and non-uniform sampling schemes are presented based on multiple assignable causes withAATSandANFconcepts for the first time.

A Very Simple Index to Determine Design Parameters of Wave Energy Converter for Wave Farm Cost Optimization

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Okamoto ◽  
Yasushi Higo ◽  
Yutaro Fukaya
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Wave Energy Converter ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Energy Converter ◽  
Wave Condition ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Wave Farm

Expansion of the deployment site of wave power generation plant to lower wave energy sites is a key for the market size expansion, which contributes the reduction of the cost of electricity. However, it is not easy to take place from the economical view point since the revenue is limited by the low wave energy. Also, since current prototypes are designed for very energetic seas, they are too large for milder conditions. In order to improve the economic feasibility, design parameters of wave energy converter (WEC) have to be adjusted to the existing wave condition at the site. However, no method exists for this purpose. A new index to determine parameters of WEC for having better economic feasibility in wave farm is introduced in this work, so that the designer can see the relative superiority among parameter combinations without conducting complex economic feasibility studies. The index value was examined through an economic feasibility study of hypothetical wave farm project at Japan and found that it reasonably indicates the level of cost of electricity.

scholarly journals The Influence of Main Design Parameters on the Overall Cost of a Gearbox

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc-Pi Vu ◽  
Dinh-Ngoc Nguyen ◽  
Anh-Tung Luu ◽  
Ngoc-Giang Tran ◽  
Thi-Hong Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Main Design ◽  
Optimization Program ◽  
The Third ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Total Ratio

This study is aimed at determining optimum partial gear ratios to minimize the cost of a three-stage helical gearbox. In this work, eleven input parameters were investigated to find their influence on the optimum gear ratios of the second and the third stages ( u 2 and u 3 ). To reach the goal, a simulation experiment was designed and implemented by a cost optimization program. The results revealed that in addition to the input parameters, their interactions also have important effects in which the total ratio gearbox ratio ( u t ) and the cost of shaft ( C s ) have the most impact on u 2 and u 3 responses, respectively. Moreover, the proposed models of the two responses are highly consistent to the experimental results. The proposed regression equations can be applied to solve optimization cost problems.

scholarly journals Evolution and Modern Approaches of the Power Transformer Cost Optimization Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Orosz
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Mathematical Optimization ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Transformer Design ◽  
Physical Fields ◽  
The Cost

Transformer design is a challenging engineering task, where the different physical fields have to be harmonized together to fulfill the implied specifications. Due to the difficulty of this task, it can be separated into several subproblems. The first subproblem, in the pre-concept phase, during the transformer design is the calculation of the cost optimal key-design parameters, where not only the technical but also the economical parameters have to be considered, as well. This subproblem belongs to the most general branch of the non-linear mathematical optimization problems. This paper presents the main directions of the evolution and trends in the power transformer design. Main directions of the considered research and the future trends in the field of preliminary design transformer optimization methods are summarized.

Perbedaan Penggunaan Antikoagulan K2EDTA DAN K3EDTA Terhadap Hasil Pemeriksaan Indeks Eritrosit

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Wahdaniah Wahdaniah ◽  
Sri Tumpuk
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ethylene Diamine ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Index Value

Abstract: Routine blood examination is the earliest blood test or screening test to determine the diagnosis of an abnormality. Blood easily froze if it is outside the body and can be prevented by the addition of anticoagulants, one of which Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Currently available vacuum tubes containing EDTA anticoagulants in the form of K2EDTA and K3EDTA. K3EDTA is usually a salt that has better stability than other EDTA salts because it shows a pH approaching a blood pH of about 6.4. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of erythrocyte index results include MCH, MCV and MCHC using K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA. This research is a cross sectional design. This study used venous blood samples mixed with K2EDTA anticoagulant and venous blood mixed with K3EDTA anticoagulants, each of 30 samples. Data were collected and analyzed using paired different test. Based on data analysis that has been done on MCH examination, p value <0,05 then there is a significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value. Then on the examination of MCV and MCHC obtained p value <0.05 then there is no significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value.Abstrak: Pemeriksaan darah rutin merupakan pemeriksaan darah yang paling awal atau screening test untuk mengetahui diagnosis suatu kelainan. Darah mudah membeku jika berada diluar tubuh dan bisa dicegah dengan penambahan antikoagulan, salah satunya Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Dewasa ini telah tersedia tabung vakum yang sudah berisi antikoagulan EDTA dalam bentuk  K2EDTA dan  K3EDTA. K3EDTA  biasanya berupa garam yang mempunyai stabilitas yang lebih baik dari garam EDTA yang lain karena menunjukkan pH yang mendekati pH darah yaitu sekitar 6,4. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil indeks eritrosit meliputi MCH, MCV dan MCHC menggunakan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K2EDTA dan darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA, masing-masing sebanyak 30 sampel. Data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis menggunakan uji beda berpasangan. Berdasarkan analisis data yang telah dilakukan pada pemeriksaan MCH didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit. Kemudian pada pemeriksaan MCV dan MCHC didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit.

Making Up 3D Bodies

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kiona Hagen Niehaus ◽  
Rebecca Fiebrink
Keyword(s):  
Software Tool ◽  
The Body ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Human Form ◽  
Modeling Systems ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes the process of developing a software tool for digital artistic exploration of 3D human figures. Previously available software for modeling mesh-based 3D human figures restricts user output based on normative assumptions about the form that a body might take, particularly in terms of gender, race, and disability status, which are reinforced by ubiquitous use of range-limited sliders mapped to singular high-level design parameters. CreatorCustom, the software prototype created during this research, is designed to foreground an exploratory approach to modeling 3D human bodies, treating the digital body as a sculptural landscape rather than a presupposed form for rote technical representation. Building on prior research into serendipity in Human-Computer Interaction and 3D modeling systems for users at various levels of proficiency, among other areas, this research comprises two qualitative studies and investigation of the impact on the first author's artistic practice. Study 1 uses interviews and practice sessions to explore the practices of six queer artists working with the body and the language, materials, and actions they use in their practice; these then informed the design of the software tool. Study 2 investigates the usability, creativity support, and bodily implications of the software when used by thirteen artists in a workshop. These studies reveal the importance of exploration and unexpectedness in artistic practice, and a desire for experimental digital approaches to the human form.

scholarly journals Wideband Rectangular Foldable and Non-foldable Antenna for Internet of Things Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve W. Y. Mung ◽  
Cheuk Yin Cheung ◽  
Ka Ming Wu ◽  
Joseph S. M. Yuen
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Multiple Frequency ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Cost

This article presents a simple wideband rectangular antenna in foldable and non-foldable (printed circuit board (PCB)) structures for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Both are simple structures with two similar rectangular metal planes which cover multiple frequency bands such as GPS, WCDMA/LTE, and 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands. This wideband antenna is suitable to integrate into the short- and long-range wireless applications such as the short-range 2.4 GHz ISM band and standard cellular bands. This lowers the overall size of the product as well as the cost in the applications. In this article, the configuration and operation principle are presented as well as its trade-offs on the design parameters. Simulated and experimental results of foldable and non-foldable (PCB) structures show that the antenna is suited for IoT applications.

Cost Optimization of Net-Zero Energy House

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Mertz ◽  
Gregory S. Raffio ◽  
Kelly Kissock
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Resource Limitations ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Building Energy Use ◽  
The Cost

Environmental and resource limitations provide increased motivation for design of net-zero energy or net-zero CO2 buildings. The optimum building design will have the lowest lifecycle cost. This paper describes a method of performing and comparing lifecycle costs for standard, CO2-neutral and net-zero energy buildings. Costs of source energy are calculated based on the cost of photovoltaic systems, tradable renewable certificates, CO2 credits and conventional energy. Building energy simulation is used to determine building energy use. A case study is conducted on a proposed net-zero energy house. The paper identifies the least-cost net-zero energy house, the least-cost CO2 neutral house, and the overall least-cost house. The methodology can be generalized to different climates and buildings. The method and results may be of interest to builders, developers, city planners, or organizations managing multiple buildings.

Analytic Optimization of Cost Effective Thermoelectric Generation on Top of Rankine Cycle

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Yazawa ◽  
Yee Rui Koh ◽  
Ali Shakouri
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Steam Temperature ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
The Impact

Thermoelectric (TE) generators have a potential advantage of the wide applicable temperature range by a proper selection of materials. In contrast, a steam turbine (ST) as a Rankine cycle thermodynamic generator is limited up to more or less 630 °C for the heat source. Unlike typical waste energy recovery systems, we propose a combined system placing a TE generator on top of a ST Rankine cycle generator. This system produces an additional power from the same energy source comparing to a stand-alone steam turbine system. Fuel efficiency is essential both for the economic efficiency and the ecological friendliness, especially for the global warming concern on the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. We report our study of the overall performance of the combined system with primarily focusing on the design parameters of thermoelectric generators. The steam temperature connecting two individual generators gives a trade-off in the system design. Too much lower the temperature reduces the ST performance and too much higher the temperature reduces the temperature difference across the TE generator hence reduces the TE performance. Based on the analytic modeling, the optimum steam temperature to be designed is found near at the maximum power design of TE generator. This optimum point changes depending on the hours-of-operation. It is because the energy conversion efficiency directly connects to the fuel consumption rate. As the result, physical upper-limit temperature of steam for ST appeared to provide the best fuel economy. We also investigated the impact of improving the figure-of-merit (ZT) of TE materials. As like generic TE engines, reduction of thermal conductivity is the most influential parameter for improvement. We also discuss the cost-performance. The combined system provides the payback per power output at the initial and also provides the significantly better energy economy [$/KWh].

Influence of the cost of technological equipment of body production on indicators of efficiency of working processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Production Body ◽  
Body Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Efficiency Indicators ◽  
Selection Of

The possibilities for the development of bodywork in the context of the growing level of competition are analyzed in the article. The technological processes of bodywork are considered and the problem of choosing technological equipment is indicated. The statistical data about the efficiency indicators of company body divisions, operating in the body repair market in Krasnoyarsk, are presented. A composite quality index for the equipment of the bodywork department (using the example of body stocks) is proposed and calculated, and on its basis, some recommendations are given for companies which plan to enter the market of body repair services. Keywords: body production, body repair, body equipment, body production efficiency, selection of technological equipment

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