Preparing Severely and Profoundly Mentally Retarded Adults for Tests of Motor Fitness

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip D. Tomporowski ◽  
Norman R. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Fitness Testing ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Modeling Instruction ◽  
Motor Fitness ◽  
Graduated Guidance ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Minimal Improvement ◽  
Long Jump

The effectiveness of using behavior shaping techniques to prepare nine institutionalized severely and profoundly mentally retarded adults for tests of motor fitness was assessed. Three severely mentally retarded subjects served as the executive subjects in a yoked-control study. Each executive subject was paired randomly with two profoundly mentally retarded subjects. A three-phase multiple baseline experiment was then conducted with executive subjects; yoked subjects received the same intervention as their executive partner. The training program consisted of a verbal instruction baseline phase, a modeling phase, and a graduated guidance phase. Tasks used for training were the shuttle run and standing long jump. Modeling instruction produced minimal improvement in subject performance; however, graduated guidance instruction produced marked, immediate improvement in the performance of six of nine subjects on both tasks. These results suggest that physical prompting techniques will prepare some, but not all, severely and profoundly mentally retarded adults for motor fitness testing.

scholarly journals Physical Fitness Testing and Screening Reveal a Gateway to Identify Locomotive Disorders: Retrospective Study of a Japanese Elementary School Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110624
Author(s):  
Syuro Ito ◽  
Takahiko Fukumoto ◽  
Hidetaka Imagita
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Fitness Testing ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
School Based ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Physical Fitness Testing

This retrospective epidemiological study investigated the relationship between physical fitness testing and locomotive disorder screening results among elementary school children in Japan. The test and screening results of 1033 children from a single elementary school between 2016 and 2018 were examined. Multiple regression analysis was performed for each gender of children of grades third and fourth to generate receiver-operating characteristic curves. Of the 69 children with parent-identified locomotor problems, 29 (42%) had physical fitness test score of mean ± 2 SD. For the standing long jump test in fourth grade girls, the results differed significantly ( P < .001; cut-off, 127 cm) for children whose parents did (n = 7) and did not (n = 84) suspect a possible locomotive disorder. Physical fitness testing in combination with school-based screening for locomotive disorders may be useful for identifying and accurately diagnosing these disorders in children.

scholarly journals DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MOTOR ABILITIES IN BOYS AND GIRLS AGED 10 AND 9

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Predrag Lazarević ◽  
Srdjan Milosavljević ◽  
Snežana Lazarević ◽  
Vladan Marković ◽  
Ana Savić
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Fitness Testing ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Hand Tapping ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

The aim of this research is to confirm differences in the anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities of schoolchildren aged 9 and 10 compared by sex and age. The sample comprised 341 schoolchildren, divided into two subgroups of third (172) and fourth (169) graders. The research is of a transversal character and includes the measurement of anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities by applying the Eurofit fitness testing battery. The results show a significant difference based on sex in terms of body mass (t = 2.148), and as for motor abilities, there is a difference in the Shuttle run test (t = -3.709). A statistically significant difference considering the age of the tested population was observed in height (t = -10.327) and body mass (Z = -5,991), while in terms of motor abilities there was a statistically significant difference in the values of all the tests: Hand tapping (t = 4.735), the Standing long jump (Z = -3,575), Shuttle run (t = 12,248), the Flexed arm hang (Z = -2,167), Sit and reach (Z = -2,406), Sit-ups in 30 seconds (t = -9069). The research shows a higher statistically significant difference observed in body composition, but also in the motor area of the studied group in terms of age, and in relation to the statistically significant difference that was revealed by gender.

Jumping Coordination Patterns of Mildly Mentally Retarded Children

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. DiRocco ◽  
Jane E. Clark ◽  
Sally J. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Developmental Sequence ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Coordination Patterns

The purpose of the study was to determine if mildly mentally retarded (MMR) children followed the same developmental sequence of coordination for the propulsive phase of the standing long jump as their nonhandicapped (NH) peers. Subjects for the study included 39 MMR and 90 NH children, ages 4-7 years. Each subject was filmed performing several standing long jumps. Jumping patterns were analyzed from the film records, and distance jumped also was determined from the film. Results indicated that the arm and leg patterns of coordination proposed for NH children by Clark and Phillips (1985) were comprehensive enough to include the MMR children. In spite of similar patterns of coordination, the age group means for the distance jumped by the MMR subjects were 2 to 3 years behind their NH peers. Two explanations are offered for this deficit in distance jumped: first, there may be differences in coordination between the arm and leg action, and second, there may be differences in control mechanisms.

Locomotive and Non-Locomotive Activity as Determined by Triaxial Accelerometry and Physical Fitness in Japanese Preschool Children

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiaki Tanaka ◽  
Yuki Hikihara ◽  
Kazunori Ohkawara ◽  
Shigeho Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Fitness Testing ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Locomotive Activity ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Run Test

This study examined the potential relationship between participation in physical activity (PA) assessed by triaxial accelerometry and physical fitness testing, including health-related and skill-related parameters of fitness, in 136 Japanese preschoolers (65 girls and 71 boys, 5.5 ± 0.6 years). In partial correlation analyses, grip strength and 20m shuttle run test were positively correlated with time spent in physical activity ratio (PAR) ≥ 4. Better scores on standing long jump distance and jump over and crawl under tests were associated with lower sedentary time and greater moderate-to-vigorous PA time and PAR ≥ 4 time, and increased physical activity level. Moreover, 25m run speed was positively correlated with time spent in PAR ≥ 4 and locomotive activity. These findings suggest that development of both health-related (muscle strength and aerobic fitness) and skill-related fitness (power, agility and speed) may make engagement in PA easier for preschool children, although further research on the cause-effect relationship is needed.

Reliability of Selected Psychomotor Measures with Mentally Retarded Adult Males

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Psychomotor Tasks ◽  
Reliability Coefficients

Reliability estimates were determined for 24 moderately mentally retarded adult males on three psychomotor tasks. For four consecutive days measures were taken on reaction time, auditory and visual, 15 trials daily for each; grip strength, dominant and non-dominant hand, two trials daily for each; and standing long jump, three trials daily. Analyses of variance, adjusted for day-to-day trend, were applied to the data. Intraclass reliability coefficients for both dominant ( R = .96) and non-dominant ( R = .94) handgrip strength were high. The reaction time scores for both the auditory ( R = .87) and visual ( R = .83) data were moderately reliable. A low reliability coefficient ( R = .49) was obtained for the standing long jump.

scholarly journals Discriminant analysis: peculiarities of impact of sports specialization on 3rd-year female students’ functional and motor fitness

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 374-381
Author(s):  
Serhii Chernenko ◽  
Wladyslaw Jagiello ◽  
Olha Ivashchenko ◽  
Oleg Khudolii ◽  
Sviatoslava Pashkevich
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Body ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Motor Fitness ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Romberg Test

Background and Study Aim. The objective of the study was to determine the peculiarities of impact of sports specialization on 3rd-year female students’ functional and motor fitness. Materials and methods. The study involved 3rd-year female students of the Donbas State Engineering Academy in Kramatorsk, who practiced badminton (n = 43), aerobics (n = 43), and callanetics (n = 43). To solve the tasks set, the following research methods were used: analysis of scientific literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical testing; index method and medical-biological methods. Pedagogical methods were used to study the peculiarities of students’ functional state of the body and motor abilities; for data processing discriminant analysis was used. Sectional classes were held in groups according to the schedule – twice a week. Results. The study revealed the peculiarities of impact of attending badminton, aerobics, and callanetics sports sections on the level of 3rd-year female students’ functional and motor fitness. The female students who play badminton show better results in the 100-meter dash and the Standing long jump. In the exercise “Push-ups”, better results are shown by the female students who do aerobics. Conclusions. The results of classification of students by the level of motor and functional fitness and the analysis of multidimensional averages (centroids) point to the peculiarities of dynamics of female students’ state depending on sports specialization. The results of the following tests are most important for differentiated assessment of the state of motor and functional fitness at the first level: Romberg test (r = 0.662), 100-meter dash (r = 0.491), Push-ups (r = 0.491). At the second level – Stange test (r = 0.417), Standing long jump (r = 0.412).

Teaching Athletic Skills to Students Who are Mentally Retarded

1983 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Cuvo ◽  
Patrick J. Ellis ◽  
Ira E. Wisotzek ◽  
Paula J. Davis ◽  
Don Schilling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Athletic Activity ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Behavioral Techniques ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
The Right

P.L. 94–142 provides the right to physical education for handicapped pupils including nonacademic and extracurricular activities such as athletics. Despite the legislative mandate for physical education and the value of athletic activity, few validated programs have been published to teach complex gross motor skills, such as sports, to mentally retarded students. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to evaluate procedures to teach athletic skills to moderately and severely mentally retarded students. Participants were taught the standing long jump (Experiment 1) and the 50-yard dash (Experiment 2), using task analysis and a training package of prompts and response consequences. Experimental control was evaluated by the multiple baseline across subjects design. Results showed acquisition and maintenance of the two athletic skills. The efficacy of behavioral techniques for teaching athletic skills to moderately and severely retarded persons is also discussed.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Motor and Functional Fitness of 6th Grade Boys of an Underfilled School Under Quarantine Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Hladka
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
School Year ◽  
Motor Fitness ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Long Jump

The purpose of the study was to determine the dynamics of motor and functional fitness of 6th grade boys of an underfilled school during the school year under quarantine conditions. Materials and methods. The study involved 6th grade boys (n = 6), who were 11 years old at the beginning of the experiment. The study used methods of mathematical statistics for processing research results, analysis of scientific and methodological literature, testing to assess schoolchildren’s motor and functional fitness. Study results. The indices of the 6th grade students’ motor fitness deteriorated significantly after quarantine. A comparative analysis of the arithmetic mean of the indices showed that in shuttle run 4x9 m (agility) the results deteriorated by 3%, push-ups (strength) by 24.1%, pull-ups (strength) by 41.6%, bent arm hang (strength) by 18.8%, standing long jump (speed and strength qualities) by 1.29%, trunk bend in lying support (flexibility) by 41.5%.  As of September 2020, the indices of functional fitness of the 6th grade students also decreased. A comparative analysis of the arithmetic mean of the indices showed that in Shtange test the results deteriorated by 12.6%, and in Genchi test by 14.3%. The introduced quarantine measures and distance learning have negatively affected the schoolchildren’s motor and functional fitness. Conclusions. During the school year, the boys show a positive dynamics of results, and after quarantine measures there is negative dynamics, due to the lack of physical education classes. The testing results indicate the possibility of improving physical education classes, increasing motor activity, enhancing the level of motor fitness, based on the sensitive period of children’s development and individual approach to each school student.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Motor Fitness Dynamics of 5th-6th Grade Students During a School Year

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykyta Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Educational Standards ◽  
School Year ◽  
Motor Fitness ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
The Impact ◽  
5Th Grade ◽  
Shuttle Run

The study purpose was to determine the impact of physical education classes on the dynamics of motor fitness of 5th-6th grade students. Materials and methods. The study participants were 17 5th grade boys and 17 6th grade boys. The study used the following methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing and methods of mathematical statistics for processing the study results. Thematic planning of educational work was carried out based on the updated physical education curriculum for 5th-9th grades of general educational institutions. Results. There are statistically significant changes in the 5th grade boys’ results of educational standards: Test 2 “Shuttle run 4×9 m (sec)” and Test 4 “Standing long jump (cm)” (p < 0.05). The results in Test 2 improve by 6.2 %, in Test 4 by 7.1 %. There are statistically significant changes in the 6th grade boys’ results of educational standards: Test 2 “Shuttle run 4×9 m (sec)” (p < 0.1) and Test 4 “Standing long jump (cm)” (p < 0.05). The results in Test 2 improve by 4.4 %, in Test 4 by 12.9 %. Conclusions. Discriminant analysis revealed that by the multivariate mean the boys’ motor fitness at the beginning and end of the school year is classified as two different states. This indicates a positive impact of physical education classes on the dynamics of motor fitness of 5th and 6th grade boys.The level of schoolchildren’s motor fitness depends on coordination and speed-strength training carried out during physical education classes.

scholarly journals Organization of 6th-Grade Schoolchildren’s Physical Training Under Quarantine Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Oksana Tsukanova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Training ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Motor Fitness ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
6Th Graders

Study purpose. To determine the dynamics of 6th-grade schoolchildren’s motor fitness under quarantine conditions. Materials and methods. The study participants were 6th graders of the Pisochyn Lyceum, Pisochyn village, of a specialized class with in-depth study of mathematics, boys aged 11–12 (n = 13). The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. To analyse the schoolchildren’s physical fitness under quarantine conditions, the study used methods of theoretical analysis, systematization, comparison, pedagogical observations, and generalization of data of scientific and methodological literature. To organize the process of physical training of 6th-grade schoolchildren under quarantine conditions, the study used the Google Classroom educational platform with a notebook of physical self-education, posting of theoretical program material and monitoring of the pupils’ learning achievements through ZOOM conferences and test tasks. Results. According to a set of tests, there are statistically significant changes in testing results of the 6th-grade boys. Thus, in test No. 1 “Pull-ups”, the results deteriorated by 11.7% (p = 0.027), in test No. 3 “Sit-ups in 1 min” – by 3.7% (p = 0.046), in test No. 4 “Standing long jump” – by 1.5% (p = 0.001), in test No. 5 “30 m running” – by 5.5% (p = 0.001), in test No. 6 “1,000 m running” – by 7.6% (p = 0.001), in test No. 7 “Seated forward bend” – by 13.8% (p = 0.02). In test No. 2 “Push-ups”, the results deteriorated by 7.1%, the differences between mean values are statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Conclusions. The analysis of testing results revealed a negative influence of self-isolation on the dynamics of motor fitness of the 6th-grade boys. Distance physical education is not effective, it can only be used as one of the methods of the educational process.

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