The Effect of Choice on Motor Learning for Learners With Different Levels of Intrinsic Motivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachi Ikudome ◽  
Kou Kou ◽  
Kisho Ogasa ◽  
Shiro Mori ◽  
Hiroki Nakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Learning Situation ◽  
Task Motivation ◽  
Choice Group ◽  
Dart Throwing ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Different Levels

This study examines whether the positive effect of choice on motor learning in a dart-throwing task varies by intrinsic motivation. Participants were allocated to a highly motivated or less-motivated group based on measured task motivation and randomly to a Choice or No Choice group. In Experiment 1, participants in the Choice group chose their dart color. In Experiment 2, they chose when to observe a model demonstration. Results showed that the effect of choice on motor learning differed between highly and less-motivated participants in Experiment 1 (i.e., interaction between motivation and choice) but not Experiment 2 (i.e., main effects of motivation and choice). Specifically, motor learning was enhanced in less-motivated but not highly motivated participants when choosing dart color, while it was enhanced regardless of initial intrinsic motivation when choosing model-demonstration time. Therefore, external provision of choice in a motor-learning situation may not be equally effective across learners.

Investigating the Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of an Incidental Choice on Motor Learning

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk F. Grand ◽  
Marcos Daou ◽  
Keith R. Lohse ◽  
Matthew W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Augmented Feedback ◽  
Feedback Processing ◽  
Choice Group ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Practice Performance ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation Inventory

The present study investigated whether motivation and augmented feedback processing explain the effect of an incidental choice on motor learning, and examined whether motivation and feedback processing generally predict learning. Accordingly, participants were assigned to one of two groups, choice or yoked, then asked to practice a nondominant arm beanbag toss. The choice group was allowed to choose the color of the beanbag with which they made the toss, whereas the yoked group was not. Motor learning was determined by delayed-posttest accuracy and precision. Motivation and augmented feedback processing were indexed via the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory and electroencephalography, respectively. We predicted the choice group would exhibit greater motor learning, motivation, and augmented feedback processing, and that the latter two variables would predict learning. Results showed that an incidental choice failed to enhance motor learning, motivation, or augmented feedback processing. In addition, neither motivation nor augmented feedback processing predicted motor learning. However, motivation and augmented feedback processing were correlated, with both factors predicting changes in practice performance. Thus, results suggest the effect of incidental choices on motor learning may be tenuous, and indicate motivation and augmented feedback processing may be more closely linked to changes in practice performance than motor learning.

scholarly journals Differences in the perception of parental involvement in homework depending on the level of student motivation

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-323
Author(s):  
Bibiana Regueiro ◽  
Susana Rodríguez ◽  
Isabel Piñeiro ◽  
Iris Estévez ◽  
Mar Ferradás ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Student Motivation ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Parental Control ◽  
School Students ◽  
School Work ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Levels

The main purpose of this work is to check if the student motivation is an important factor in their perception of family involvement on homework. This is to check the relationships between different levels of intrinsic motivation towards school work of students in secondary and their perceptions of parental support and the type of feedback provided by their parents to homework, including the latter parental support and parental control. The sample consists of 730 (43.4% male; 56.6% female) of Secondary School students (12 to 16). The results show that higher levels of intrinsic motivation are associated with a higher perception of students regarding parental accompaniment to do homework and parental control and support them. We conclude, therefore, that student motivation is a factor of great importance to the involvement of the family environment and, more specifically, for the support and feedback provided by parents regarding homework.

scholarly journals Wheat Bread with Grape Seeds Micropowder: Impact on Dough Rheology and Bread Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-150
Author(s):  
Veronika Valková ◽  
Hana Ďúranová ◽  
Jana Štefániková ◽  
Michal Miškeje ◽  
Marián Tokár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Dough Rheology ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Grape Seeds ◽  
Rheological Analysis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Bread Properties ◽  
Electronic Eye ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe current study was designed to enhance the functionality of white bread by replacement of wheat flour with different levels (1%, 2%, 5%, and 8%) of grape seeds micropowder (GSMP) with nanosized particles (10 µm). Chemical composition of GSMP, volume and sensory attributes, evaluated with the panel of evaluators and an electronic nose (e-nose) and an electronic eye (e-eye) were investigated in the tested breads. It has been found out that GSMP contained appreciable amounts of flavonoids including catechin, epicatechin, gallic acid and minerals especially, Ca, K and Mg. The data from rheological analysis showed that the addition of GSMP (mainly at 5% and 8% levels) to the wheat flour had a positive effect on dough manifesting with rheology by increased dough stability. The volume of the experimental breads (above 1% concentration) was demonstrably declined (P < 0.0001) in comparison with the control bread. Sensory rating revealed that the bread fortified with 1% GSMP was judged by the consumer panelists as the most acceptable with the highest scores for all quality attributes which was also confirmed by the data of e-nose and e-eye. Our results suggest for the first time that 1% GSMP addition appears to be a promising functional ingredient to improve bread with required qualitative and sensory properties.

Dual Commitments to Organizations and Professions: Different Motivational Pathways to Productivity

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 1202-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Becker ◽  
Mary C. Kernan ◽  
Kevin D. Clark ◽  
Howard J. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Research Productivity ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Commitments to organizations and professions have important implications for behavior in the workplace, but little is known about how these dual commitments combine to affect organizational outcomes. We present a model proposing that commitment to professions influences productivity through a positive effect on intrinsic motivation and a negative effect on extrinsic motivation. Commitment to organizations, conversely, is hypothesized to have a negative effect on intrinsic motivation and a positive effect on extrinsic motivation. We tested the model with a sample of 237 tenured management professors and, overall, the model fit the data well and better than less parsimonious models or ones positing reverse causality. Commitment to the profession was positively related to intrinsic motivation to engage in research and, through this effect, resulted in more challenging research goals, increased commitment to those goals, more hours spent on research, and greater research productivity. Commitment to the organization (university) was positively related to extrinsic motivation and negatively related to intrinsic motivation and was unrelated to goal level, goal commitment, hours spent on research, and research productivity. Our model makes a unique theoretical contribution by revealing the differing paths by which commitments to organizations and professions affect work outcomes, and our results support and extend commitment theory and offer unique insights into posttenure productivity.

scholarly journals The Influence of Heuristic judgments in Social Media on Corporate Reputation: A Study in Spanish Leader Companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Manuel Cerdá Suárez ◽  
Jesús Perán López ◽  
Belén Cambronero Saiz
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Corporate Reputation ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Managerial Performance ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Business And Management ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
High Uncertainty

From a corporate-side perspective, the communication of reputational actions and news of companies becomes critical for success. However, in communication, business, and management studies, heuristics can be understood as simple cognitive processes that allow assessments, predictions, and decisions to be made quickly and efficiently by consumers and economic agents. This aspect can sometimes lead to cognitive biases, especially when little information is available or in situations of high uncertainty. The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of heuristic judgments in social media on corporate reputation ratings obtained in Spanish leader companies. Using data collected in Spain, this paper analyzes the influence of heuristics concerning news items on corporate reputation, measured by the Monitor Empresarial de Reputación Corporativa (MERCO) Index. The main finding of this paper is that the total number of news items has a positive effect on corporate reputation, particularly in the categories of culture-values, results/image, expansion, and sponsorship/donations. Additionally, this work serves as a repository of knowledge applicable to similar situations considering the specificities of each particular case. The importance to intervene on certain variables at different levels of managerial performance is described and implications for companies are discussed in these pages.

scholarly journals Who can enjoy the unavoidable emotional labor

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-742
Author(s):  
SeungGeun Baeck ◽  
KangHyun Shin ◽  
JongHyun Lee ◽  
ChangGoo Heo
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Job Burnout ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of this study was to examine the positive effect of self-monitoring among emotional display rules (fostering positive emotion(FPE) & suppressing negative emotion(SNE)) and consequential work attitude (job burnout & work engagement). A sample of 191 hotel employees were participated in this study and data were analyzed by SPSS. The results are as follows. First, the main effect of FPE on work engagement was supported, but the main effect of SNE on job burnout was not. Second, the main effects of self-monitoring on engagement and burnout were supported. Third, the moderation effects of self-monitoring which buffer the relationship of SNE on burnout and which facilitate the relationship FPE on engagement were significant. Finally, the implications and limitations were discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of reproductive qualities on dairy productivity of cows of the Simmental breed

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Maria Grinchuk ◽  
Yulia Nesterova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Different Levels

The aim of work is to explore influence of first fruitful insemination, service period and dry period to dairy productivity of Simmental cows. The research is aimed at studying the milk production of Simmental cows with different levels of reproductive qualities. The result of the research, a relation was established between the age of the first fruitful insemination, the duration of the service period, the duration of the dry period and milk production performance. It has been established that the age of the first fruitful insemination at 18-24 months has the most beneficial effect on subsequent milk production. The service period of 90-120 days has a positive effect to an increase in milk yield per 305 days of lactation, the longer service period negatively affects to the mass fraction of fat. With an increase in the duration of the dry period, the mass fraction of fat increases, but milk yield decreases. The influence of reproductive qualities to the milk protein is negligible. It was revealed that the age of the first insemination at 18-24 months is the most profitable for production. According to the results of the research, it can be judged that reproductive qualities, in combination with other factors, affect the milk productivity of Simmental cows.

scholarly journals National Income Inequality, Society, and Multinational Enterprises

2018 ◽  
pp. 219-241
Author(s):  
Nathaniel C. Lupton ◽  
Guoliang Frank Jiang ◽  
Luis F. Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
National Income ◽  
Entry Mode ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Security Costs ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Different Levels

This chapter calls for understanding the perspective of multinational enterprises (MNEs) on international differences in income inequality. The authors set a research agenda on how national differences in income inequality influence MNE expansion strategies. Applying a transaction cost framework, both negative and positive economic outcomes of income inequality, from the MNE's perspective, are identified. Low levels of income inequality may deter foreign investment, as MNEs prefer countries where they incur lower levels of transaction costs arising from interactions with various market and non-market actors. However, the positive effect of income inequality on location attractiveness will likely diminish at higher levels of inequality when benefits are increasingly offset by additional monitoring, bargaining and security costs owing to instability and conflict. The chapter further explores the implications for level of MNE equity applied in the choice of entry mode under different levels of income inequality.

scholarly journals Mini-Review: practice organization beyond memory processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-341
Author(s):  
Guilherme M. Lage ◽  
Lidiane A. Fernandes ◽  
Tércio Apolinário-Souza ◽  
Nathálya G. H. M. Nogueira ◽  
Bárbara P. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Oculomotor Behavior ◽  
Practice Organization ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Electroencephalographic Activity ◽  
Variable Practice ◽  
Different Levels

Background: The benefits of variable practice in motor learning have been traditionally explained by the increased demand for memory processes induced by trial-to-trial changes. Recently, a new perspective associating increased demand for perception with variable practice has emerged. Aim: This revision aims to present and discuss the findings in this exciting topic newly opened. Results / Interpretation: In the second half of 2010’s, a number of studies have pointed out differences in perceptual processing when compared variable and repetitive practices. Different levels of (a) hemodynamic activation, (b) electroencephalographic activity, (c) neurochemical activity, and (d) oculomotor behavior have provided evidence that perceptual processes are affected differently by variable and repetitive practices.

scholarly journals The Effect Of Transformational Leadership, Intrinsic Motivation On Employee Performance With Work Facility As A Mediation Variable

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
DESTY KHOIRUNNISA
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Transformational Leadership Style ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of transformational leadership style,intrinisk motivation on the performance of employees train company with job satisfaction asa mediating variable. The number of respondents taken in this study were 52 respondentsusing probability sampling. This study uses a survey method using a quantitative approach.The analytical tool used in this study is multiple regression analysis with SPSS software.Based on the conclusion that transformational leadership style and intrinsic motivation havea positive effect on employee performance with job satisfaction as a mediating variable.

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