Impact of Enhanced Physical Education on Muscle Strength of the Prepubescent Child

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy J. Shephard ◽  
Hughes Lavallée
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Strength Data ◽  
Experimental Intervention ◽  
Prepubescent Child

The influence upon muscle strength of 1 h/day of required physical education was tested in 546 prepubescent children over a 5-year period. Experimental students began the program in Grade 1, with immediately preceding and succeeding classes serving as controls. Annual measurements showed a linear increase of limb circumferences with stature (H), but strength increased more rapidly than H2. Strength data showed gender effects (M > F) at all ages and environmental effects (rural > urban) in older children (10–12 years). Experimental students were stronger in 19 of 42 comparisons. Girths were greater in girls (7 of 18 comparisons) and in the rural environment (4 of 18 comparisons), but were unaffected by the experimental intervention. Bone diameters were greater in the boys (16 of 18 comparisons) and in the urban environment (2 of IS comparisons). Daily required physical education leads to small increases of isometric strength without significant increments of limb dimensions.

scholarly journals Prevalence of physical inactivity and associated factors among adolescents from public schools in Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2217-2229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Gustavo Bergmann ◽  
Mauren Lúcia de Araújo Bergmann ◽  
Alexandre Carriconde Marques ◽  
Pedro Curi Hallal
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of physical inactivity and associated factors in adolescents, using a cross-sectional design with a sample of 1,455 adolescents (741 females). Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic, perceptual, and behavioral variables. Physical activity was estimated with the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children and Adolescents. Prevalence of physical inactivity was 68% (95%CI: 65.6%-70.4%). The following variables remained associated with physical inactivity in the adjusted analysis (p < 0.05): living in an apartment, female gender, older adolescents, lower self-rated physical activity compared to peers, low perception of maternal physical activity, passive commuting to school, non-participation in physical education at school, non-enjoyment of physical education classes, and limited involvement in other types of physical exercise besides physical education at school. There were a high proportion of inactive adolescents. Strategies to prevent physical inactivity in adolescents should be elaborated with a central role for the school and family.

scholarly journals Development of territories through the construction of sports facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 08008
Author(s):  
Lidya Shershova ◽  
Elena Golovina ◽  
Yulia Gurenko ◽  
Olga Tomashevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Sports Facilities ◽  
The City

The approach to the development of territories through the construction of sports facilities on the example of the city of Kaliningrad (Northwestern Federal District, Russia) is considered. The results of the implementation of state target programs for the formation of the urban environment are analysed. These programs provide the opportunity to engage in physical education and sports on equipped sports grounds. The results of monitoring the use of sports facilities for physical culture and sports in the city of Kaliningrad are presented. The conditions for increasing the volume of physical activity of young people through the system of attracting them to systematic physical culture and sports on doorstep sports grounds have been determined.

Developmental and stylistic variation in the composition of early vocabulary

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bates ◽  
Virginia Marchman ◽  
Donna Thal ◽  
Larry Fenson ◽  
Philip Dale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Function Word ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Function Words ◽  
Closed Class

ABSTRACTResults are reported for stylistic and developmental aspects of vocabulary composition for 1, 803 children and families who participated in the tri-city norming of a new parental report instrument, the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories. We replicate previous studies with small samples showing extensive variation in use of common nouns between age o;8 and 1;4 (i.e. ‘referential style’), and in the proportion of vocabulary made up of closed-class words between 1;4 and 2;6 (i.e. ‘analytic’ vs. ‘holistic’ style). However, both style dimensions are confounded with developmental changes in the composition of the lexicon, including three ‘waves’ of reorganization: (1) an initial increase in percentage of common nouns from 0 to 100 words, followed by a proportional decrease; (2) a slow linear increase in verbs and other predicates, with the greatest gains taking place between 100 and 400 words; (3) no proportional development at all in the use of closed-class vocabulary between 0 and 400 words, followed by a sharp increase from 400 to 680 words. When developmental changes in noun use are controlled, referential-style measures do not show the association with developmental precocity reported in previous studies, although these scores are related to maternal education. By contrast, when developmental changes in grammatical function word use are controlled, high closed-class scores are associated with a slower rate of development. We suggest that younger children may have less perceptual acuity and/or shorter memory spans than older children with the same vocabulary size. As a result, the younger children may ignore unstressed function words until a later point in development while the older children tend to reproduce perceptual details that they do not yet understand. Longitudinal data show that early use of function words (under 400 words) is not related to grammatical levels after the 4OO-word point, confirming our ‘stylistic’ interpretation of early closed-class usage. We close with recommendations for the unconfounding of stylistic and developmental variance in research on individual differences in language development, and provide look-up tables that will permit other investigators to pull these aspects apart.

scholarly journals ‘Am I able? Is it worth it?’ Adolescent girls’ motivational predispositions to school physical education: Associations with health-enhancing physical activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Fairclough ◽  
Toni Hilland ◽  
Gareth Stratton ◽  
Nicola Ridgers
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Health Enhancing Physical Activity ◽  
Future School ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

The study purpose was to investigate predictive associations between adolescent girls’ motivational predispositions to physical education (PE) and habitual physical activity. Two hundred girls (age 13.1 ± 0.6 years) completed the Physical Education Predisposition Scale and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children. ANCOVAs revealed that girls with the highest Perceived PE Worth and Perceived PE Ability scores were the most habitually active groups ( p < .0001). Significant predictors of physical activity identified by hierarchical regression were Perceived PE Ability and body mass index, which accounted for 17% and 3% of variance, respectively. As Perceived PE Ability was strongly associated with physical activity, the correlates of this construct should be further established to inform future school and PE-based interventions.

scholarly journals Variations of GSM Path Loss Exponent with Propagation Distance at L-Band Frequencies in Different Microcellular Environment of Southwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Isaac Chukwutem Abiodun ◽  
Joshua Idogho
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Path Loss Exponent ◽  
Breakpoint Distance ◽  
L Band ◽  
Suburban Environment

Propagation path loss exponent is an important component of system design, and knowing the values helps to avoid surprises when the actual service begins. The path loss exponent is known to be critical in establishing the coverage of any new cellular network. Estimating the path loss exponent of any environment requires raising new data sets, which can be accomplished by conducting experiments. With this objective, the present study reports the L-band signal RSS level measurements of 6 GSM base stations in the urban, suburban and rural environments of Ondo and Ekiti States in the Southwestern region of Nigeria. Using a Sony Ericsson TEMS phone monitoring device—connected to a laptop equipped with TEMS software and base station cell reference—and a GPS device, RSS measurements were performed in each sector of the base station up to 1200 m, employing a single sector verification method. The values of path loss exponents were computed from the deduced values of path loss at 50 m intervals up to distances of 1200 m. Close to the base station, the following exponent values were observed—between 2.0 and 3.8 in the urban environment, 2.0 to 2.8 in the suburban environment while for the rural environment, 1.5 to 2.6 we're observed. After the breakpoint distance, higher path loss exponent values of up to 6 was recorded in the urban environment, exponent value of up to 4.3 was observed in the suburban environment and up to 3.5 exponent value in the rural environment. It was also observed that the rural environment presented the longest breakpoint distance of 500 m. The high path loss exponents observed, especially in the urban environment, could cause GSM operators to rethink the margins they have provided. This study is useful for the design of upcoming network systems in these regions and in similar regions.

scholarly journals The relationship of arm muscle strength, limb muscle explosive and movement coordination with swimming speed bracelet on students of physical education, health and recreation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Yudi Ikhwani
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Movement Coordination ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to determined the relationship arm muscle strength, limb muscle explosive and movement coordination with coordination with swimming speed bracelet on students PENJASKESREK at Serambi Mekkah University. The population in this studied were all student PENJASKESREK at Serambi Mekkah University. Based on the purposive sampling technique, the samples totaling 30 students who had passed the T.P. Basic Swimming and T.P. Advanced Swimming. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that arm muscle strength gave a relationship of 0.52 to the speed of breaststroke swimming in students, limb muscle explosive gave a relationship of 0.44 to the speed of breaststroke swimming to students, movement coordination gave a relationship of 0,42 with the speed of breaststroke swimming to students. The concluded that arm muscle strength, limb muscle explosive and movement coordination were related by 0.79 with the breaststroke swimming speed on Students at Serambi Mekkah University. So the hypothesis that the author proposed was accepted as true.

scholarly journals Physical Education Curriculum is Effective in Development of Motor Abilities in 9th grade School Children?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Fidanka Vasileva ◽  
◽  
Angjel Vasilev ◽  
Raquel Font Llado ◽  
Georgi Georgiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
School Children ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Grade School ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Significant Difference

Physical education plays an important role in developing motor abilities, skills and competence in children. Main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of physical education curriculum by assessing in 9 th grade school- children: (1) abdominal muscle strength; (2) lower back muscle strength; (3) upper limbs muscle strength; (4) lower limbs muscle strength; (5) explosive leg power; and (6) flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles, at the beginning, and at the end of the school term. Basic mathematical and appropriate statistical methods were used in order to calculate descriptive statistical parameters, Skewness and Kurtosis values, as well as Kolmogorov- Smirnov test, were used in order to examine whether data have a normal distribution, and a Student’s t-test was applied in order to test if there is a statistically significant difference in children’s motor abilities between the beginning and the end of the school term. For this purpose, we used Microsoft Office Excel 2010. At the end of the second school term, children in 9 th grade have shown better results in all assessed variables, meaning they have increased motor ability levels after 4 months of applying specific exercises within the thematic plan of the physical education curriculum, which leads to the conclusion that physical education curriculum allows us to introduce effective tasks in increasing strength, explosive power and flexibility in 9 th grade school children.

Walking, Identity and Visual Perception in Romantic and Modernist Literature

2020 ◽  
pp. 152-170
Author(s):  
Andrew Michael Roberts ◽  
Eleanore Widger
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Distributed Cognition ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Modernist Literature ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Embodied Mind ◽  
Romantic Poetry ◽  
The Aesthetic

This chapter considers enactivist theories of cognition and perception in relation to aspects of Romantic and Modernist literature, in particular how walking relates to visual perception and the representation of the visual field (sensorimotor enactivism); and how movement and visuality inflect ideas of subjectivity, identity and consciousness (autopoietic enactivism). It draws on Alva Noë’s account of sensorimotor enactivism in Action in Perception (2004), on Evan Thompson’s account of autopoietic enactivism in Mind in Life: Biology, Phenomenology and the Sciences of Mind (2007), and on Varela, Thompson and Rosch’s The Embodied Mind (1993), to argue that, while Romantic poetry tends to an affirmative account of unconstrained walking in a rural environment, facilitating identity-enhancing interaction, Modernist literature shows a marked duality in its representation of urban walking. In T.S. Eliot’s poetry, walking constrained by an oppressive urban environment threatens to fragment identity, implying dysfunctional forms of distributed cognition. However, although women’s urban walking in the Modernist period has often been seen to be constrained by gendered power structures, Virginia Woolf’s writing at times celebrates the aesthetic and sensory pleasures of urban walking, leading to more affirmative versions of dispersed identity.

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