Birth Control: Academy Report Stresses Burdens of High Birth Rate among the Impoverished Here

Science ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 148 (3674) ◽  
pp. 1205-1257
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
High Birth Rate

Birth Control: Reversal or Postponement?

1960 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo A. Orleans
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Communist China ◽  
Annual Population

Whereas throughout most of the world the results of the 1953 censusregistration of Communist China, reporting a population of 582·6 million, evoked anxiety and even alarm, the Communists expressed only pride and overwhelming confidence. As a people “liberated from the oppressive chains of capitalism,” Communist leaders felt that their horizons were unlimited and that feeding and caring for a population of this size presented no problems under a system in which people are “the most precious of all categories of capital.” The simultaneous release of vital rates which indicated a birth rate of 37 per thousand population and a death rate of 17 per thousand, further stressed the “great vitality of the people of new China.” The 2 per cent, natural increase (excess of births over deaths), resulting in an annual population growth of some 12 million, was declared, in line with Marxist doctrine, to be an asset in a country with vast new lands and unexploited natural resources, where additional people create additional wealth.

Birth Control in China: Local Data and Their Reliability

1981 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 119-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucien Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Secondary Peak ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Increase Rate ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Control Campaign

In 1979, at about the same time that the birth control campaign received renewed impetus, China released impressive data on demographic trends. If these and other more recent data are reliable, the decline of the natural increase rate has been both belated and spectacular. Contrary to what has been assumed the birth rate would seem to have reached its peak during the 1960s (43·6 per 1,000 in 1963). After a secondary peak in the late 1960s, it then declined precipitously during the 1970s, declining by almost half (46·7 per cent) over nine years (33·59 per 1,000 in 1970; 17·9 per 1,000 in 1979). The natural increase rate was, for its part, more than halved during the same period (25·95 per 1,000 in 1970; 11·7 per 1,000 in 1979).

Urbanisation will rise as birth rate declines in Peru

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
High Growth ◽  
The Political ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Population Concentration ◽  
Construction Activity

Subject Results of the 2017 census. Significance Peru’s population growth has slowed markedly over the last ten years according to the latest census, reflecting growing urbanisation, changes in social structure and lifestyles, and the increased availability of methods of birth control. Years of high growth rates appear to underscore the expansion of a substantial urban middle class, while Peru is also enjoying a decline in the ratio between workers and the dependent population. Impacts Increasingly urban populations will benefit companies providing goods and services, whether imported or not. Construction activity will hinge around economic growth and its geographical distribution. Population concentration will reduce the political weight of rural constituencies. Peru’s cities will remain highly vulnerable to water shortages.

scholarly journals Impact of deliberate termination of pregnancy on the natural population dynamics

2010 ◽  
pp. 397-403
Author(s):  
Snezana Stojsin
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Termination Of Pregnancy ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies ◽  
Artificial Abortion

Deliberate interruption of pregnancy is a very important social problem. The artificial abortion is a dominant procedure in the methods of birth control. The terminations of unwanted pregnancies are in direct correlation with the birth-rate and thus influence the rate of natural increase. The aim of this paper is to show influence of artificial abortion on natural population dynamics. This paper analyzes two sources of data: statistical and empirical research. .

Before and After 1947

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Dyson
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Family Planning Programme ◽  
Urban Sector ◽  
The Family ◽  
Before And After

This chapter considers population trends in the decades either side of Independence. It does so in three broad phases. The first phase is the 1920s and 1930s—when there was unprecedented population growth, and public discussion about birth control increased. The second phase is the turbulent 1940s; here particular attention is given to the demographic effects of the Bengal famine in 1943–44 and Partition in 1947. The final phase is the 1950s and 1960s—when there was a big fall in the death rate and, very cautiously, a family planning programme was introduced. The chapter also considers developments relating to the urban sector, migration, and regional demographic variation. It concludes by noting that, with little sign of a fall in the birth rate, by 1971 there was increasing disappointment and concern about the performance of the family planning programme.

Features of organized educational activities in different age groups in preschool institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
G. Seralina ◽  
◽  
А. Shayakhmetova ◽  
Z. Zhumabayeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
High Birth Rate ◽  
Insufficient Number

The need to increase the number of kindergartens is associated with a high birth rate. To solve this problem, the construction of kindergartens in the regions is being intensively carried out. However, the insufficient number of kindergartens leads to the opening of different age groups. This article discusses the features of the organization of educational activities of different age groups in preschool institutions, taking into account the observance of the day in accordance with the age characteristics of children. There are a number of questions on the problem of studying the features of organized educational activities in different age groups in preschool institutions, the author of the article, based on the scientific works of scientists O.E.Smirnova, V.N.Avanesova, L.L.Timofeeva, etc.defines them.

A citizen of Byzantium in the «valley of the shadow of death» (Psalm 22:4).

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2b) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
S.B. Sorochan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
High Birth Rate ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Psalm 22

The article attempts to generalize the ideas of specialists in Byzantine Studies about the causes and levels of mortality in Byzantium. Studies show that the average life expectancy was quite typical of ancient and medieval society and did not differ from the Neolithic era. Usually death occurred within 20-40 years, in the most productive period of life. Thus, Byzantine society remained quite young. With a high birth rate, the number of children who reached adulthood usually did not exceed two per family. Premature deaths were caused by epidemics of infectious diseases, environmental, natural disasters, accidents, murders, and wars. In the last case, 90% of the deaths were due to disease, starvation and cold, and not to the battle. In general, the Byzantine rulers, representatives of secular and ecclesiastical authorities behaved very wisely, trying to avoid excessive violence and human loss.

scholarly journals Birth Rate in Siberia on the Eve of Collectivization: Delayed Demographic Transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
A. A. Burmatov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
High Birth Rate ◽  
Demographic Behavior ◽  
Land Relations ◽  
The Village

The final period of the NEP is characterized by a high birth rate in the country, especially among the rural population. The period was not sufficiently considered by researchers, because it was necessary to compare demographics with the subsequent development of events. Such a comparison was dangerous because of party dictatorship and an attempt to hide or ignore the demographic catastrophe in the country during the collectivization. The population of Siberia maintained the traditional demographic behavior in the reproductive sphere. Land relations in the village, which stimulated the growth of families, early and productive work of young generation in small-scale farming were economic mechanisms that allowed to maintain a high birth rate. In cities but the practice of restricting childbearing was becoming more widespread. The population was well acquainted with the methods of regulating childbearing. The demographic rapid growth observed in the late 20s of the twentieth century could only be prolonged in one case: the refusal to modernize village.

scholarly journals Institutional Capacity and Control of Legitimate Birth Rate in Siberian Regions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-405
Author(s):  
Evgenii Kapoguzov ◽  
Roman Chupin ◽  
Maria Kharlamova
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Institutional Capacity ◽  
National Project ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Target Indicator ◽  
Natural Birth ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
And Control

The research featured the decline of legitimate birth rate in the context of the transformation that family institution is currently undergoing. According to the Demography National project of the Russian Federation, the key objective of the national demographic policy is to increase the number of children up to 1.7 per woman. The authors believe that it is impossible to achieve the target indicator without revealing the institutional capacity of the so-called traditional family, which has a lower the level of birth control by abortion and contraception. In order to determine the institutional capacity of the national project, the authors estimated the legitimate birth rate and the level of birth control by the population. The methods involved the Coale-Trussell’s model, which is based on the assumption that controlled birth rate deviates from natural birth rate. The study was based on the data about the number of births in 2017. The data were obtained from twelve Siberian regions and included such information as maternal age and legitimacy. The Coale-Trussell’s model revealed a good institutional capacity that can enhance the demographic function of the family and increase the birth rate.

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