Is an obesity simulation suit in an undergraduate medical communication class a valuable teaching tool? A cross-sectional proof of concept study

ObjectiveWith the growing prevalence of overweight and obesity, medical students should be prepared to engage in weight management and obesity-related communications in order to prevent patients from having stigmatising experiences. In addition, medical students should have training to reduce anti-fat prejudices.DesignCross-sectional proof of concept study.SettingUniversity Hospital Tuebingen, Germany.Participants246 participants (207 second-year medical students, 13 standardised patients (SPs) and 22 teachers) took part in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the assessment of degree of reality of the encounter with the SP wearing an obesity simulation suit (OSS). The secondary outcome was the evaluation of students’ awareness and prejudice against patients with obesity in a simulated role play. Additionally, a description of the advantages and disadvantages when using such a teaching tool is delivered.ResultsThe OSS contributed to a realistic perception of the patient group depicted in a role play according to students, teachers and SPs. OSS body mass index estimation by students, teachers and SPs correctly was over 30 kg/m2—thus in the range of obesity. In a selected subscale of the Anti-Fat Attitudes Test, students showed significantly stronger anti-fat stigmatisation compared with teachers and SPs.ConclusionsAn OSS worn by an SP is a valuable teaching tool to raise awareness about patients with obesity. It gives a realistic picture of the encounter. Stigmatisation was low in general but was especially present in the students. Further research should include intervention studies to address this issue.

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A cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of obesity, overweight and weight awareness among the students of a private medical college in Khulna

Mediscope ◽

10.3329/mediscope.v7i2.49449 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 103-107

Author(s):

Md Abul Hasanat ◽

Silvia Paroi ◽

Arifa Begum ◽

Umme Salma ◽

Syeda Farzana Yeasmin

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Fast Food ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Fast Food Consumption ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity

Background: Medical education is stressful throughout the whole course. Due to the medical curriculum and the examination pattern leads to psychological stress. Stressful condition leads to irregularity in diet, frequent fast food consumption & lack of exercise, each being considered as an important risk factor leading to overweight and obesity. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of obesity, overweight and weight awareness among the medical students. Objectives: Determination of BMI status of undergraduate medical students to evaluate their weight awareness, prevalence of overweight and obesity and also find out the relationship of the following risk factors with obesity & overweight; i) Opinion about self-image, ii) Physical activity and iii) Frequency of fast food consumption. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on 131 preclinical medical students of Ad-din Akij Medical College, Khulna from January 2018 to April 2018. Height and weight of 131 preclinical students were measured and Body Mass Index was calculated and categorized according to WHO criteria. Results: Out of 131 students 62% come under normal weight category, 21% come under overweight category, 10% come under obese category and 7% come under underweight category. Conclusion: Overweight is a rising problem among the medical students. Sedentary life style and frequency of fast food consumption was high among the overweight and obese students. This study itself created awareness about their weight and promote physical activity among the medical students. Mediscope Vol. 7, No. 2: July 2020, Page 103-107

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Association between Pre-pregnant Overweight and Obesity and Periodontal Disease during Pregnancy: A Cross Sectional Study

International Journal of Studies in Nursing ◽

10.20849/ijsn.v3i1.207 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Eman Ali Abd El Moaty Sheha ◽

Hanan Elzeblawy Hassan ◽

Wafaa Mostafa Ahmed Gamel

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

University Hospital ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Obese Women ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk

Background: Obesity is considered а noteworthy public health issue in both developed & developing countries. Among the 1.5 billion overweight individuals worldwide, 300 million of them were obese women. In the general, the prevalence of maternal obesity has increased 60% in the previous two decades with nearly 1 in 3 women now entering pregnancy obese. Also, the periodontаl disease has been observed to be prevalent in pregnant women with the prevalence ranging from 20% to more than 50%, especially economically disadvantaged women.Aim: explore the relation between pre-pregnant overweight and obesity with periodontal disease during pregnancy.Subjects & Methods: cross-sectional study among 400 pregnant women were booked in the high-risk obstetric departments and the antenatal outpatient clinics at governmental general hospitals in El-Fayoum City and governmental university hospital in El-Mansoura city.Results: The mean age of pregnant women was 29.9 ± 6.2 with increase the prevalence of periodontal disease in pregnant women (83.5%). Statistically significant correlation was found between prenatal weight and periodontаl disease during pregnancy (p ≤ 0.0001) with increasing the prevalence of periodontal disease in prenatal obese women (53.2%) and over weight (39.7%) were observed in women who were in their 3rd trimester (р = 0.011). Increase prevalence of periodontal with poor oral hygiene and sedentary activity.Conclusion: increased pre-pregnancy obesity & overweight are positively correlated with periodontal disease prevalence among pregnant women, and Pregnancy itself may also be associated with аn increased risk of periodontal disease.Recommendations: Activating the role of the maternity and community health nurse in branches of Obstetrics and antenatal clinics to enhance pregnant women's knowledge regarding oral health risks of obesity & overweight.

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Patients’ perceptions about medical students’ involvement in their health care at a teaching hospital in Jordan: A cross sectional study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.27870 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hana Taha ◽

Jawaher Khaled Al Saqer ◽

Noora Rashed Al Harbi ◽

Rand Nidal Younis ◽

Fatma Dawoud Al Dawoud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Disease Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Patient Centered ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Perceptions And Attitudes ◽

Structured Questionnaire

BACKGROUND Medical students’ involvement in patients’ care varies due to patient’s willingness, as some consider it as an invasion of their privacy and exposure of their disease status. Thus, exploring patients' perceptions and attitudes towards this interaction should be thoroughly investigated. OBJECTIVE To better understand the attitude of Jordanian patients towards the presence of medical students’ during their consultations and provide evidence-based data to improve the training of future doctors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Jordan University Hospital using a structured questionnaire to interview 420 patients from the out-patients’ clinics of the departments; Internal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, and Surgery. Descriptive and multivariate data analysis was conducted using SPSS (version 25.0). RESULTS Of the patients interviewed, 94% were aware that they were in a teaching hospital, 92% approved the existence of medical students’ during their consultation and 80% accepted to be observed and examined by medical student in the presence of a senior doctor. Almost 83% of the patients believed that their consent should be obtained first and 58% of them indicated that the students asked for consent prior to interacting with them. Around 64% of the participants indicated that the maximum acceptable number of students during the consultation should not exceed 2-3, 64% had no preferred gender to interact with and 59% had no preferred training year. CONCLUSIONS Patients showed an overall positive stance towards the involvement of medical students’ in their healthcare. The majority were delighted to see medical students’ while some expressed concerns over their privacy due to the large number of students and because some do not ask for their consent. It is essential to apply medical ethics practices together with patient centered approach.

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Assessment of correlates of hand hygiene compliance among final year medical students: a cross-sectional study in the Netherlands

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029484 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. e029484

Author(s):

Vicki Erasmus ◽

Suzie Otto ◽

Emmely De Roos ◽

Rianne van Eijsden ◽

Margreet C Vos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Medical Students ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Hand Hygiene ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Hand Hygiene Compliance ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Factual Knowledge ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hygiene Compliance

ObjectivesTo identify the factors that influence the hand hygiene compliance of final year medical students, using a theoretical behavioural framework.DesignCross-sectional survey assessing self-reported compliance and its behavioural correlates.SettingInternships of medical students in the Netherlands.Participants322 medical students of the Erasmus Medical Center were recruited over a period of 12 months during the Public Health internship, which is the final compulsory internship after an 18-month rotation schedule in all major specialities.Primary and secondary outcome measuresBehavioural factors influencing compliance to hand hygiene guidelines were measured by means of a questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Social Ecological Models. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the effect of including attitudes, social norms, self-efficacy, knowledge, risk perception and habit on hand hygiene compliance.ResultsWe included 313 students in the analysis (response rate 97%). The behavioural model explained 40% of the variance in self-reported compliance (adjusted R2=0.40). Hand hygiene compliance was strongly influenced by attitudes (perceived outcomes of preventive actions), self-efficacy (perception of the ability to perform hand hygiene at the clinical ward) and habit, but was not associated with knowledge and risk perception.ConclusionsTargeting medical students’ behaviour should focus on the empowerment of these juniors and provide them with evidence on the health benefits of prevention, rather than increasing their factual knowledge of procedures. Clinical teaching environments could help them form good patient safety habits during this vital phase of their career.

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Prevalence of sustained hypertension and obesity among urban and rural adolescents: a school-based, cross-sectional study in North India

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027134 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. e027134 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bishav Mohan ◽

Amit Verma ◽

Kavita Singh ◽

Kalpana Singh ◽

Sarit Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

School Children ◽

Urban School ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Rural Adolescents ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Based ◽

Sustained Hypertension ◽

Rural And Urban

ObjectiveRecent data on sustained hypertension and obesity among school-going children and adolescents in India are limited. This study evaluates the prevalence of sustained hypertension and obesity and their risk factors among urban and rural adolescents in northern India.SettingA school-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted in the urban and rural areas of Ludhiana, Punjab, India using standardised measurement tools.ParticipantsA total of 1959 participants aged 11–17 years (urban: 849; rural: 1110) were included in this school-based survey.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTo measure sustained hypertension among school children, two distinct blood pressure (BP) measurements were recorded at an interval of 1 week. High BP was defined and classified into three groups as recommended by international guidelines: (1) normal BP: <90th percentile compared with age, sex and height percentile in each age group; (2) prehypertension: BP=90th–95th percentile; and (3) hypertension: BP >95th percentile. The Indian Academy of Pediatrics classification was used to define underweight, normal, overweight and obesity as per the body mass index (BMI) for specific age groups.ResultsThe prevalence of sustained hypertension among rural and urban areas was 5.7% and 8.4%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity in rural and urban school children was 2.7% and 11.0%, respectively. The adjusted multiple regression model found that urban area (relative risk ratio (RRR): 1.7, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.93), hypertension (RRR: 7.4, 95% CI 4.21 to 13.16) and high socioeconomic status (RRR: 38.6, 95% CI 16.54 to 90.22) were significantly associated with an increased risk of obesity. However, self-reported regular physical activity had a protective effect on the risk of obesity among adolescents (RRR: 0.4, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.62). Adolescents who were overweight (RRR: 2.66, 95% CI 1.49 to 4.40) or obese (RRR: 7.21, 95% CI 4.09 to 12.70) and reported added salt intake in their diet (RRR: 4.90, 95% CI 2.83 to 8.48) were at higher risk of hypertension.ConclusionHigh prevalence of sustained hypertension and obesity was found among urban school children and adolescents in a northern state in India. Hypertension among adolescents was positively associated with overweight and obesity (high BMI). Prevention and early detection of childhood obesity and high BP should be strengthened to prevent the risk of cardiovascular diseases in adults.

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Frequency of television viewing and association with overweight and obesity among women of the reproductive age group in Myanmar: results from a nationwide cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024680 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. e024680 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Rajat Das Gupta ◽

Ibrahim Hossain Sajal ◽

Mehedi Hasan ◽

Ipsita Sutradhar ◽

Mohammad Rifat Haider ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Women ◽

Television Viewing ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Educational Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

ObjectivesThis study aimed to discern the association between the frequency of television viewing and overweight and obesity among reproductive age women of Myanmar.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.SettingThis study used Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (2015–2016) data.ParticipantsTotal of 12 021 women both aged 15–49 years and also not pregnant or did not deliver a child within the 2 months prior to the survey were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was overweight (23.0 kg/m2to <27.5 kg/m2) and obesity (≥27.5 kg/m2), which was measured using the Asian body mass index cut-off. Ordered logistic regression analysis was conducted to find the association between the explanatory and outcome variables. The potential confounders controlled in the multivariable analyses were age, place of residence, region of residence, highest educational status, current employment status, wealth index, parity and number of household members.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight was 26.5% and obesity was 12.2% among the study participants. The odds of being overweight and obese were 20% higher (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.16, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.32; p=0.023) among those who watched television at least once a week compared with those who did not watch television at all. Rural women who watched television at least once a week were 1.2 times more likely to be obese (AOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.34; p=0.040) compared with those who did not watch television at all.ConclusionsFrequent television watching was associated with obesity among rural women of reproductive age in Myanmar.

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Composição Corporal de Adultos Com Síndrome de Down e Excesso de Peso Atendidos em Hospital Universitário

Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde ◽

10.17921/1415-6938.2018v22n1p47-52 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Leiliane Cruz Reis ◽

Livia Maria Machado Nunes ◽

Maria Edilma Da Silva Bezerra ◽

Rosilene Reis Della Noce

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Down Syndrome ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

University Hospital ◽

Normal Range ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

The City

Pessoas com Síndrome de Down podem, frequentemente, apresentar doença cardíaca congênita, hipotireoidismo, distúrbios gastrointestinais e tendência ao sobrepeso e obesidade, comprometendo gravemente a saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a composição corporal de adultos com Síndrome de Down - SD e excesso de peso, atendidos em um Hospital Universitário. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e descritivo realizado na cidade de Belém do Pará, no ano de 2017, onde os participantes com SD, foram avaliados para determinação da composição corporal com a utilização do aparelho de bioimpedância elétrica InBody230. Foram avaliados 13 indivíduos de ambos os sexos com idades variando entre 20 e 40 anos. A média de peso dos indivíduos do sexo masculino e feminino foi de 71,8 kg e 69,2 kg respectivamente, a média de Índice de Massa Corporal - IMC foi de 31,27 kg/m² para os homens e 34,08 kg/m² para as mulheres, classificada em obesidade. A maioria dos indivíduos apresenta Massa Muscular Esquelética - MME e Massa Livre de Gordura - MLG dentro da faixa de normalidade, porém os valores de Massa de Gordura (MG), assim como a Relação Cintura Quadril - RCQ de todos os indivíduos estão elevados. O acompanhamento individualizado da composição corporal, por meio da bioimpedância elétrica, mostrou ser um instrumento eficaz para avaliação do estado nutricional dessa população.Palavras-chave: Síndrome de Down. Composição Corporal. Bioimpedância Elétrica.AbstractPeople with Down Syndrome can often have congenital heart disease, hypothyroidism, gastrointestinal disorders, and tendency to overweight and obesity severely compromising health. The objective of this study was to describe the body composition in adults with Down Syndrome and overweight treated in a University Hospital. This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study carried out in the city of Belém do Pará in 2017, where the participants with DS, were evaluated to determine the body composition with the use of InBody 230 electric bioimpedance device. Eight individuals of both sexes with ages varying between 20 and 40 years were evaluated. The mean weight of the male and female subjects was 71.8 kg and 69.2 kg respectively, the mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 31.27 kg / m² for men and 34.08 kg / m² for women, classified as obesity. The majority of individuals had a Skeletal Muscle Mass (MME) and Fat Free Mass (MLG) within the normal range, but the values of Mass of Fat (MG), as well as the Hip Waist Ratio (WHR) of all individuals are high. The individualized monitoring of body composition through electric bioimpedance proved to be an effective tool for assessing the nutritional status of this population.Keywords: Down Syndrome. Body composition. Electric impedance.

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Practice of self-medication among medical students in a region of northern state of India

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20190652 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 488

Author(s):

Sunita Singh ◽

Ranjana Singh ◽

Vivek Singh ◽

Barakha Gupta

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Medical Professional ◽

Undergraduate Medical Students ◽

Self Medication ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Minor Ailments ◽

Perception Of Self

Background: Self-medication usually leads to irrational drug utilization pattern leading to various issues like economic burden, incomplete treatment and antibiotic resistance. Self-medication is a common practice in developing countries and prevalent among medical students, influencing their future decision making as medical professional. The current study was carried out to determine the prevalence of self-medication among medical students and their attitude towards the same.Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire based study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital from July 2015 to Oct 2015. Structured and validated questions were used to collect information about knowledge, attitude and practice of self-medication among undergraduate medical students. The study included total of 328 participants. Data were collected from each participant and analyzed statistically by using SPSS version 20 for count and percentages.Results: A total of 328 subjects studying at a medical school were assessed regarding their practice, attitude and perception of self-medication behavior. Out of total recruited subjects, 53% were males and 47% were females. The prevalence of self-medication among recruited subjects was 89.9%. Symptoms like fever, Headache and weakness were the most common reasons of self-medication. The most commonly used drugs were antipyretic, analgesics (81.7%), antibiotics (51.2%). Approximately 15% subjects were not aware about the completion of the course of antibiotic treatment. Subjects obtained information and procured drugs from their family members, friends and pharmacist and the reasons for this were cited as lack of time, minor ailments and quick relief. Only 32.6% students opined that self-medication should be encouraged in future.Conclusions: Current study reveals that practice of self-medication is highly prevalent among medical students without adequate knowledge of drugs used. Students should be educated regarding advantages and disadvantages of self-medication.

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Pattern and determinants of obesity among undergraduate medical students of Delhi

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20205497 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Yachna Setu ◽

Anika Sulania ◽

Ravi Prakash Jha ◽

Shelesh Kumar Goel

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Role Model ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

World Health ◽

P Value ◽

Undergraduate Medical Students ◽

Height Measurement ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity

Background: Obesity is one of the most serious public health challenge of 21st century. Overweight and obese children are more likely to develop non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in their adolescent age group. For the last few years prevalence of obesity among adolescent has risen dramatically. According to few recent studies, prevalence of obesity is high among medical students. Aims and objectives of the research was to study the prevalence of obesity among undergraduate medical students and to assess the determinants of obesity.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 undergraduate medical students in a medical college of Delhi. A pre-designed, pretested and semi-structured interview schedule was used. And for anthropometric measurements, digital weighing scale for weight measurement, stadiometer for height measurement and non-stretchable inch tape for waist-circumference/hip-circumference (WC/HC) measurement. Results: A total of 200 medical students were surveyed for a period of 6 months. It was observed that according to World Health Organization (WHO) Asian – pacific classification of body mass index (BMI), 21% (42/200) were overweight and 29% (58/200) were obese. Among the study participants, socio demographic variables which were found to be associated with increased BMI were mother’s education (p value=0.02), father’s education (p value=0.01) and type of the area (p value=0.03). Occupation of mothers and father was not found to be significantly associated with the BMI.Conclusions: Medical students are our future doctors and role model for the community, so it is very important to modify the dietary and lifestyle factors in order to decrease the prevalence of overweight and obesity among medical students.

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Spectral characteristics of the internal jugular vein and central venous pressure pulses: a proof of concept study

Veins and Lymphatics ◽

10.4081/vl.2021.9732 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Clive Beggs ◽

Valentina Tavoni ◽

Erica Menegatti ◽

Mirko Tessari ◽

Riccardo Ragazzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Venous Pressure ◽

Venous Pressure ◽

Spectral Characteristics ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Central Venous ◽

Jugular Veins ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Concept Study ◽

The Impact

In this proof-of-concept study the impact of central venous pressure (CVP) on internal jugular veins cross-sectional area (CSA) and blood flow time-average velocity (TAV) was evaluated in eight subjects, with the aim of understanding the drivers of the jugular venous pulse. CVP was measured using a central venous catheter while CSA variation and TAV along a cardiac cycle were acquired using ultrasound. Analysis of CVP, CSA and TAV time-series signals revealed TAV and CSA to lag behind CVP by on average 0.129 s and 0.138 s, with an inverse correlation between CSA and TAV (r= –0.316). The respective autocorrelation signals were strongly correlated (mean r=0.729-0.764), with mean CSA periodicity being 1.062 Hz. Fourier analysis revealed the frequency spectrums of CVP, TAV and CSA signals to be dominated by frequencies at approximately 1 and 2 Hz, with those >1 Hz greatly attenuated in the CSA signal. Because the autocorrelograms and periodograms of the respective signals were aligned and dominated by the same underlying frequencies, this suggested that they are more easily interpreted in the frequency domain rather than the time domain.

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