scholarly journals Significance of non-coding circular RNAs and micro RNAs in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 713-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Heart failure, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction are the most prominent cardiovascular diseases contributing significantly to death worldwide. In the majority of situations, except for surgical interventions and transplantation, there are no reliable therapeutic approaches available to address these health problem. Despite several advances that led to the development of biomarkers and therapies based on the renin–angiotensin system, adrenergic pathways, etc, more definitive and consistent biomarkers and specific target based molecular therapies are still being sought. Recent advances in the field of genomic research has helped in identifying non-coding RNAs, including circular RNAs, piRNAs, micro RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs, that play a significant role in the regulation of gene expression and function and have direct impact on pathophysiological mechanisms. This new knowledge is currently being explored with much hope for the development of novel treatments and biomarkers. Circular RNAs and micro RNAs have been described in myocardium and aortic valves and were shown to be involved in the regulation of pathophysiological processes that potentially contribute to cardiovascular diseases. Approximately 32 000 human exonic circular RNAs have been catalogued and their functions are still being ascertained. In the heart, circular RNAs were shown to bind micro RNAs in a specific manner and regulate the expression of transcription factors and stress response genes, and expression of these non-coding RNAs were found to change in conditions such as cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure and cardiac remodelling, reflecting their significance as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In this review, we address the present state of understanding on the biogenesis, regulation and pathophysiological roles of micro and circular RNAs in cardiovascular diseases, and on the potential future perspectives on their use as biomarkers and therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Dysregulated micro-RNAs and long noncoding RNAs in cardiac development and pediatric heart failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (5) ◽  
pp. H1308-H1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Toni ◽  
Frehiwet Hailu ◽  
Carmen C. Sucharov
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Cardiovascular Development ◽  
Micro Rnas

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are broadly described as RNA molecules that are not translated into protein. The investigation of dysregulated ncRNAs in human diseases such as cancer, neurological, and cardiovascular diseases has been under way for well over a decade. Micro-RNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the best characterized ncRNAs. These ncRNAs can have profound effects on the regulation of gene expression during cardiac development and disease. Importantly, ncRNAs are significant regulators of gene expression in several congenital heart diseases and can positively or negatively impact cardiovascular development. In this review, we focus on literature involving micro-RNAs and lncRNAs in the context of pediatric cardiovascular diseases, preclinical models of heart failure, and cardiac development.

Long non-coding RNAs in Heart Failure: A Deep Belief Network based Cluster Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manu Madhavan ◽  
Gopakumar G
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Topic Model ◽  
Functional Module ◽  
Deep Belief Network ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Belief Network ◽  
Network Cluster ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of mortality rate worldwide, but studied less for its underlying biomolecular mechanisms. With the advances in gene sequence analysis, many non-coding RNAs, especially from long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genre are found to be involved in regulating HF conditions. Recent studies are based on competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) theory in which lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA compounds control many disease conditions. Method: In this paper, we present a topic model based network cluster analysis to identify the role of lncRNAs in HF. The network is constructed based on the differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), micro RNAs (miRNAs), and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of heart failure patients and control samples from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Further, we extend the primary ceRNA network by adding pathways as additional nodes. Deep belief network based feature learning is used to extract the features from the network automatically. Results: We obtained two clusters where each cluster was a mixture of lncRNAs, mRNAs, miRNAs and pathways. The analysis included the identification of key lncRNAs, enriched pathways, and gene ontology terms from each cluster. Based on the shreds of evidence from literature, one of the clusters obtained was identified to be an essential functional module in HF mechanism. The potential of lncRNA as a diagnostic biomarker in HF was also analysed.

scholarly journals The Impact of Mutant p53 in the Non-Coding RNA World

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Silvia Di Agostino
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Rna World ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Mutant P53 ◽  
Suppressor Activity ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
The Impact

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), micro RNAs (miRNAs), and extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) are new groups of RNAs with regulation activities that have low or no protein-coding ability. Emerging evidence suggests that deregulated expression of these non-coding RNAs is associated with the induction and progression of diverse tumors throughout epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional modifications. A consistent number of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has been shown to be regulated by p53, the most important tumor suppressor of the cells frequently mutated in human cancer. It has been shown that some mutant p53 proteins are associated with the loss of tumor suppressor activity and the acquisition of new oncogenic functions named gain-of-function activities. In this review, we highlight recent lines of evidence suggesting that mutant p53 is involved in the expression of specific ncRNAs to gain oncogenic functions through the creation of a complex network of pathways that influence each other.

scholarly journals Role of circular RNAs in cardiovascular diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 244 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Gong ◽  
Gengze Wu ◽  
Chunyu Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Expression Abundance ◽  
Therapeutic Perspective

Over the last several decades, cardiovascular diseases largely increase the morbidity and mortality especially in developed countries, affecting millions of people worldwide. Although extensive work over the last two decades attempted to decipher the molecular network of regulating the pathogenesis and progression of these diseases, evidences from clinical trials with newly revealed targets failed to show more evidently salutary effects, indicating the inefficiency of understanding the complete regulatory landscape. Recent studies have shifted their focus from coding genes to the non-coding ones, which consist of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and the lately re-discovered a unique group of RNAs—circular RNAs (circRNAs). As the focus now has been shifted to the newly identified group of non-coding RNAs, circRNAs exhibit stability, highly conservation and relative enriched expression abundance in some cases, which are distinct from their cognate linear counterparts—lncRNAs. So far, emerging evidence begins to support the critical role of circRNAs in organogenesis and pathogenesis as exemplified in the central nervous system, and could be just as implicative in the cardiovascular system, suggesting a therapeutic perspective in related diseases. Impact statement Circular RNAs are important regulators of multiple biological processes such as organogenesis and oncogenesis. Although the bulk of concerning studies focused on revealing their diversified roles in various types of cancers, reports began to accumulate in cardiovascular field these days. We summarize circular RNAs implicated in cardiovascular diseases, aiming to highlight the advances in the knowledge of such diseases and their potential of being promising target for diagnosis and therapy.

scholarly journals Circular RNAs in Cardiovascular Disease: An Overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximin Fan ◽  
Xinyu Weng ◽  
Yifan Zhao ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Tianyi Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Mirna Sponges

Circular RNA (circRNA), a novel type of endogenous noncoding RNA (ncRNA), has become a research hotspot in recent years. CircRNAs are abundant and stably exist in creatures, and they are found with covalently closed loop structures in which they are quite different from linear RNAs. Nowadays, an increasing number of scientists have demonstrated that circRNAs may have played an essential role in the regulation of gene expression, especially acting as miRNA sponges, and have described the potential mechanisms of several circRNAs in diseases, hinting at their clinical therapeutic values. In this review, the authors summarized the current understandings of the biogenesis and properties of circRNAs and their functions and role as biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Non-Coding RNAs in Pancreatic Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy: Focus on lncRNAs, circRNAs, and piRNAs

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4161
Author(s):  
Yiwei Li ◽  
Mohammed Najeeb Al Hallak ◽  
Philip A. Philip ◽  
Asfar S. Azmi ◽  
Ramzi M. Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Cellular Signal ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignance with high mortality. The lack of early diagnosis and effective therapy contributes to the high mortality of this deadly disease. For a long time being, the alterations in coding RNAs have been considered as major targets for diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. However, with the advances in high-throughput next generation of sequencing more alterations in non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been discovered in different cancers. Further mechanistic studies have demonstrated that ncRNAs such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), circular RNAs (circRNA) and piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) play vital roles in the regulation of tumorigenesis, tumor progression and prognosis. In recent years, increasing studies have focused on the roles of ncRNAs in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Novel findings have demonstrated that lncRNA, circRNA, and piRNA are critically involved in the regulation of gene expression and cellular signal transduction in pancreatic cancer. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of roles of lncRNA, circRNA, and piRNA in the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer, and molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of these ncRNAs and related signaling in pancreatic cancer therapy. The information provided here will help to find new strategies for better treatment of pancreatic cancer.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs as monitoring markers for right-sided heart failure and congestive hepatopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Ruxandra Florentina Ionescu ◽  
◽  
Sanda Maria Cretoiu ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Congestive Hepatopathy

The last decades showed a worrying increase in the evolution of cardiovascular diseases towards different stages of heart failure (HF), as a stigma of the western lifestyle. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), non-coding RNAs, which are approximately 22-nucleotide long, were shown to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of HF. miRNAs research is of high interest nowadays, as these molecules display mechanisms of action that can influence the course of evolution of common chronic diseases, including HF. The potential of post-transcriptional regulation by miRNAs concerning the diagnosis, management, and therapy for HF represents a new promising approach in the accurate assessment of cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to assess the current knowledge of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases, especially right-sided heart failure and hepatomegaly. Moreover, attention is focused on their role as potential molecular biomarkers and more promising aspects involving miRNAs as future therapeutic targets in the pathophysiology of HF.

MicroRNA-30 and 145 as targets for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: therapeutic feasibility and challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Emilia Lima Tolouei ◽  
Tatiana Zauer Curi ◽  
Lislaine Maria Klider ◽  
Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Multiple Target ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
Number Of Genes

: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of non-communicable disorders of the heart and blood vessels. Although lifestyle changes as well as pharmacological treatments and surgical interventions are available in many countries, CVDs are still considered the number one cause of mortality worldwide. Hence, considering that most CVDs are caused by genetic and environmental imbalances, micro-RNAs (miRNAs or miRs) appear as a plausible therapeutic option for CVDs as they are able to regulate a wide number of genes due to multiple target sites in different genes. Since miRNA-30 and -145 have been shown to play critical roles in the cardiovascular system, acting as important regulators of many functions and biological processes, this review focuses on summarizing recent findings on their involvement in CVDs, mainly as targets for therapeutic intervention. Therefore, the biology, mechanisms of action and data on what has been discovered so far regarding miRNA-30 and 145 as therapeutic targets for CVDs are presented.

scholarly journals Non-coding RNAs modulate autophagy in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuwen Huang ◽  
Jingting Mai ◽  
Jingwei Chen ◽  
Yinying He ◽  
Xiaojun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion

AbstractThe myocardial infarction is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular diseases around the world. Although the timely and complete reperfusion via Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) or thrombolysis have distinctly decreased the mortality of myocardial infarction, reperfusion itself may lead to supererogatory irreversible myocardial injury and heart function disorders, namely ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Extensive studies have indicated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play important roles in the progress of myocardial I/R injury, which is closely correlative with cardiomyocytes autophagy. Moreover, autophagy plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis and protecting cells in the myocardial ischemia reperfusion and cardiomyocyte hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) progress. In this review, we first introduced the biogenesis and functions of ncRNAs, and subsequently summarized the roles and relevant molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs regulating autophagy in myocardial I/R injury. We hope that this review in addition to develop a better understanding of the physiological and pathological roles of ncRNAs, can also lay a foundation for the therapies of myocardial I/R injury, and even for other related cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Current Status and Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Using Non-coding RNA to Treat Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit K. Rai ◽  
Brooke Lee ◽  
Ramesh Gomez ◽  
Deepu Rajendran ◽  
Mahmood Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DMCM) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among diabetic patients. DMCM is characterized by an increase in oxidative stress with systemic inflammation that leads to cardiac fibrosis, ultimately causing diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Even though DMCM pathophysiology is well studied, the approach to limit this condition is not met with success. This highlights the need for more knowledge of underlying mechanisms and innovative therapies. In this regard, emerging evidence suggests a potential role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including micro-RNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) as novel diagnostics, mechanisms, and therapeutics in the context of DMCM. However, our understanding of ncRNAs’ role in diabetic heart disease is still in its infancy. This review provides a comprehensive update on pre-clinical and clinical studies that might develop therapeutic strategies to limit/prevent DMCM.

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