scholarly journals O5B.3 Skin health in croatian hairdressing apprentices at the beginning of vocational education: a new cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A43.3-A44
Author(s):  
Zrinka Franic ◽  
Zeljka Babic ◽  
Jelena Macan
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
International Study ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Hand Eczema ◽  
Occupational Contact Dermatitis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of

IntroductionHairdressing apprentices are at high risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis.Materials and methodsData on skin health are presented for 352 hairdressing apprentices attending vocational schools in 24 Croatian towns at the beginning of their education, in a screening phase of a prospective cohort study. Apprentices were recruited from September to December 2017. The study protocol included: Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire and International Study on Asthma and Allergy in Children Questionnaire for the evaluation of self-reported skin and atopy symptoms, clinical skin examination interpreted by means of Osnabrueck Hand Eczema Severity Index (OHSI), genotyping filaggrin (FLG) gene polymorphisms 2282del4 and R501X from buccal swabs, skin pH and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements.ResultsIn the total sample (n=352, median age 15, 18 males), a history of respiratory and/or skin atopy symptoms was reported by 44.89%, hand/wrist eczema by 11.93%, and a history of dry hands (without eczema) by 34.38% of apprentices. One or more hand/wrist skin changes were found at the clinical examination in 18.18% of apprentices, with the OHSI score ranging from 1 to 6. Washing hands>20 times per day was identified in 12.78% of apprentices. An FLG gene mutation (R501X) was found in only one apprentice. The median (range) for hand TEWL and pH was 13.1 (4.36–62.69) and 5.68 (4.28–7.13), respectively. OHSI score was positively correlated with hand TEWL (Spearman rho 0.16; p=0.0026), and pH (Spearman rho 0.13; p=0.0186).ConclusionThe results indicate a high prevalence of self-reported atopy (45%) and moderate prevalence of self-reported (12%) and clinically observed skin symptoms (18%) on the hands/wrists of hairdressing apprentices already at the beginning of education, without FLG mutations as a risk factors. This emphasizes the need to ameliorate preventive examinations of children before enrolling to schools for professions with high risk of exposure to skin hazards.

Reciprocal relations between care-related emotional burden and sleep problems in healthcare professionals: a multicentre international cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Cheval ◽  
Denis Mongin ◽  
Stéphane Cullati ◽  
Carole Winz ◽  
Martina von Arx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Reciprocal Relations ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Coping Scale ◽  
Insomnia Severity

ObjectiveTo determine whether there are reciprocal relations between care-related regret and insomnia severity among healthcare professionals, and whether the use of different coping strategies influences these associations.MethodsThis is a multicentre international cohort study of 151 healthcare professionals working in acute care hospitals and clinics (87.4% female; mean age=30.4±8.0 years, 27.2% physicians, 48.3% nurses and 24.5% other professions) between 2014 and 2017. Weekly measures of regret intensity, number of regrets, and use of coping strategies (Regret Coping Scale) and sleep problems (Insomnia Severity Index) were assessed using a web survey.ResultsThe associations between regret and insomnia severity were bidirectional. In a given week, regret intensity (bregret intensity→sleep=0.26, 95% credible interval (CI) (0.14 to 0.40)) and number of regrets (bnumber of regrets→sleep=0.43, 95% CI (0.07 to 0.53)) were significantly associated with increased insomnia severity the following week. Conversely, insomnia severity in a given week was significantly associated with higher regret intensity (bsleep→regret intensity=0.14, 95% CI (0.11 to 0.30)) and more regrets (bsleep→number of regrets=0.04, 95% CI (0.02 to 0.06)) the week after. The effects of regret on insomnia severity were much stronger than those in the opposite direction. The use of coping strategies, especially if they were maladaptive, modified the strength of these cross-lagged associations.ConclusionsThe present study showed that care-related regret and sleep problems are closely intertwined among healthcare professionals. Given the high prevalence of these issues, our findings call for the implementation of interventions that are specifically designed to help healthcare professionals to reduce their use of maladaptive coping strategies.

scholarly journals The development of an online risk calculator for the prediction of future syphilis among a high-risk cohort of men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru

Sexual Health ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lao-Tzu Allan-Blitz ◽  
Kelika A. Konda ◽  
Silver K. Vargas ◽  
Xiaoyan Wang ◽  
Eddy R. Segura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Risk Calculator ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Online Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sex With Men

Background Syphilis incidence worldwide has rebounded since 2000, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). A predictive model for syphilis infection may inform prevention counselling and use of chemoprophylaxis. Methods: Data from a longitudinal cohort study of MSM and transgender women meeting high-risk criteria for syphilis who were followed quarterly for 2 years were analysed. Incidence was defined as a four-fold increase in rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titres or new RPR reactivity if two prior titres were non-reactive. Generalised estimating equations were used to calculate rate ratios (RR) and develop a predictive model for 70% of the dataset, which was then validated in the remaining 30%. An online risk calculator for the prediction of future syphilis was also developed. Results: Among 361 participants, 22.0% were transgender women and 34.6% were HIV-infected at baseline. Syphilis incidence was 19.9 cases per 100-person years (95% confidence interval (CI) 16.3–24.3). HIV infection (RR 2.22; 95% CI 1.54–3.21) and history of syphilis infection (RR 2.23; 95% 1.62–3.64) were significantly associated with incident infection. The final predictive model for syphilis incidence in the next 3 months included HIV infection, history of syphilis, number of male sex partners and sex role for anal sex in the past 3 months, and had an area under the curve of 69%. The online syphilis risk calculator based on those results is available at: www.syphrisk.net. Conclusions: Using data from a longitudinal cohort study among a population at high risk for syphilis infection in Peru, we developed a predictive model and online risk calculator for future syphilis infection. The predictive model for future syphilis developed in this study has a moderate predictive accuracy and may serve as the foundation for future studies.

scholarly journals Epidemiological aspects of and risk factors for wheezing in the first year of life

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamilton Rosendo Fogaça ◽  
Fernando Augusto de Lima Marson ◽  
Adyléia Aparecida Dalbo Contrera Toro ◽  
Dirceu Solé ◽  
José Dirceu Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
International Study ◽  
First Episode ◽  
First Year ◽  
Recurrent Wheezing ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
First Year Of Life

OBJECTIVE: To determine, in a sample of infants, the prevalence of and risk factors for occasional wheezing (OW) and recurrent wheezing-wheezy baby syndrome (WBS). METHODS: Parents of infants (12-15 months of age) completed the International Study of Wheezing in Infants questionnaire. RESULTS: We included 1,269 infants residing in the city of Blumenau, Brazil. Of those, 715 (56.34%) had a history of wheezing, which was more common among boys. The prevalences of OW and WBS were 27.03% (n = 343) and 29.31% (n = 372), respectively. On average, the first wheezing episode occurred at 5.55 ± 2.87 months of age. Among the 715 infants with a history of wheezing, the first episode occurred within the first six months of life in 479 (66.99%), and 372 (52.03%) had had three or more episodes. Factors associated with wheezing in general were pneumonia; oral corticosteroid use; a cold; attending daycare; having a parent with asthma or allergies; mother working outside the home; male gender; no breastfeeding; and mold. Factors associated with WBS were a cold; physician-diagnosed asthma; ER visits; corticosteroid use; pneumonia; bronchitis; dyspnea; attending daycare; bronchodilator use; having a parent with asthma; no breastfeeding; mother working outside the home; and a dog in the household. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of wheezing in the studied population was high (56.34%). The etiology was multifactorial, and the risk factors were intrinsic and extrinsic (respiratory tract infections, allergies, attending daycare, and early wheezing). The high prevalence and the intrinsic risk factors indicate the need and the opportunity for epidemiological and genetic studies in this population. In addition, mothers should be encouraged to prolong breastfeeding and to keep infants under six months of age out of daycare.

scholarly journals Influence of Childhood Asthma and Allergies on Occupational Exposure in Early Adulthood: A Prospective Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orianne Dumas ◽  
Nicole Le Moual ◽  
Adrian J. Lowe ◽  
Caroline J. Lodge ◽  
Jan-Paul Zock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Hay Fever ◽  
History Of

We aimed to determine whether history of asthma/allergies in childhood was associated with avoidance of jobs with exposure to asthmagens in early adulthood. The Melbourne Atopic Cohort Study recruited 620 children at high risk of allergic diseases at birth (1990–1994). Asthma, hay fever and eczema were evaluated by questionnaires during childhood. A follow-up in early adulthood (mean age: 18 years) collected information on the current job. Occupational exposure to asthmagens/irritants was evaluated using a job-exposure matrix. The association between history of asthma/allergies in childhood and working in a job with exposure to asthmagens/irritants was evaluated by logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex and parental education. Among 363 participants followed-up until early adulthood, 17% worked in a job with exposure to asthmagens/irritants. History of asthma (35%) was not associated with working in an exposed job (adjusted OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.65–2.09). Subjects with history of hay fever (37%) and eczema (40%) were more likely to enter exposed jobs (significant for hay fever: 1.78, 1.00–3.17; but not eczema: 1.62, 0.91–2.87). In conclusion, young adults with history of allergies were more likely to enter exposed jobs, suggesting no avoidance of potentially hazardous exposures. Improved counselling against high risk jobs may be needed for young adults with these conditions.

scholarly journals New hepatitis C virus infection, re-infection and associated risk behaviour in male Irish prisoners: a cohort study, 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Des Crowley ◽  
Gordana Avramovic ◽  
Walter Cullen ◽  
Collette Farrell ◽  
Anne Halpin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Prisoners are recognised as a high-risk population and prisons as high-risk locations for the transmission of hepatitis c virus (HCV) infection. Injecting drug use (IDU) is the main driver of HCV infection in prisoners and harm reduction services are often suboptimal in prison settings. HCV prevalence and incident data in prisoners is incomplete which impacts the public health opportunity that incarceration provides in identifying, treating and preventing HCV infection. The aim of this study is to identify new HCV infection and associated risk factors in an Irish male prison. Methods We conducted a follow up (18-month) cohort study on prisoners who had previously tested negative, self-cleared or had been successfully treated for HCV infection. We conducted the study in a male medium security prison located in Dublin Ireland (Mountjoy Prison) using HCV serology, a review of medical records and a researcher-administered questionnaire. Results 99 prisoners with a mean age of 33.2 yrs. participated in the study and 82(82.8%) completed a research-administered questionnaire. Over half (51%) had a history of drug use from a young age (14.8 yrs.), 49.9% a history of heroin use and 39% a history of IDU. The prevalence of HIV and hepatitis B virus core antibody was 3% and HCV antibody was 22.2%. No new HCV infections were identified in those who had never been infected (n = 77), had self-cleared (n = 9) or achieved sustained virological response (n = 12). Small numbers of prisoners continued to engage in risk-behaviour including, IDU both in the prison (n = 2) and the community (n = 3), sharing syringes (n = 1) and drug taking paraphernalia (n = 6) and receiving non-sterile tattoos (n = 3). Conclusion Despite the high numbers of Irish prisoners with a history of IDU and HCV infection, new HCV infection is low or non-existent in this population. Small numbers of prisoners continue to engage in risk behaviour and larger studies are required to further understand HCV transmission in this cohort in an Irish and international context.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of non-cystic-fibrosis bronchiectasis in multiethnic Singapore: A prospective cohort study at a tertiary pulmonology centre

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 556-565
Author(s):  
Si Ling Young ◽  
Youxin Puan ◽  
Si Yuan Chew ◽  
Haja Mohideen Salahudeen Mohamed ◽  
Pei Yee Tiew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) is a highly heterogenous disease. We describe the clinical characteristics of NCFB patients and evaluate the performance of Bronchiectasis Severity Index (BSI) in predicting mortality. Methods: Patients attending the bronchiectasis clinic between August 2015 and April 2020 with radiologically proven bronchiectasis on computed tomography were recruited. Clinical characteristics, spirometry, radiology, microbiology and clinical course over a median period of 2.4 years is presented. Results: A total of 168 patients were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. They were predominantly women (67.8%), Chinese (87.5%) and never-smokers (76.9%). Median age of diagnosis was 64 years (interquartile range 56–71) and the most common aetiology was “idiopathic” bronchiectasis (44.6%). Thirty-nine percent had normal spirometries. Compared to female patients, there were more smokers among the male patients (53.8% versus 8.5%, P<0.001) and a significantly larger proportion with post-tuberculous bronchiectasis (37.0% vs 15.8%, P=0.002). Fifty-five percent of our cohort had a history of haemoptysis. Lower body mass index, presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ever-smoker status, modified Reiff score, radiological severity and history of exacerbations were risk factors for mortality. Survival was significantly shorter in patients with severe bronchiectasis (BSI>9) compared to those with mild or moderate disease (BSI<9). The hazard ratio for severe disease (BSI>9) compared to mild disease (BSI 0–4) was 14.8 (confidence interval 1.929–114.235, P=0.01). Conclusion: The NCFB cohort in Singapore has unique characteristics with sex differences. Over half the patients had a history of haemoptysis. The BSI score is a useful predictor of mortality in our population. Keywords: Bronchiectasis, exacerbations, gender, haemoptysis, mortality, Reiff score, sex

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN TINDAKAN PERSALINAN SECTIO CAESAREA DI RUMAH SAKIT SANTA ELISABETH SEMARANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Priharyanti Wulandari ◽  
Ratna Puri Maharani ◽  
Arifianto Arifianto
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Sectio Caesarea ◽  
History Of

Sectio caesarea (SC) is surgical action for give birth by opening lower abdomain and uterus.Sectio Caesarea is used as the last choice that caused by various difficulties such as prolonged babybirth, Uteri imminens rupture, placenta previa, big fetus, pre eclamption and bleeding. Sectio Caesarea also have a high risk for mother and also the babies, but in the fact sectio caesarea level is going bigger in many countries including Indonesia.This research is usingRetrospektif data, total sample in this researchis 62 respondent taken by total sampling technique. Data is taken by observation sheet, then this data is tested by using Chisquare statistic test.Based on analysis result using Chisquare statistic test, the result ofgestational age obtainedP Value= 0,027, Mother age obtainedP Value = 0,014, Sectio Caesarea profile obtainedP Value= 0,003, Comorbidities obtainedP Value= 0,004. Partial trials are allowed in women with a history of SC more than once the results are good and the complications are minimal. It is preferable for women with a history of SC to first determine the type of previous section.

scholarly journals Demographic correlates of nicotine dependence in psychiatric patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Yogendra Singh ◽  
Anil Sisodia ◽  
Anil Gaur ◽  
Vikrant Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drug Abuse Screening Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level

Background: Tobacco and nicotine dependence has high prevalence in patients with psychiatric disorders. The present study was conducted to delineate demographic correlates of tobacco and nicotine dependence in psychiatric patients.Methods: 102 patients were sampled from Institute of Mental Health and Hospital, Agra. Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence for Smoking, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence for Smokeless Tobacco, The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) were used along with a proforma for recording demographic and clinical details of the patients.Results: The results suggested that the severity of nicotine dependence in total sample was as Very Low in 2.9%, Low in 15.7%, medium in 42.2%, and High in 39.2%. The results of association between demographic variables and nicotine dependence suggested that there was statistically significant association between nicotine dependence and gender, place of residence, marital status, type of family, annual income, history of mental illness, History of substance use and duration of tobacco use.Conclusions: The medium and high level of nicotine dependence amount to 81.40% sample is of true concern which warrant for an active intervention for tobacco cessation programs in majority of the patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of cagA, vacA, babA2 and iceA Genes in Helicobacter pylori Strains Isolated from Colombian Patients with Functional Dyspepsia

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
AZUCENA ARÉVALO-GALVIS ◽  
ALBA A. TRESPALACIOS-RANGEL ◽  
WILLIAM OTERO ◽  
MARCELA M. MERCADO-REYES ◽  
RAÚL A. POUTOU-PIÑALES
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Functional Dyspepsia ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
New Evidence

The clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection has been particularly associated with virulence genotypes. These genotypes are useful as molecular markers in the identification of patients that are infected and at high risk for developing more severe gastric pathologies. Our main objective was to determine the prevalence of virulence genotypes cagA, vacA, iceA and babA2 of H. pylori, in patients with functional dyspepsia who are infected with the bacteria. H. pylori genotypes babA2 and cagA as well as vacA and iceA allelic variants were identified by PCR in 122 isolates resulting from 79 patients with functional dyspepsia. A high prevalence of genes cagA+ (71%), vacAs1am1 (34%), babA2 (57%) and iceA1 (87%) was found. The most frequent combined genotype found were cagA+/vacAs1am1/babA2+/iceA1 and cagA-/vacAs1am1/babA2+/iceA1, regardless of any family history of gastric cancer or MALT lymphoma. The very virulent genotype cagA+/vacAs1am1/babA2+/iceA1 prevailed in the studied patients with functional dyspepsia. Our results provide information about the prevalence of four of the more important virulent factors and constitute new evidence on the prevalence of the most virulent H. pylori genotype in patients with functional dyspepsia.

scholarly journals Time Has Come for Routine Penicillin Allergy Testing in Obstetrics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. e15-e19
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Cook ◽  
Mildred Ramirez ◽  
Mark Turrentine
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Penicillin Allergy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Allergy Testing ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objective This study evaluates penicillin allergy during pregnancy to estimate the proportion that could benefit from penicillin allergy testing. Study Design Retrospective cohort study of women with penicillin allergy that delivered from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. Results Among 6,321 deliveries, 446 (7%) were identified with penicillin allergy. Nine percent (41/446) had no documentation of allergy severity. Allergies associated with intolerance, low, moderate, or high risk of anaphylaxis were reported in 6% (25/446), 40% (177/446), 32% (142/446), and 14% (61/446), respectively. Nearly 74% (330/446) received an antibiotic either antepartum, at delivery, or within 6 weeks of postpartum. The majority of women, 81% (360/446) (i.e., undocumented reactions, low, or moderate risk of anaphylaxis) would have been eligible for penicillin allergy testing. Greater appropriate utilization of antibiotics occurred in women with a high 80% (39/49) or moderate risk of anaphylaxis 70% (79/112) versus low risk of anaphylaxis 55% (64/117), history of intolerance 40% (8/20), or undocumented reaction 19% (6/32), p ≤ 0.01. Conclusion Most women who report a penicillin allergy during pregnancy would be candidates for penicillin allergy testing. With the high rate of antibiotic interventions in pregnant women who report a penicillin allergy, consideration should be given for penicillin allergy assessment.

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