scholarly journals Demographic correlates of nicotine dependence in psychiatric patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Yogendra Singh ◽  
Anil Sisodia ◽  
Anil Gaur ◽  
Vikrant Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drug Abuse Screening Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level

Background: Tobacco and nicotine dependence has high prevalence in patients with psychiatric disorders. The present study was conducted to delineate demographic correlates of tobacco and nicotine dependence in psychiatric patients.Methods: 102 patients were sampled from Institute of Mental Health and Hospital, Agra. Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence for Smoking, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence for Smokeless Tobacco, The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) were used along with a proforma for recording demographic and clinical details of the patients.Results: The results suggested that the severity of nicotine dependence in total sample was as Very Low in 2.9%, Low in 15.7%, medium in 42.2%, and High in 39.2%. The results of association between demographic variables and nicotine dependence suggested that there was statistically significant association between nicotine dependence and gender, place of residence, marital status, type of family, annual income, history of mental illness, History of substance use and duration of tobacco use.Conclusions: The medium and high level of nicotine dependence amount to 81.40% sample is of true concern which warrant for an active intervention for tobacco cessation programs in majority of the patients.

HUBUNGAN TUNGAU DEBU RUMAH, PAPARAN ASAP ROKOK DAN RIWAYAT PENYAKIT KELUARGA TERHADAP KEJADIAN ASMA BRONKIAL PADA ANAK USIA 5 – 10 TAHUN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS LEMPAKE KOTA SAMARINDA TAHUN 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sri Evi New Yearsi Pangadongan ◽  
Agustina Rahyu ◽  
Selvy Pasulu
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
History Of ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
And Gender

Bronchial Asthma generally starts from childhood which is condition where respiration channel experiences constriction because of hyperactivity with some specific stimulation which cause inflammation. Some risk factors are smoking exposure of cigarette smoke, weather changes, mite on house dirt, pet and history of family sickness. The purpose of this research is to know Relation of mite on house dirt, exposure of cigarette smoke  and history of family sickness with bronchial asthma incident to child 5 – 10  years old on working area of Puskesmas Lempake Samarinda City in 2016. Method which used was analytic survey with Case Control approaching. The total sample was 36 children which consisted of 18 case group and 18 control group with matching by using age and gender which submitted with Purposive Sampling technique. Data Analysis used Chi Square with wrong degree α = 0,005. The result showed that there was relation of mite of house dirt (p = 0,006), history of family sickness (p = 0,001) and no relation with exposure of cigarette smoke (p = 0,370) with bronchial asthma incident to child 5 – 10 years old on working area of Puskesmas Lempake Samarinda City in 2016.

Clinical and demographic characteristics of psychiatric patients seropositive for Borrelia burgdorferi

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hájek ◽  
J. Libiger ◽  
D. Janovská ◽  
P. Hájek ◽  
M. Alda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractPurpose.Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) infection can affect the central nervous system and possibly lead to psychiatric disorders. We compared clinical and demographic variables in Bb seropositive and seronegative psychiatric patients and healthy controls.Method.Nine hundred and twenty-six consecutive psychiatric patients were screened for antibodies to Bb and compared with 884 simultaneously recruited healthy subjects.Results.Contrary to healthy controls, seropositive psychiatric patients were significantly younger than seronegative ones. None of the studied psychiatric diagnostic categories exhibited stronger association with seropositivity. There were no differences between seropositive and seronegative psychiatric patients in hospitalization length, proportion of previously hospitalized patients and proportion of subjects with family history of psychiatric disorders.Conclusion.These findings elaborate on potential association between Bb infection and psychiatric morbidity, but fail to identify any specific clinical ‘signature’ of Bb infection.

Outpatient Psychotropic Drug Interactions in a Public Psychiatry Hospital in Bahrain: An Audit Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Tayem ◽  
Saeed Aljaberi ◽  
Ali Alfehaid ◽  
Abdulaziz Almekhyal ◽  
Haitham Jahrami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychotropic Medications ◽  
Outpatient Psychiatry ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Public Psychiatry ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Potential Interactions ◽  
Outpatient Prescriptions

Background: Psychotropic polypharmacy is particularly common which puts psychiatric patients at high risk for developing drug-drug interactions. Objective: We aimed to study potential interactions between psychotropic medications prescribed within the outpatient psychiatry setting. Method: This was an audit study, which targeted a sample of outpatient prescriptions ordered within the outpatient clinics of the main psychiatry hospital in Bahrain over 2017. We studied the degree and correlation between psychotropic drugs. Results: The total number of prescriptions in our sample was 992 (56.1% males, 43.9% females). Psychotropic polypharmacy was detected in 842 prescriptions (84.9%). Potential interactions between psychotropic drugs were observed in 550 prescriptions (56.4%). The degree of interaction was minor in 43 prescriptions (7.8%), significant in 419 prescriptions (76.2%), and serious in 88 prescriptions (16%). Schizoaffective disorder subjects were the most likely to suffer from interactions (64.6%), whereas prescriptions issued for those who had schizophrenia contained the least number of interactions (51.6%). The total number of interactions was strongly associated with polypharmacy (p < .001), and gender (p < .01), but not with age (p > .05) or diagnosis (p > .05). Conclusion: High prevalence of polypharmacy and interactions between psychotropic medications were observed in our sample, particularly of the significant grade.

Suicide in prisons and remand centres

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Marco Sarchiapone ◽  
Miriam Iosue
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Individual Vulnerability ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
High Level

Suicide is one of the most common causes of death in custodial settings worldwide, accounting for around 10% of prisoners’ deaths. Suicide attempts and suicidal ideation are also more common among prisoners compared to the general population. The high prevalence of suicidal behaviours among prisoners is likely the result of a complex interaction between individual vulnerability and the high level of stress and deprivation caused by the condition of confinement. Among prisoners and inmates, the prevalence of well-established suicide risk factors, such as a history of self-harm, psychopathological conditions, aggressive personality traits, and childhood trauma, is higher than in the general population. Moreover, the loss of freedom and autonomy, social isolation, lack of purposeful activity, and victimization are prison-specific stressors that showed to increase the suicide risk among inmates. Given this complexity, comprehensive multifactored prevention programmes involving the administrative, custodial, and clinical staff are the most effective in preventing suicide.

scholarly journals Peran Gender dalam Hubungan Seks pada Wanita Hamil

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Budi Asty Andini ◽  
Khobibah Khobibah ◽  
Mimi Ruspita
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sexual Relations ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Sexual intercourse during pregnancy is a physiological need for pregnant women that is influenced by factors of perception from within oneself and previous experience and gender role factors in the family with the aim of knowing the relationship between gender roles and sexual relations in pregnant women. Methods: Non-experimental research with a population of all pregnant women in the village of Curugsewu in the District of Patean. The total sample of pregnant women receiving antenatal care was 30 with the Kendal statistical test. Results: significance T = 0.022 <0.005 there is a relationship between gender roles and sexual relations of sufficient strength in the negative direction -391*.Conclusion: there is a relationship between gender roles and sexual relations, the husband's role is very dominant but the frequency of sex in early pregnancy is largely not done because it is influenced by cultural factors and a history of previous abortion sex.

scholarly journals The Frequency and Factors Related to Aggressive Behavior in Psychiatric Patients Controlled by a Variety of Restraint Methods

2022 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Kheradmand ◽  
Anita Hosseini ◽  
Abdollah Farhadinasab
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Overt Aggression Scale ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Aggressive behavior of patients in psychiatric wards is one of the main challenges faced by healthcare workers. Despite the abundance of research on the frequency of aggressive behavior, not enough attention has been paid to its severity. Furthermore, limited studies have evaluated the restraint methods used to manage aggressive behaviors. Objectives: The current descriptive study aimed to compare the relationship between demographic characteristics, diagnosis of psychiatric illness, medical illness, and hospitalization characteristics with features of aggressive behavior in patients experiencing different types of restraint during hospitalization. Methods: We evaluated subjects admitted to the adult psychiatric wards of Imam Hossein and Taleghani hospitals in Tehran, Iran, in 2018. The patients were controlled by various restraint methods during hospitalization. All the patients were evaluated for the severity of aggression, which was determined utilizing the Persian version of the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS). All the data along with demographic and clinical characteristics obtained from medical records were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test (P-value = 0.05) and Spearman correlation coefficient to describe the factors affecting the aggressive behavior of patients. Results: In this study, the prevalence of aggressive behavior was 11.7%. Among the demographic variables, gender (P-value = 0.003), education level (P-value = 0.05), and the history of aggressive behavior (P-value = 0.001) were significantly associated with the MOAS. Furthermore, as the hospitalization duration increased, the frequency of aggressive behavior decreased, and its severity intensified. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between aggression severity with admission type (P-value = 0.00), concurrent medical illness (P-value = 0.026), and substance abuse (P-value = 0.025). Conclusions: According to the obtained results, the factors affecting the aggression and early identification of patients with the potential of aggressive behavior is an effective management strategy for controlling these patients.

scholarly journals Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Sendangrejo, Minggir, Sleman Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sri Sularsih Endartiwi
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Control Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender

Desa Sendangrejo Kecamatan Minggir Kabupaten Sleman merupakan desa yang menduduki peringkat pertama kasus stunting di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Minggir. Prevalensi stunting di Desa Sendangrejo sebesar 13,43%. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian stunting pada balita di Sendangrejo, Minggir, Sleman Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian survei dengan rancangan penelitian case control. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah balita yang mengalami stunting di Desa Sendangrejo Minggir berjumlah 58 balita. Sampel diambil secara total sampling dengan jumlah sebanyak 58 balita stunting dan balita yang tidak stunting sebanyak 58 orang dan total sampel adalah sebanyak 116 balita. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Sendangrejo Minggir Sleman Yogyakarta. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan membagikan kuesioner kepada responden sedangkan data stunting menggunakan data sekunder dari Puskesmas Minggir. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 7 variabel yang mempengaruhi terjadinya stunting pada balita di Desa Sendangrejo Kecamatan Minggir Kabupaten Sleman. Ketujuh variabel tersebut adalah tinggi badan ibu pada waktu hamil, sosial ekonomi, pola asuh ibu, pemberian ASI eksklusif, panjang badan lahir, berat badan lahir, dan usia kelahiran dengan nilai p value < 0,05. Sedangkan, 4 variabel lainnya yang diteliti tidak mempengaruhi kejadian stunting pada balita di Desa Sendangrejo Kecamatan Minggir Kabupaten Sleman. Keempat faktor tersebut adalah umur ibu menikah pertama kali, umur ibu melahirkan anak pertama kali, riwayat diare dan jenis kelamin.  Sendangrejo Village, Minggir District, Sleman Regency is the village that ranks first in stunting cases in the working area of ​​the Minggir Health Center. The prevalence of stunting in Sendangrejo Village is 13.43%. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors that influence the incidence of stunting in children under five in Sendangrejo, Minggir, Sleman Yogyakarta. This research is a survey research with a case control research design. The population in this study were toddlers who experienced stunting in Sendangrejo Minggir Village totaling 58 toddlers. Samples were taken by total sampling with a total of 58 stunting toddlers and 58 children who were not stunted and the total sample was 116 toddlers. The research was conducted in Sendangrejo Minggir Village, Sleman Yogyakarta. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to respondents. While the stunting data used secondary data from the Minggir Health Center. The data obtained were then analyzed using Chi Square. The result show were 7 variables that influenced the occurrence of stunting in toddlers in Sendangrejo Village, Minggir District, Sleman Regency. The seven variables are maternal height during pregnancy, socioeconomic status, maternal parenting, exclusive breastfeeding, birth length, birth weight, and birth age with p value < 0.05. Meanwhile, there are 4 variables studied that do not affect the incidence of stunting in toddlers in Sendangrejo Village, Minggir District, Sleman Regency. The four factors are the age of the mother when she married for the first time, the age of the mother giving birth to her first child, the history of diarrhea and gender. 

Health, Development, and HIV in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrani Gupta ◽  
Kanksha Barman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
History Of Public Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hiv Programs

The first HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) case in India was detected in 1986 among female sex workers. The rapid spread in HIV infections subsequently due mainly to high-risk behavior among vulnerable population groups required a sensitive, multisectoral, multipronged response that had to influence risk behavior and alleviate the socioeconomic impact of the epidemic. The journey has been a unique one in many ways in the history of public health in India. The challenges emanated from the economic, social, legal, and cultural contexts in which risk-taking behavior took place, and to be effective, the response required a framework that had to be vastly different from the usual public health approaches adopted in the country. The fairly successful national response was made possible due to the presence and subsequent co-option of a vibrant civil society, which shaped discussions and discourses around sex, sexuality, and gender and could reach out to marginalized and stigmatized groups with messages and interventions. During the course of the thirty years of response to the epidemic, shifts in positions of individuals in the three organs of the government—executive, legislative, and judiciary—on key sensitive issues around sexual behavior and preferences could be discerned to some extent, which was unprecedented and helped strengthen the response. New infections have come down significantly over the years and treatment has scaled up massively. However, the momentum in national HIV programs has slowed down globally and in India, with lower finances and a shift to other national priorities. The sociocultural and economic contexts have yet to change for most of the groups vulnerable to HIV, and they will continue to determine risk behavior, requiring interventions to continue at a fairly high level of intensity.

scholarly journals O5B.3 Skin health in croatian hairdressing apprentices at the beginning of vocational education: a new cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A43.3-A44
Author(s):  
Zrinka Franic ◽  
Zeljka Babic ◽  
Jelena Macan
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
International Study ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Hand Eczema ◽  
Occupational Contact Dermatitis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of

IntroductionHairdressing apprentices are at high risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis.Materials and methodsData on skin health are presented for 352 hairdressing apprentices attending vocational schools in 24 Croatian towns at the beginning of their education, in a screening phase of a prospective cohort study. Apprentices were recruited from September to December 2017. The study protocol included: Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire and International Study on Asthma and Allergy in Children Questionnaire for the evaluation of self-reported skin and atopy symptoms, clinical skin examination interpreted by means of Osnabrueck Hand Eczema Severity Index (OHSI), genotyping filaggrin (FLG) gene polymorphisms 2282del4 and R501X from buccal swabs, skin pH and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements.ResultsIn the total sample (n=352, median age 15, 18 males), a history of respiratory and/or skin atopy symptoms was reported by 44.89%, hand/wrist eczema by 11.93%, and a history of dry hands (without eczema) by 34.38% of apprentices. One or more hand/wrist skin changes were found at the clinical examination in 18.18% of apprentices, with the OHSI score ranging from 1 to 6. Washing hands>20 times per day was identified in 12.78% of apprentices. An FLG gene mutation (R501X) was found in only one apprentice. The median (range) for hand TEWL and pH was 13.1 (4.36–62.69) and 5.68 (4.28–7.13), respectively. OHSI score was positively correlated with hand TEWL (Spearman rho 0.16; p=0.0026), and pH (Spearman rho 0.13; p=0.0186).ConclusionThe results indicate a high prevalence of self-reported atopy (45%) and moderate prevalence of self-reported (12%) and clinically observed skin symptoms (18%) on the hands/wrists of hairdressing apprentices already at the beginning of education, without FLG mutations as a risk factors. This emphasizes the need to ameliorate preventive examinations of children before enrolling to schools for professions with high risk of exposure to skin hazards.

scholarly journals Effect of Yoga and Gender on Self-esteem and Aggression

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Rajesh Baburao Shirsath
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Self ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level

The present study to investigate the status of self-esteem and aggression among yoga performer and not performing students. The sample consists of 160 students of male and female students. With age ranging from 15 years to 25 years located at Jalna city. Two-way ANOVA was used for dependent variables of the total sample under study. A 2×2 factorial design will be used to analyzing the data. The Self-esteem Inventory developed by Dr. A.K. Srivastava and Aggression Questionnaires developed and standardized by Dr. G.C. The yoga performer students was found high level of self-esteem than yoga not performing students and the level of aggression was also high found in yoga not performing students than the yoga performer students. Yoga and gender also significant effect on aggression.

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