Accident factor analysis based on different age groups via AdaBoost algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 364-370
Author(s):  
Lihui Chen ◽  
Pin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Adaptive Boosting ◽  
Adaboost Algorithm ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Road Type ◽  
Major Factors

A person’s vision, perception, judgment, and operation of a vehicle decline with age. To analyze the influence of age on traffic accidents, we apply the adaptive boosting algorithm (AdaBoost) to investigate the most significant factors for two age groups (older and young driver groups) based on real-world accident data in California. Accident factors include gender, road type, pavement condition, weather, time of day, vehicle behavior, etc., as well as their corresponding subfactors. We first train some weak learners to find importance and then linearly combine those weak learners into a unified stronger learner. The proposed method has several advantages: (1) ability to handle unbalanced data, (2) no requirement on the assumption of data distribution, and (3) being robust for different datasets. Results show that the major factors regarding road safety for older drivers are weather and time of day, while for young drivers are traffic violations and vehicle behaviors.

Road Traffic Violations and Seat Belt Use in Kuwait: Study of Driver Behavior in Motion

1998 ◽  
Vol 1640 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Koushki ◽  
S. Y. Ali ◽  
O. Al-Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Vehicle Type ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Trip Time ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Seat Belt Use ◽  
Age Range

Despite heavy investments in the transportation infrastructure and the existence of a young vehicle fleet, road safety in the affluent State of Kuwait continues to decline. Poor driver behavior and lack of enforcement of traffic regulations are believed to be the main causes of the unsafe driving environment. The findings of a research project designed to examine the relationship between seat belt use and road traffic violations in Kuwait are reported. The traffic violation behavior of 821 randomly selected drivers was recorded while the drivers were followed to their destinations. Factors of nationality, age range, gender, roadway type, vehicle type, time of day, trip time, and trip distance were also monitored. The average sample nonuser of seat belts made more than twice as many violations both per kilometer of travel and per minute of trip time than did seat belt users. Seat belt nonusers and young drivers (especially Kuwaitis) were found to be overrepresented in the violating groups, and discriminant analysis successfully discriminated between the high and low violators of traffic rules.

scholarly journals Factors Relating To Safety Riding Behaviors In Students Of Senior High School 5 Palu

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-145
Author(s):  
Lusia Salmawati ◽  
Shinta Widya Puspita
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Minor Injuries ◽  
Serious Injuries

Traffic accidents are still a global problem today. Traffic accidents are the main cause of death for all age groups dominated by adolescents. The number of traffic accident cases in Indonesia reached 108,871 incidents with details of which 25,511 people died. Accident data in Central Sulawesi during 2016 reached 1,889 incidents, with 420 dead, 1,076 serious injuries and 2,042 minor injuries. The city of Palu is in order no. 1 with traffic accidents 308 cases with losses of up to 616 million rupiah. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with safety riding behavior. This type of research is quantitative with a Cross Sectional Study approach, sampling using the Proportional Stratified Random Sampling method. The number of samples in this study were 84 respondents. The data were collected using a questionnaire with a Guttman scale. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that there was no relationship between knowledge (p = 0.95), while there was a relationship between attitude (p = 0.008), SIM ownership (p = 0.003), and safety riding behavior. To prevent traffic accidents, it is necessary to provide an understanding of Safety Riding, guide traffic discipline, invite them to complete driving licenses, familiarize children with using PPE, and provide motivation to always prioritize safety in driving.

scholarly journals Analysis of Road Accidents in Baghdad City

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
Hasan H. Joni ◽  
Ali Majeed Al-Dahawi ◽  
Omar Jabbar Al-Tamimi
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Major Factors

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) have turned out to be a huge global public health and development problem causing enormous economic and social costs. Therefore RTA has become a major concern and analyzing accident data has been an important look out to the analysts in order to find the major factors related to the accidents, and to predict the future road accidents in order to mitigate and/or eliminate them in the future.The study revealed that the main contributing factor is the human. The predominant type of crashes was run over with 53% of the total crashes.Approximately, 53% of crashes occurred on major roads, 58% of crashed occurred during day time, drivers with group ages between 24 – 29 years’ experience more crashes, and single vehicle accidents result in more casualty (fatality and injuries) compared to multi-vehicleaccidents. The most important resultobtainedfrom this study, a prediction model which link accidents with the number of registered vehicles and population.

scholarly journals Effects of Traffic Violation and Demographic Characteristics on Traffic Safety in Sulaymaniyah City

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-240
Author(s):  
Burhan Muhamad ◽  
◽  
Hardy Karim ◽  
Hemn Ahmed ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Traffic Police ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Street Networks ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Traffic Violation

One of the major causes to increase traffic accidents is traffic violations from drivers that occur on road networks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of traffic violation and demographic characteristics of the drivers on the traffic safety in Sulaymaniyah urban street networks. A questionnaire survey approach was used to collect data from 244 drivers; 143 male and 101 female drivers. The questionnaire form included ten questions; six of the questions were related to the traffic violations types and four of them were related to the demographic parameters of the drivers. Each of the drivers answer scored on a six-point Likert scale (1 = never, to 6 = almost always). Statistical Minitab 16 software was used to statistically evaluate the data and compare the scores using z-test, then obtain the descriptive statistics. There were significant differences between the violation scores from male and female drivers. It was realized that the male drivers drive their vehicles in more violative manner than female drivers because male drivers had higher scores in all types of the moving vehicle violations and overall violations compared to female drivers. The female drivers had a smaller number of accidents, age, and travelling distance than male drivers. The old age drivers do fewer violations than young drivers. Drivers having high travelling distance per week do more violations than drivers having less driving distance per week. The overall violation score correlates with the age of drivers (rs = 0.247), number of accidents (rs = 0.265). All types of the violation measurements are highly correlated with the overall average value of the violation. However, the overall value of the violation score for all of the drivers was 18.1 out of 100. Efforts should be spent by traffic police to reduce number of traffic accidents and improving efficiency of the traffic flows in Sulaymaniyah City for the street networks. Rather than stopping traffic police on intersections, it is preferred to traffic police observe the drivers’ violation on the streets during driving. Regarding to the driving license, traffic police can concentrate more to male and young drivers.

دية القتل الخطأ في الحوادث المرورية في الفقه الإسلامي: دراسة مقارنة Blood Money for Unintended Manslaughter in Traffic Accidents in Islamic Jurisprudence: A Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
عارف علي عارف القره داغي ◽  
فايزة بنت إسماعيل ◽  
ئاوات محمد آغا بابا
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Inductive Approach ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Blood Money ◽  
Major Factors

الملخّصيتعلق هذا البحث بموضوع دية القتل الخطأ في الحوادث المرورية في الفقه الإسلامي في العصر الحاضر لكثرة وقوعها وحاجة الناس إلى بيان أحكامها من حيث كيفية تقديرها. وتحرير الخلاف في دية المرأة، ومسألة دية الجنين في حال تعرضه للموت في بطن أمه نتيجة الحادث المروري، أو في حالة تعرضه للإجهاض والموت، وتناول أيضًا دية شخصين إذا ماتا نتيجة اصطدام سيارتين؛ فكيف تقدَّر الدِّية؟ وعالج البحث مسألة العاقلة في الوقت الحاضر التي تساعد الطرفين (الجاني والمجني عليه وذلك بجمع الدية وإعطائها للمجني عليه). وذلك من خلال استخدام المنهج الاستقرائي والمنهج المقارن: حيث يتم من خلاله جمع النصوص المتعلقة بالموضوع، وآراء العلماء المتقدمين، والمعاصرين، والمقارنة بينهما لمعرفة نقاط الاتفاق والاختلاف، لتجلية معالم الموضوع، وتسهيل مناقشتها بصورة دقيقة، ثم بيان الرأي الراجح. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أنَّ دية القتل في الحوادث المرورية في العصر الحاضر تساوي بالدينار الذهبي، الذي يساوي 4.250 جرامًا من الذهب، أو بما يساويها من النقد. وأنَّ الراجح هو تساوي دية الرجل مع دية المرأة. وفي حالة عدم وجود العاقلة لابأس من إنشاء شركة تعاونية لمساعدة من وقع منه الحادث.الكلمات المفتاحية: الدِّية، حوادث المرور، دية المرأة، دية الجنين، العاقلة. Abstract         This research addresses the subject of blood money for unintended manslaughter in traffic accidents according to Islamic jurisprudence in the present era due to the frequency of their occurrence and the need for people to understand the legal provisions concerning determining the amount. In this regard, we seek to clarify the disagreements regarding the blood money for women and foetuses that die in the mother’s womb as a result of traffic accidents or abortion. We also address the issue of blood money for two people who die as a result of collision between two cars. We also examine the issue of ʿĀqilah (those who pay the blood money) who helped the two parties (the offender and the victim by collecting blood money and giving it to the victim). To clarify these issues, we use the inductive approach and comparative method wherein we collect the various texts on the subject, and the views of classical and contemporary scholars to engage in a comparison between them in order to identify the points of agreement and disagreement between views. From here, we also hope to identify the major factors pertaining to such issues in order to facilitate a precise and concrete discussion to arrive at the most correct opinion. The study found that blood money for manslaughter in traffic accidents in the present era is equal to a gold dinar, which is equal to 4.250 grams of gold, or its cash equivalent. We advocate that the correct view is that the amount of blood money paid to a man is equal to that of a woman, and that in the absence of an ʿĀqilah it is possible to form a cooperative or mutual fund to render assistance to the victim.Keywords: blood money, traffic accidents, women, foetus, ʿĀqilah.

scholarly journals Polarized nature of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: associations with population age structure and behaviours

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Okumura
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Population Age Structure ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Drinking Places

Abstract Background Although the scale of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic was relatively small in Japan compared with the rest of the world, the polarisation of areas into high- and low-COVID-19-incidence areas was observed among the 47 prefectures. The aims of this study were not only identifying the factors associated with the polarised COVID-19 pandemic in Japan but also discussing effective preventive measures. Methods This was an ecological study using online survey data which was cross-sectionally conducted by the author. A total of 6000 respondents who resided in 10 low- and 10 high-COVID-19 incidence prefectures, with a wide gap in terms of COVID-19 incidence, in Japan were recruited. Data on COVID-19 cases and geodemographic information were obtained from official government sites. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare variables between the two areas and age groups. Results This study revealed that that age influenced people’s behaviours and perceptions, except one behaviour of ‘wearing facemasks’. The major factors significantly associated with the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases per 100,000 people were ‘commuting by private automobile’ (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.444; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.394–0.501), ‘commuting by public transportation’ (AOR, 6.813; 95% CI, 5.567–8.336), ‘washing hands’ (AOR, 1.233; 95% CI, 1.005–1.511), ‘opening windows regularly’ (AOR, 1.248; 95% CI, 1.104–1.412), ‘avoiding crowded places (AOR, 0.757; 95% CI, 0.641–0.893), ‘non-scheduled visits to drinking places’ (AOR, 1.212; 95% CI, 1.054–1.392) and ‘perceived risk of contracting COVID-19’ (AOR, 1.380; 95% CI, 1.180–1.612). These factors were strongly associated with age groups. Conclusions Effective preventive measures for COVID-19 transmission can be developed by understanding the characteristics of populated areas, such as public transportation infrastructure and younger people’s movements and behaviours in relation to the population age structure to contain the current epidemic and protect the most vulnerable elderly people.

scholarly journals Assessing inequality, irregularity, and severity regarding road traffic safety during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Lin ◽  
Feng Shi ◽  
Weizi Li
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCOVID-19 has affected every sector of our society, among which human mobility is taking a dramatic change due to quarantine and social distancing. We investigate the impact of the pandemic and subsequent mobility changes on road traffic safety. Using traffic accident data from the city of Los Angeles and New York City, we find that the impact is not merely a blunt reduction in traffic and accidents; rather, (1) the proportion of accidents unexpectedly increases for “Hispanic” and “Male” groups; (2) the “hot spots” of accidents have shifted in both time and space and are likely moved from higher-income areas (e.g., Hollywood and Lower Manhattan) to lower-income areas (e.g., southern LA and southern Brooklyn); (3) the severity level of accidents decreases with the number of accidents regardless of transportation modes. Understanding those variations of traffic accidents not only sheds a light on the heterogeneous impact of COVID-19 across demographic and geographic factors, but also helps policymakers and planners design more effective safety policies and interventions during critical conditions such as the pandemic.

Effect of Changing a Traffic Control Device Color on Driver Behavior and Perception across Different Age Groups

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110111
Author(s):  
Hatem Abou-Senna ◽  
Mohamed El-Agroudy ◽  
Mustapha Mouloua ◽  
Essam Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Driving Conditions ◽  
And Performance

The use of express lanes (ELs) in freeway traffic management has seen increasing popularity throughout the United States, particularly in Florida. These lanes aim at making the most efficient transportation system management and operations tool to provide a more reliable trip. An important component of ELs is the channelizing devices used to delineate the separation between the ELs and the general-purpose lane. With the upcoming changes to the FHWA Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, this study provided an opportunity to recommend changes affecting safety and efficiency on a nationwide level. It was important to understand the impacts on driver perception and performance in response to the color of the EL delineators. It was also valuable to understand the differences between demographics in responding to delineator colors under different driving conditions. The driving simulator was used to test the responses of several demographic groups to changes in marker color and driving conditions. Furthermore, participants were tested for several factors relevant to driving performance including visual and subjective responses to the changes in colors and driving conditions. Impacts on driver perception were observed via eye-tracking technology with changes to time of day, visibility, traffic density, roadway surface type, and, crucially, color of the delineating devices. The analyses concluded that white was the optimal and most significant color for notice of delineators across the majority of subjective and performance measures, followed by yellow, with black being the least desirable.

INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONS UNDER THE AGE OF EIGHTEEN ON DRIVING A VEHICLE

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Н.М. Кузнецова
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
The State ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
The Relationship

В статье отражены статистические сведения, характеризующие состояние дорожно-транспортной аварийности, в том числе из-за нарушения правил дорожного движения водителями в возрасте 16-19 лет, рассмотрены взаимосвязь и влияние психофизиологических особенностей на управление транспортным средством у лиц, не достигших 18-летнеговозраста. The article reflects statistical information characterizing the state of road traffic accidents including those due to traffic violations by drivers aged 16-19 years, traced the relationship and influence of psychophysiological characteristics on driving a vehicle in persons under 18 years of age.

scholarly journals Assessment of intraocular pressure in chinchillas of different age groups using rebound tonometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1466-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flor Diana Yokoay Claros Chacaltana ◽  
João Antonio Tadeu Pigatto ◽  
Ione Terezinha Denardin
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Rebound Tonometer ◽  
Indirect Ophthalmoscopy ◽  
Group I ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) of normal chinchilla eyes using the rebound tonometer. A further aim was to assess whether there were differences in the values of intraocular pressure in relation to animals age, gender and time of day. Thirty-six chinchillas were divided into three groups of 12 chinchillas each, by age: Group I (2-6-month-old), Group II (20 and 34 months) and Group III (37 and 135 months). Ophthalmic examination was performed previously by Schirmer tear test, slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein test in all chinchillas. Three measurements of intraocular pressure were assessed on the same day (7, 12 and 19h). Tonometry was performed on both eyes using the rebound tonometer after calibration in "p" mode. Statistical analysis was performed with SigmaPlot for Windows. The mean IOP for groups I, II and III were 2.47±0.581mmHg, 2.47±0.581mmHg and 2.51±0.531mmHg, respectively. No significant differences were reported between age and IOP and no significant differences were reported between the time of day and IOP. The IOP in chinchillas did not differ significantly between genders or ages of the animals, and did not change with time of day.

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