Spatio-temporal variability in movement, age, and growth of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) in a river network based upon PIT tagging and otolith chemistry

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Benjamin ◽  
Lisa A. Wetzel ◽  
Kyle D. Martens ◽  
Kimberly Larsen ◽  
Patrick J. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Large River ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
River Networks ◽  
First Year ◽  
Prosopium Williamsoni ◽  
Timing Of Migration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
First Year Of Life

Connectivity of river networks and the movements among habitats can be critical for the life history of many fish species, and understanding of the patterns of movement is central to managing populations, communities, and the landscapes they use. We combined passive integrated transponder tagging over 4 years and strontium isotopes in otoliths to demonstrate that 25% of the mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) sampled moved between the Methow and Columbia rivers, Washington, USA. Seasonal migrations downstream from the Methow River to the Columbia River to overwinter occurred in autumn and upstream movements in the spring. We observed migration was common during the first year of life, with migrants being larger than nonmigrants. However, growth between migrants and nonmigrants was similar. Water temperature was positively related to the proportion of migrants and negatively related to the timing of migration, but neither was related to discharge. The broad spatio-temporal movements we observed suggest mountain whitefish, and likely other nonanadromous fish, require distant habitats and also suggests that management and conservation strategies to keep connectivity of large river networks are imperative.

scholarly journals The natural history of Canavan disease: 23 new cases and comparison with patients from literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Bley ◽  
Jonas Denecke ◽  
Alfried Kohlschütter ◽  
Gerhard Schön ◽  
Sandra Hischke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severity Score ◽  
Canavan Disease ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
First Year ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Background Canavan disease (CD, MIM # 271900) is a rare and devastating leukodystrophy of early childhood. To identify clinical features that could serve as endpoints for treatment trials, the clinical course of CD was studied retrospectively and prospectively in 23 CD patients. Results were compared with data of CD patients reported in three prior large series. Kaplan Meier survival analysis including log rank test was performed for pooled data of 82 CD patients (study cohort and literature patients). Results Onset of symptoms was between 0 and 6 months. Psychomotor development of patients was limited to abilities that are usually gained within the first year of life. Macrocephaly became apparent between 4 and 18 months of age. Seizure frequency was highest towards the end of the first decade. Ethnic background was more diverse than in studies previously reported. A CD severity score with assessment of 11 symptoms and abilities was developed. Conclusions Early hallmarks of CD are severe psychomotor disability and macrocephaly that develop within the first 18 months of life. While rare in the first year of life, seizures increase in frequency over time in most patients. CD occurs more frequently outside Ashkenazi Jewish communities than previously reported. Concordance of phenotypes between siblings but not patients with identical ASPA mutations suggest the influence of yet unknown modifiers. A CD severity score may allow for assessment of CD disease severity both retrospectively and prospectively.

Epidemiology of Physician-Diagnosed Allergic Rhinitis in Childhood

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-901
Author(s):  
Anne L. Wright ◽  
Catharine J. Holberg ◽  
Marilyn Halonen ◽  
Fernando D. Martinez ◽  
Wayne Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Maternal Cigarette Smoking ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Year Of Life

Objective. To investigate the natural history of and risk factors for allergic rhinitis in the first 6 years of life. Methods. Parents of 747 healthy children followed from birth completed a questionnaire when the child was 6 years old. Data were obtained regarding physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis (PDAR), associated symptoms, and age at onset. Risk-factor data were taken from earlier questionnaires, and data regarding immunoglobulin E (IgE) and skin-test reactivity were obtained at age 6. Results. By the age of 6, 42% of children had PDAR. Children whose rhinitis began in the first year of life had more respiratory symptoms at age 6 and were more likely to have a diagnosis of asthma. Early introduction of foods or formula, heavy maternal cigarette smoking in the first year of life, and higher IgE, as well as parental allergic disorders, were associated with early development of rhinitis. Risk factors for PDAR that remained significant in a multivanate model included maternal history of physician-diagnosed allergy (odds ratio: 2.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.35-3.54), asthma in the child (4.06, 2.06-7.99), and IgE greater than 100 IU/mL at age 6 (1.93, 1.18-3.17). The odds for atopic as opposed to nonatopic PDAR were significantly higher only among those with high IgE and those who had dogs. Conclusion. Allergic rhinitis developing in the first years of life is an early manifestation of an atopic predisposition, which may be triggered by early environmental exposures.

scholarly journals Auditory temporal abilities in children with history of recurrent otitis media in the first years of life and persistent in preschool and school ages

CoDAS ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Cruvinel Villa ◽  
Sthella Zanchetta
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Frequency Pattern ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Recurrent Otitis Media

PURPOSE: To study the temporal auditory ordering and resolution abilities in children with and without a history of early OME and ROME, as well as to study the responses according to age. METHODS: A total of 59 children were evaluated, and all of them presented pure tone thresholds within the normal range at the time of the conduction of the hearing tests. The children were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of episodes of recurrent otitis media. Then, each group was divided into two subgroups according to age: 7- and 8-year olds, and 9- and 10-year olds. All children were assessed with standard tests of temporal frequency (ordination) and gaps-in-noise (resolution). RESULTS: For the temporal abilities studied, children with a history of otitis media presented significantly lower results compared to the control group. In the frequency pattern test, the correct answers increased with age in both groups. In the identification of silence intervals, the control group showed no change in threshold regarding to age, but this change was present in the group with a history of otitis media. CONCLUSION: Episodes of otitis media with effusion in the first year of life, recurrent and persistent in preschool and school ages, negatively influence the temporal ordering and resolution abilities.

scholarly journals Cryotherapy for Lichen Striatus in an Adult – a Case Report

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Slobodan Stojanović ◽  
Marina Jovanović ◽  
Nada Vučković
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
First Year ◽  
Linear Distribution ◽  
Lichen Striatus ◽  
Full Resolution ◽  
Lines Of Blaschko ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Lichen striatus (linear lichenoid dermatosis) is an uncommon, self-limited, inflammatory, linear skin condition of unknown origin. The causes of linear distribution are unknown, though the pattern of lichen striatus (LS) mostly follows the lines of Blaschko (BL). The condition most commonly occurs in children between 5 and 15 years of age, usually after the first year of life. We report a 27-year-old, otherwise healthy flight attendant with LS whose diagnosis was based on: the history of sudden appearance and rapid linear spread of lesions; clinical presentation of small pink, coalescing scaly papules without umbilication or Wickham’s striae, linear distribution following one BL down a lower limb to the ankle, with a band broadening into plaque on the left buttock; histology showed some hyperkeratosis, lichenoid dermatitis similar to lichen planus, but with the presence of inflammatory infiltrate in the papillary dermis and also deeper in the perifollicular region. The inflammatory infiltrate consisted mainly of limphocytes, with some melanophages and histiocytes. There is no standard treatment for LS, and it is given for cosmetic or psychological reasons only, as we have done in our patient due to slight pruritus and occupational reasons. With regard to her occupational demands, in order to achieve satisfying results, she was successfully treated with cryotherapy, which she tolerated well, without any side effects. Cryotherapy was performed twice, with a two-week interval. Full resolution was achieved twelve weeks after cryotherapy. In conclusion, we present an adult female who developed lichen striatus suddenly three months after delivery and was successfully treated with cryotherapy.

Recurrent Dystonic Crisis and Rhabdomyolysis Treated with Dantrolene in Two Patients with Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (03) ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
J. Micallef ◽  
S. Stockler-Ipsiroglu ◽  
C.D. van Karnebeek ◽  
R. Salvarinova-Zivkovic ◽  
G. Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Inborn Error ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Global Developmental Delay ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
First Year ◽  
Amino Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Decarboxylase Deficiency

AbstractAromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare, autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism in which several neurotransmitters including serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine are deficient. Symptoms typically appear in the first year of life and include oculogyric crises and dystonia, hypotonia, and global developmental delay. Dystonia is of particular concern as a dystonic storm can ensue leading to rhabdomyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis can become life-threating and therefore its recognition and prompt management is of significant importance. Here we present two cases of patients with AADC deficiency and a history of dystonic crisis causing rhabdomyolysis. We hypothesize that in addition to the hypodopaminergic, a hypercholinergic state is contributing to the pathophysiology of dystonia in AADC deficiency, as well as to the associated rhabdomyolysis. We were able to prevent rhabdomyolysis in both patients with using Dantrolene and we suggest using a trial of this medication in cases of sustained dystonic crisis in AADC deficiency patients.

Age and growth of the four-spotted megrim (Lepidorhombus boscii) in eastern Mediterranean waters

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vassilopoulou ◽  
I. Ondrias
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
First Year ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
North Aegean Sea ◽  
First Year Of Life

This paper analyses the age and growth pattern of the four-spotted megrim (Lepidorhombus boscii), collected in the north Aegean Sea. The otoliths of the species exhibit bilateral asymmetry. Our data indicates that males have shorter lifespans (0–6 y) than females (0–8 y) and reach lower asymptotic lengths. A significant difference in growth rate exists between the two sexes after the first year of life. Growth in length is greater in females than males, whereas males appeared to be heavier than females of the same size. The latter was also corroborated by the higher accumulation of lipids in the muscle of males in relation to females. The growth rate of the species in the Atlantic was higher than in the Mediterranean. The oligotrophic character of the study area seemed to have a negative effect on the growth of megrims.

scholarly journals Epidemiological aspects of and risk factors for wheezing in the first year of life

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamilton Rosendo Fogaça ◽  
Fernando Augusto de Lima Marson ◽  
Adyléia Aparecida Dalbo Contrera Toro ◽  
Dirceu Solé ◽  
José Dirceu Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
International Study ◽  
First Episode ◽  
First Year ◽  
Recurrent Wheezing ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
First Year Of Life

OBJECTIVE: To determine, in a sample of infants, the prevalence of and risk factors for occasional wheezing (OW) and recurrent wheezing-wheezy baby syndrome (WBS). METHODS: Parents of infants (12-15 months of age) completed the International Study of Wheezing in Infants questionnaire. RESULTS: We included 1,269 infants residing in the city of Blumenau, Brazil. Of those, 715 (56.34%) had a history of wheezing, which was more common among boys. The prevalences of OW and WBS were 27.03% (n = 343) and 29.31% (n = 372), respectively. On average, the first wheezing episode occurred at 5.55 ± 2.87 months of age. Among the 715 infants with a history of wheezing, the first episode occurred within the first six months of life in 479 (66.99%), and 372 (52.03%) had had three or more episodes. Factors associated with wheezing in general were pneumonia; oral corticosteroid use; a cold; attending daycare; having a parent with asthma or allergies; mother working outside the home; male gender; no breastfeeding; and mold. Factors associated with WBS were a cold; physician-diagnosed asthma; ER visits; corticosteroid use; pneumonia; bronchitis; dyspnea; attending daycare; bronchodilator use; having a parent with asthma; no breastfeeding; mother working outside the home; and a dog in the household. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of wheezing in the studied population was high (56.34%). The etiology was multifactorial, and the risk factors were intrinsic and extrinsic (respiratory tract infections, allergies, attending daycare, and early wheezing). The high prevalence and the intrinsic risk factors indicate the need and the opportunity for epidemiological and genetic studies in this population. In addition, mothers should be encouraged to prolong breastfeeding and to keep infants under six months of age out of daycare.

scholarly journals History of Early Childhood Infections and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Risk Among Children in a US Integrated Health-Care System

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (10) ◽  
pp. 1076-1085
Author(s):  
Libby M Morimoto ◽  
Marilyn L Kwan ◽  
Kamala Deosaransingh ◽  
Julie R Munneke ◽  
Alice Y Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Integrated Health Care ◽  
First Year ◽  
Integrated Health ◽  
Integrated Health Care System ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Surrogate measures of infectious exposures have been consistently associated with lower childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) risk. However, recent reports have suggested that physician-diagnosed early-life infections increase ALL risk, thereby raising the possibility that stronger responses to infections might promote risk. We examined whether medically diagnosed infections were related to childhood ALL risk in an integrated health-care system in the United States. Cases of ALL (n = 435) diagnosed between 1994–2014 among children aged 0–14 years, along with matched controls (n = 2,170), were identified at Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate risk of ALL associated with history of infections during first year of life and across the lifetime (up to diagnosis). History of infection during first year of life was not associated with ALL risk (odds ratio (OR) = 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60, 1.21). However, infections with at least 1 medication prescribed (i.e., more “severe” infections) were inversely associated with risk (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.88). Similar associations were observed when the exposure window was expanded to include medication-prescribed infections throughout the subjects’ lifetime (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.85).

Aspects of infant speech development in the first year of life

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Delack
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Dominance ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Vocal Behaviour ◽  
Infant Vocalizations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Infant Speech ◽  
First Year Of Life

Introduction. Despite a rather extensive literature on the subject, most research on the nature of infant speech can be characterized as impressionistically descriptive, or anecdotal, or speculative, or some combination thereof. Such studies have by and large ignored the structure, function and natural history of early vocal behaviour, an empirically adequate specification of which is a necessary prerequisite to an understanding of the development of infant vocalizations and of their relationship to later linguistic usage. Likewise, reports have generally failed to recognize the dynamic interactions within the developing organism as a whole, eschewing discussion of concomitant neurophysiological maturation and cognitive growth. While detailed consideration falls beyond the scope of the present paper, some insight into the issues involved may be gained from recent treatises dealing with brain development (Jacobson, 1975), myelogenesis (Lecours, 1975) and the ontogeny of cerebral dominance (Zangwill, 1975). Problems relating to speech input and output requirements in acquisition have been treated by Mattingly (1973), and the interplay of physiological-cognitive factors with respect to early speech perception and production has been critically overviewed by Gilbert (1975). Suffice it to say that until experimental evidence can be adduced, interpreted and properly interwoven into a coherent description, definitive theories on the acquisition and development of speech and language must perforce remain only as desiderata.

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