scholarly journals ADROPIN: A HEPATOKINE MODULATOR OF VASCULAR FUNCTION AND CARDIAC FUEL METABOLISM

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bellina AS Mushala ◽  
Iain Scott
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Metabolic Homeostasis ◽  
Fuel Metabolism ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathologies

Adropin is a nutritionally regulated peptide hormone, secreted primarily by the liver, which modulates metabolic homeostasis in a number of tissues. Growing evidence suggests that adropin is an important regulatory component in a number of cardiovascular pathologies, and may be central to the control of cardiac fuel metabolism and vascular function. In this mini-review, we examine the known facets of adropin biology, discuss open questions in the field, and speculate on the therapeutic potential of targeting adropin-related signaling pathways in cardiovascular diseases.

Classic and Novel Signaling Pathways Involved in Cancer: Targeting the NF-κB and Syk Signaling Pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Tang ◽  
Guodong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Transmembrane Receptors ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Different Types

The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) consists of a family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of a wide variety of biological responses. Growing evidence support that NF-κB plays a major role in oncogenesis as well as its well-known function in the regulation of immune responses and inflammation. Therefore, we made a review of the diverse molecular mechanisms by which the NF-κB pathway is constitutively activated in different types of human cancers and the potential role of various oncogenic genes regulated by this transcription factor in cancer development and progression. We also discussed various pharmacological approaches employed to target the deregulated NF-κB signaling pathway and their possible therapeutic potential in cancer therapy. Moreover, Syk (Spleen tyrosine kinase), non-receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates signal transduction downstream of a variety of transmembrane receptors including classical immune-receptors like the B-cell receptor (BCR), which can also activate the inflammasome and NF-κB-mediated transcription of chemokines and cytokines in the presence of pathogens would be discussed as well. The highlight of this review article is to summarize the classic and novel signaling pathways involved in NF-κB and Syk signaling and then raise some possibilities for cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Coptisine Attenuates Diabetes—Associated Endothelial Dysfunction through Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4210
Author(s):  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Chunxiu Zhou ◽  
Xutao Zhang ◽  
Chi Teng Vong ◽  
Yitao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Coptisine is the major bioactive protoberberine alkaloid found in Rhizoma Coptidis. Coptisine reduces inflammatory responses and improves glucose tolerance; nevertheless, whether coptisine has vasoprotective effect in diabetes is not fully characterized. Conduit arteries including aortas and carotid arteries were obtained from male C57BL/6J mice for ex vivo treatment with risk factors (high glucose or tunicamycin) and coptisine. Some arterial rings were obtained from diabetic mice, which were induced by high-fat diet (45% kcal% fat) feeding for 6 weeks combined with a low-dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (120 mg/kg). Functional studies showed that coptisine protected endothelium-dependent relaxation in aortas against risk factors and from diabetic mice. Coptisine increased phosphorylations of AMPK and eNOS and downregulated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers as determined by Western blotting. Coptisine elevates NO bioavailability and decreases reactive oxygen species level. The results indicate that coptisine improves vascular function in diabetes through suppression of ER stress and oxidative stress, implying the therapeutic potential of coptisine to treat diabetic vasculopathy.

scholarly journals Natural Antioxidants in Anemia Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1883
Author(s):  
Coralia Cotoraci ◽  
Alina Ciceu ◽  
Alciona Sasu ◽  
Anca Hermenean
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Stomach Pain

Anemia, characterized by a decrease of the hemoglobin level in the blood and a reduction in carrying capacity of oxygen, is a major public health problem which affects people of all ages. The methods used to treat anemia are blood transfusion and oral administration of iron-based supplements, but these treatments are associated with a number of side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, and stomach pain, which limit its long-term use. In addition, oral iron supplements are poorly absorbed in the intestinal tract, due to overexpression of hepcidin, a peptide hormone that plays a central role in iron homeostasis. In this review, we conducted an analysis of the literature on biologically active compounds and plant extracts used in the treatment of various types of anemia. The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date information on the use of these compounds and plant extracts, in order to explore their therapeutic potential. The advantage of using them is that they are available from natural resources and can be used as main, alternative, or adjuvant therapies in many diseases, such as various types of anemia.

scholarly journals Role of FXR in Bile Acid and Metabolic Homeostasis in NASH: Pathogenetic Concepts and Therapeutic Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Radun ◽  
Michael Trauner
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Metabolic Homeostasis ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Metabolic Dysregulation ◽  
Attractive Therapeutic Target

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent cause of liver disease, increasingly contributing to the burden of liver transplantation. In search for effective treatments, novel strategies addressing metabolic dysregulation, inflammation, and fibrosis are continuously emerging. Disturbed bile acid (BA) homeostasis and microcholestasis via hepatocellular retention of potentially toxic BAs may be an underappreciated factor in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) as its progressive variant. In addition to their detergent properties, BAs act as signaling molecules regulating cellular homeostasis through interaction with BA receptors such as the Farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Apart from being a key regulator of BA metabolism and enterohepatic circulation, FXR regulates metabolic homeostasis and has immune-modulatory effects, making it an attractive therapeutic target in NAFLD/NASH. In this review, the molecular basis and therapeutic potential of targeting FXR with a specific focus on restoring BA and metabolic homeostasis in NASH is summarized.

scholarly journals Glutathione Participation in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1220
Author(s):  
Deyamira Matuz-Mares ◽  
Héctor Riveros-Rosas ◽  
María Magdalena Vilchis-Landeros ◽  
Héctor Vázquez-Meza
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathologies

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (such as occlusion of the coronary arteries, hypertensive heart diseases and strokes) are diseases that generate thousands of patients with a high mortality rate worldwide. Many of these cardiovascular pathologies, during their development, generate a state of oxidative stress that leads to a deterioration in the patient’s conditions associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Within these reactive species we find superoxide anion (O2•–), hydroxyl radical (•OH), nitric oxide (NO•), as well as other species of non-free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorous acid (HClO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO–). A molecule that actively participates in counteracting the oxidizing effect of reactive species is reduced glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide that is present in all tissues and that its synthesis and/or regeneration is very important to be able to respond to the increase in oxidizing agents. In this review, we will address the role of glutathione, its synthesis in both the heart and the liver, and its importance in preventing or reducing deleterious ROS effects in cardiovascular diseases.

Resveratrol and cardiac fibrosis prevention and treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parinaz Zivarpour ◽  
Željko Reiner ◽  
Jamal Hallajzadeh ◽  
Liaosadat Mirsafaei
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Laboratory Models

: Cardiovascular diseases are some of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in developed or developing countries but in developed countries as well. Cardiac fibrosis is one of the most often pathological changes of heart tissues. It occurs as a result of extracellular matrix proteins accumulation at myocardia. Cardiac fibrosis results in impaired cardiac systolic and diastolic functions and is associated with other effects. Therapies with medicines have not been sufficiently successful in treating chronic diseases such as CVD. Therefore, the interest for therapeutic potential of natural compounds and medicinal plants has increased. Plants such as grapes, berries and peanuts contain a polyphenolic compound called "resveratrol" which has been reported to have various therapeutic properties for a variety of diseases. Studies on laboratory models that show that resveratrol has beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction, high blood pressure cardiomyopathy, thrombosis, cardiac fibrosis, and atherosclerosis. In vitro animal models using resveratrol indicated protective effects on the heart by neutralizing reactive oxygen species, preventing inflammation, increasing neoangiogenesis, dilating blood vessels, suppressing apoptosis and delaying atherosclerosis. In this review, we are presenting experimental and clinical results of studies concerning resveratrol effects on cardiac fibrosis as a CVD outcome in humans.

Therapeutic potential of ribbon type oligodeoxynucleotide decoy NF-κB in cardiovascular diseases

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Mariana K. Osako ◽  
Naruya Tomita ◽  
Hironori Nakagami ◽  
Ryuichi Morishita
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential
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