scholarly journals Heat therapy: Mechanistic underpinnings and applications to cardiovascular health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vienna E. Brunt ◽  
Christopher T. Minson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Novel Therapies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Heat Therapy ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Hot Baths ◽  
Improve Health

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, and novel therapies are drastically needed to prevent or delay the onset of CVD in order to reduce the societal and healthcare burdens associated with these chronic diseases. One such therapy is 'heat therapy', or chronic, repeated use of hot baths or saunas. Although using heat exposure to improve health is not a new concept, it has received renewed attention in recent years as a growing number of studies have demonstrated robust and widespread beneficial effects of heat therapy on cardiovascular health. Here, we review the existing literature, with particular focus on the molecular mechanisms that underscore the cardiovascular benefits of this practice.

scholarly journals A Novel Promising Frontier for Human Health: The Beneficial Effects of Nutraceuticals in Cardiovascular Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8706
Author(s):  
Albino Carrizzo ◽  
Carmine Izzo ◽  
Maurizio Forte ◽  
Eduardo Sommella ◽  
Paola Di Pietro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Individual

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and diabetes are a significant public health problem worldwide. Although several novel pharmacological treatments to reduce the progression of CVDs have been discovered during the last 20 years, the better way to contain the onset of CVDs remains prevention. In this regard, nutraceuticals seem to own a great potential in maintaining human health, exerting important protective cardiovascular effects. In the last years, there has been increased focus on identifying natural compounds with cardiovascular health-promoting effects and also to characterize the molecular mechanisms involved. Although many review articles have focused on the individual natural compound impact on cardiovascular diseases, the aim of this manuscript was to examine the role of the most studied nutraceuticals, such as resveratrol, cocoa, quercetin, curcumin, brassica, berberine and Spirulina platensis, on different CVDs.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms of Astaxanthin in Cardiovascular Diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Parga Martins Pereira ◽  
Ana Carolina Remondi Souza ◽  
Andrea Rodrigues Vasconcelos ◽  
Pietra Sacramento Prado ◽  
José João Name
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death. Oxidative stress and inflammation are pathophysiological processes involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases, so anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents that modulate redox balance have become the targets of research to evaluate their molecular mechanisms and therapeutic properties. Astaxanthin, a carotenoid of the xanthophyll group, has potent antioxidant effects due to its molecular structure and its arrangement in the plasma membrane, factors that favor the neutralization of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. This carotenoid also stands out for its anti-inflammatory activity, possibly interrelated with its antioxidant effect, as well as for its modulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Considering the potential positive effects of astaxanthin on cardiovascular health evidenced by preclinical and clinical studies, this paper describes the molecular and cellular mechanisms related to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of this carotenoid in cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Effects and Mechanisms of Tea Regulating Blood Pressure: Evidences and Promises

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daxiang Li ◽  
Ruru Wang ◽  
Jinbao Huang ◽  
Qingshuang Cai ◽  
Chung S. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Cardiovascular diseases have overtaken cancers as the number one cause of death. Hypertension is the most dangerous factor linked to deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases. Many researchers have reported that tea has anti-hypertensive effects in animals and humans. The aim of this review is to update the information on the anti-hypertensive effects of tea in human interventions and animal studies, and to summarize the underlying mechanisms, based on ex-vivo tissue and cell culture data. During recent years, an increasing number of human population studies have confirmed the beneficial effects of tea on hypertension. However, the optimal dose has not yet been established owing to differences in the extent of hypertension, and complicated social and genetic backgrounds of populations. Therefore, further large-scale investigations with longer terms of observation and tighter controls are needed to define optimal doses in subjects with varying degrees of hypertensive risk factors, and to determine differences in beneficial effects amongst diverse populations. Moreover, data from laboratory studies have shown that tea and its secondary metabolites have important roles in relaxing smooth muscle contraction, enhancing endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, reducing vascular inflammation, inhibiting rennin activity, and anti-vascular oxidative stress. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of these activities remain to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Irisin: A New Code Uncover the Relationship of Skeletal Muscle and Cardiovascular Health During Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlian Ma ◽  
Haichao Ding ◽  
Yuting Deng ◽  
Hua Liu ◽  
Xiaoling Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Relationship

Exercise not only produces beneficial effects on muscle itself via various molecular pathways, but also mediates the interaction between muscles and other organs in an autocrine/paracrine manner through myokines, which plays a positive role in maintaining overall health. Irisin, an exercise-derived myokine, has been found involved in the regulation of some cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between irisin and cardiovascular health is not fully elucidated and there are some divergences on the regulation of irisin by exercise. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the origin and physiology of irisin, describe the regulation of irisin by acute and chronic exercises, and discuss the divergences of the related research results. Importantly, we discuss the role of irisin as a biomarker in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases and describe its treatment and molecular mechanism in some cardiovascular diseases. It is expected that irisin will be used as a therapeutic agent to combat cardiovascular diseases or other disorders caused by inactivity in the near future.

SGLT2 inhibition for cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease and NAFLD

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moein Ala
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Abstract Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are the latest class of anti-diabetic medications. They prevent glucose reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule to decrease blood sugar. Several animal studies revealed that SGLT-2 is profoundly involved in the inflammatory response, fibrogenesis and regulation of numerous intracellular signaling pathways. Likewise, SGLT-2 inhibitors markedly attenuated inflammation and fibrogenesis and improved the function of damaged organ in animal studies, observational studies and clinical trials. SGLT-2 inhibitors can decrease blood pressure and ameliorate hypertriglyceridemia and obesity. Likewise, they improve the outcome of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, arrhythmias and ischemic heart disease. SGLT-2 inhibitors are associated with lower cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, as well. Meanwhile, they protect against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute kidney injury (AKI), and improve micro- and macroalbuminuria. SGLT-2 inhibitors can reprogram numerous signaling pathways to improve NAFLD, cardiovascular diseases and renal diseases. For instance, they enhance lipolysis, ketogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy while they attenuate renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), lipogenesis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, apoptosis and fibrogenesis. This review explains the beneficial effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on NAFLD, cardiovascular and renal diseases and dissects the underlying molecular mechanisms in detail. This narrative review explains the beneficial effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on NAFLD, cardiovascular and renal diseases using the results of latest observational studies, clinical trials and meta-analyses. Thereafter, it dissects the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the clinical effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on these diseases.

scholarly journals Effects of heat and cold on health, with special reference to Finnish sauna bathing

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (5) ◽  
pp. R629-R638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkka Heinonen ◽  
Jari A. Laukkanen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Heat And Cold Stress ◽  
Sauna Bathing

Environmental stress such as extremely warm or cold temperature is often considered a challenge to human health and body homeostasis. However, the human body can adapt relatively well to heat and cold environments, and recent studies have also elucidated that particularly heat stress might be even highly beneficial for human health. Consequently, the aim of the present brief review is first to discuss general cardiovascular and other responses to acute heat stress, followed by a review of beneficial effects of Finnish sauna bathing on general and cardiovascular health and mortality as well as dementia and Alzheimer's disease risk. Plausible mechanisms included are improved endothelial and microvascular function, reduced blood pressure and arterial stiffness, and possibly increased angiogenesis in humans, which are likely to mediate the health benefits of sauna bathing. In addition to heat exposure with physiological adaptations, cold stress-induced physiological responses and brown fat activation on health are also discussed. This is important to take into consideration, as sauna bathing is frequently associated with cooling periods in cold(er) environments, but their combination remains poorly investigated. We finally propose, therefore, that possible additive effects of heat- and cold-stress-induced adaptations and effects on health would be worthy of further investigation.

scholarly journals Recent Molecular Mechanisms and Beneficial Effects of Phytochemicals and Plant-Based Whole Foods in Reducing LDL-C and Preventing Cardiovascular Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Salman Ul Islam ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Ahmed ◽  
Haseeb Ahsan ◽  
Young-Sup Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Whole Foods

Abnormal lipid metabolism leads to the development of hyperlipidemia, a common cause of multiple chronic disorders, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), obesity, diabetes, and cerebrovascular disease. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) currently remains the primary target for treatment of hyperlipidemia. Despite the advancement of treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia, medications used to manage hyperlipidemia are limited to allopathic drugs, which present certain limitations and adverse effects. Increasing evidence indicates that utilization of phytochemicals and plant-based whole foods is an alternative and promising strategy to prevent hyperlipidemia and CVD. The current review focuses on phytochemicals and their pharmacological mode of actions for the regulation of LDL-C and prevention of CVD. The important molecular mechanisms illustrated in detail in this review include elevation of reverse cholesterol transport, inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption, acceleration of cholesterol excretion in the liver, and reduction of cholesterol synthesis. Moreover, the beneficial effects of plant-based whole foods, such as fresh fruits, vegetables, dried nuts, flax seeds, whole grains, peas, beans, vegan diets, and dietary fibers in LDL-C reduction and cardiovascular health are summarized. This review concludes that phytochemicals and plant-based whole foods can reduce LDL-C levels and lower the risk for CVD.

Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Dietary Therapeutical Approaches with a Special Focus on Nutraceuticals (Polyphenols): A Mini-Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 0113-0123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Ríos-Hoyo ◽  
María J. Cortés ◽  
Huguette Ríos-Ontiveros ◽  
Eduardo Meaney ◽  
Guillermo Ceballos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Total Fat

More than half of all global deaths in 2010 were related to non-communicable diseases, including obesity, cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular illnesses. It has been suggested that the alarming increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease is the epidemiologic result of a nutrition transition characterized by dietary patterns featuring an increase in the intake of total fat, cholesterol, sugars, and other refined carbohydrates, concomitant with low consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids and fiber. Although traditional dietary approaches have proven successful as part of the treatment for obesity and cardiometabolic derangements within clinical trial scenarios, they lack effectiveness in the long term, mainly due to poor compliance. Research has thus turned its attention to nutraceutics, nutrients that have the ability to modulate physiological and pathophysiological molecular mechanisms, thus resulting in favorable health outcomes. Polyphenols have been considered as among the bioactive molecules as they are thought to yield beneficial effects by exerting antioxidant activity; however, there are other - and even more robust - metabolic pathways through which polyphenols enhance cardiovascular health, such as via promoting vasodilatory, anti-atherogenic, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. No standard dose has yet been determined, as the effects greatly vary among polyphenols and food sources; thus, there is an imperative need to generate more evidence in order to support dietary recommendations aimed at the prevention and therapeutics of obesity and its associated cardiometabolic diseases.

scholarly journals The Effect of Resveratrol on the Cardiovascular System from Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10152
Author(s):  
Roland Gal ◽  
Laszlo Deres ◽  
Kalman Toth ◽  
Robert Halmosi ◽  
Tamas Habon
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide. The cardioprotective effects of natural polyphenols such as resveratrol (3,5,4-trihydroxystilbene) have been extensively investigated throughout recent decades. Many studies of RES have focused on its favorable effects on pathological conditions related to cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors. The aim of this review was to summarize the wide beneficial effects of resveratrol on the cardiovascular system, including signal transduction pathways of cell longevity, energy metabolism of cardiomyocytes or cardiac remodeling, and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In addition, this paper discusses the significant preclinical and human clinical trials of recent years with resveratrol on cardiovascular system. Finally, we present a short overview of antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties and possible future perspectives on RES against COVID-19 in cardiovascular diseases.

Ferulic Acid and Cardiovascular Health: Therapeutic and Preventive Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evandro Manoel Neto-Neves ◽  
Carlos da Silva Maia Bezerra Filho ◽  
Naiara Naiana Dejani ◽  
Damião Pergentino de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Beneficial Effects

: Bioactive compounds found in food and medicinal plants contribute to maintaining health and treating illnesses. For example, hydroxycinnamic acids, such as ferulic acid, are widely present in nature and have several pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and beneficial effects in parameters of diabetes and hyperlipidemia. In fact, the results of studies in animal models and in vitro experiments of ferulic acid suggest its high therapeutic and preventive potential against several pathological disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, in this review, the bioactivities of ferulic acid on the cardiovascular system are described, including the discussion of the mechanisms of action in the various components of the system. In this review, we discuss the pharmacological properties of this versatile natural product in aspects of cardiovascular health, including cardioprotective and antihypertensive actions, and on the metabolism of lipids, diabetes, and thrombosis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document