scholarly journals Protective Effect of VaginalLactobacillus paracaseiCRL 1289 against Urogenital Infection Produced byStaphylococcus aureusin a Mouse Animal Model

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Zárate ◽  
Viviana Santos ◽  
María Elena Nader-Macias
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Vaginal Mucosa ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Urogenital Infection ◽  
Estral Cycle ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
Vaginal Colonization

Urogenital infections of bacterial origin have a high incidence among the world female population at reproductive age. Lactobacilli, the predominant microorganisms of the healthy vaginal microbiota, have shown a protective effect against the colonization and overgrowth of urogenital pathogens that increased the interest for including them into probiotics products assigned to restore the urogenital balance. In the present work, we determined in a mouse animal model the capability ofLactobacillus paracaseiCRL 1289, a human vaginal strain with probiotic properties, to prevent the vaginal colonization of a uropathogenic strain ofStaphylococcus aureus. Six-week-old female BALB/c mice, synchronized in their estral cycle, were intravaginally inoculated with two doses of109lactobacilli before challenging them with a single dose of105or107CFU ofS. aureus. The vaginal colonization of both microorganisms and the effect on the vaginal structure were determined at 2, 5, and 7 days after pathogen inoculation. Control mice and those challenged only with the pathogen showed an insignificant lactobacilli population, whereas105lactobacilli/mL of vaginal homogenate were recovered at 2 days after challenge from theL. paracaseiCRL 1289 and the probiotic + pathogen groups, decreasing this number on the following days. The treatment withL. paracaseiCRL 1289 decreased significantly the number of staphylococci recovered at 2 and 5 days when mice were challenged only with105CFU of pathogen. The inoculation ofS. aureusproduced a remarkable inflammatory response and structural alterations in the vaginal mucosa that decreases in a significant manner when the mice were protected withL. paracaseiCRL 1289. The results obtained suggest that this particularLactobacillusstrain could prevent the onset of urogenital infections by interfering with the epithelial colonization by uropathogenicS. aureus.

Morphological features of the mother–placenta–fetus system on the background of sexually transmitted infections

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
O.I. Krotik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spontaneous Abortions ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Urogenital Infection ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

The objective: to identify morphological substrate of placental disorders in women with urogenital infections and miscarriages and spontaneous abortions, as well as women diagnosed with «sexually transmitted infections» who gave birth at term. Materials and methods. A morphological study of samples from 80 women of reproductive age was performed. Patients were divided into 4 groups. At the first stage, histological and immunofluorescent studies of abortuses were performed in two groups of women with spontaneous abortions and missed abortions. The I group consisted of samples from 20 patients with urogenital infections, the II group – samples from 20 uninfected women. At the first stage, a morphological (histological and immunofluorescent) study of abortions was performed in two groups of women with missed and spontaneous abortions. The III group consisted of samples from 20 patients with urogenital infections, the IV group (control) – 20 samples from uninfected women. The second stage involved organometric and histostereometric examination of the placenta from women diagnosed with «sexually transmitted infections» without differentiating the forms of the infectious process (main group, n=10), who gave birth at term, and women who were uninfected (control group, n=10) and also gave birth at term. Results. Morphological study of abortuses from infected patients showed that urogenital infections are characterized by pronounced inflammatory changes in the form of deciduitis (9 specimens – 45%); chorionitis (5 specimens – 25%) and syncytial endometritis (2 specimens – 10%). The morphological picture of necrobiosis was revealed in 25% of samples (5 specimens). In addition, amnionitis (6 specimens – 30%), villisitis (4 specimens – 20%) and basal deciduitis (3 specimens – 15%) were detected. In the group of uninfected women, the leading pathomorphological changes were signs of placental immaturity and changes in vascularization and sclerosis of the villi. Most of the studies of placenta and membranes from women who gave birth at term and had urogenital infection showed significant changes in the villous chorion with the involvement of villi of different calibers. There was a significant increase in the proportion of micropathology. The presence of small necrosis of villi was established in almost 1/3 of all cases, extensive areas of necrosis occurred, but there was no significant difference between two groups. There was a decrease in the volume of the chorionic epithelium compared with the control group. Conclusions. Pathomorphological changes of abortuses and placentas in women with STIs reflected the main links in the pathogenesis of infectious and inflammatory processes and were different from such changes in the absence of this pathology. In particular, urogenital infection is characterized by changes associated with inflammatory manifestations in abortuses, and in the group of uninfected women - with signs of placental immaturity and changes in vascularization and sclerosis of the villi. Histostereometry also revealed significant differences in the structure of the placentas of women of the main and control groups, in particular, a significant increase in the proportion of micropathology. Therefore, the prevention of pregnancy complications and pregravid preparation in women diagnosed with STIs is essential for preventing reproductive failures. Keywords: sexually transmitted infections (STIs), spontaneous abortion, missed abortion, placenta, histostereometry.

scholarly journals Chronic Inflammation in PCOS: The Potential Benefits of Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators (SPMs) in the Improvement of the Resolutive Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Pedro-Antonio Regidor ◽  
Anna Mueller ◽  
Manuela Sailer ◽  
Fernando Gonzalez Santos ◽  
Jose Miguel Rizo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Cardinal Symptoms ◽  
Resolution Processes

PCOS as the most common endocrine disorder of women in their reproductive age affects between 5–15% of the female population. Apart from its cardinal symptoms, like irregular and anovulatory cycles, hyperandrogenemia and a typical ultrasound feature of the ovary, obesity, and insulin resistance are often associated with the disease. Furthermore, PCOS represents a status of chronic inflammation with permanently elevated levels of inflammatory markers including IL-6 and IL-18, TNF-α, and CRP. Inflammation, as discovered only recently, consists of two processes occurring concomitantly: active initiation, involving “classical” mediators including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, and active resolution processes based on the action of so-called specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). These novel lipid mediator molecules derive from the essential ω3-poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) DHA and EPA and are synthesized via specific intermediates. The role and benefits of SPMs in chronic inflammatory diseases like obesity, atherosclerosis, and Diabetes mellitus has become a subject of intense research during the last years and since PCOS features several of these pathologies, this review aims at summarizing potential roles of SPMs in this disease and their putative use as novel therapeutics.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Vojvodina

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 333-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Brkic ◽  
Gorana Gajski ◽  
Mirjana Bogavac ◽  
Daniela Maric ◽  
Vesna Turkulov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
General Population ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Female Patients

Introduction Toxoplasmosis is an acute infectious anthropozoonotic disease with mild asymptomatic clinical manifestations in immunocompetent persons and more severe in immunocompromised patients. Acute infection in pregnancy can result in severe congenital toxoplasmosis with severe sequels. Objective Aims of study were to detect Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in general population of Vojvodina, Serbia, differences between genders and determination of seroprevalence in women of reproductive age and pregnant women. Methods Our retrospective study was conducted from 2006 to 2008 including 625 immunocompetent patients, hospitalized or observed as outpatients at the Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad. We performed commercial ELISA kits SERION - ELISA classic test by VIRION for the presence of specific IgG and IgM antibodies. According to seroepidemiological aim of the study, our results were presented only in qualitative values. Results We observed 173 male and 452 female patients. Seroprevalence in general population of Vojvodina was 38.1%. In male population seroprevalence was 45.7%, and in female population it was 35.2%, the difference which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Seroprevalence increased with age and seroconversion was detected to occur in persons aged about 20 years. In all female patients, 353 (78.1%) were in reproductive age with seroprevalence of 30%. In 161 pregnant women seroprevalence was 31.7%. Conclusion In this study we screened actual seroepidemiological situation to Toxoplasma gondii in Vojvodina, thus giving a contribution to the continuous epidemiological screening done in this region and in the country. According to our results, almost 70% of women in reproductive age were sensitive to primary acute infection during further pregnancies, which is highly important for the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis. Although not routinely conducted in many countries, routine serological testing to Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women and their education about preventive measures against this infection could be an effective measure in the future.

scholarly journals An Ayurvedic Approach in Management of Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-649
Author(s):  
Saroj Kumari ◽  
Sarvesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Kshipra Rajoria ◽  
Avadhesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Hormonal Imbalance ◽  
Hormonal Dysfunction ◽  
Cardinal Feature ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a probably fastest growing endocrinological disorder in females of reproductive age. In PCOS, follicular growth is influenced by hormonal imbalance during the ovarian cycle, leads to affected follicles remain in the ovary. The prevalence of PCOS is estimated 6-10% globally and 3.7% - 22.5% in Indian female population, which is relatively high. It is characterised by hyperandrogenism, anovulation and polycystic ovaries which clinically manifests in the terms of amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, acne, infertility etc. In present scenario, incidence of this disease increasing exponentially due to sedentary lifestyle and faulty dietary habits. This particular disease is not described word to word in Ayurveda. Associated features of PCOS are closely resembling with Bandhya Yonivyapada, Artavavahasrotasa-Vidhha Lakshana, Nastartava and Ksheenaartava described by Acharya Sushruta and Pushpghani Jatharini and Vikuta Jatharini mentioned by Acharya Kashyap. Maximum congruence of PCOS can be established with Bandhya Yonivyapada. The purpose of this study is to understand Nastartava which is the cardinal feature of Bandhya. Word Artava has been used exclusively in Samhita in context of menstrual blood, ovum and ovarian hormones. Therefore Amenorrhea, anovulation, hormonal dysfunction is considered exposed manifestations of Nastartava. Possible line of treatment is stipulated with Nidanaparivarjan, herbal drugs and Panchakarma procedures. Keywords- Ayurveda, Artava, Nastartava, PCOS, Herbal drugs, Panchakarma

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Corni Fructus Extracts on MIA-induced Animal Model of Osteoarthritis: Effect of Corni Fructus Extracts on OA

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Kyungmin Baek ◽  
Yu-min An ◽  
Mi-Rae Shin ◽  
Min Ju Kim ◽  
Jin A Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Corni Fructus

scholarly journals Simultaneous alterations in ovaries and bone as a result of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-14
Author(s):  
Ana Lúcia de Oliveira Bonfá ◽  
Eduardo Donato Alves ◽  
Víctor Fabrício ◽  
Keico Okino Nonaka ◽  
Janete Aparecida Anselmo-Franci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Estradiol Valerate ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Bone Properties ◽  
In Vivo Animal Model

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most widely recognized endocrine disorders affecting reproductive-age women. The etiopathogenesis and mechanisms of this syndrome remain unclear. Diagnosis requires two of the following: polycystic ovaries, oligo- or anovulation, and hyperandrogenism. Most women with PCOS display conditions such as metabolic abnormalities, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and/or bone dysfunction. Considering the ethical limitations of human studies, animal and cell culture models that reflect some features of PCOS are important for investigation of this syndrome. The aim of the present work was to study some of the endocrine relationships between ovaries and bone tissue in a polycystic ovary syndrome animal model. The study was performed using an estradiol valerate PCOS-induced rat model (n = 30) and bone mesenchymal stem cell cultured from bone marrow of those animals. It was hypothesized that changes of the endocrine relationship between ovaries and bones could be observed in from in vivo animal model and in vitro cell culture assays. The ovarian morphological and endocrine changes seem to be correlated with endocrine, biophysical, and biomechanical changes in bone properties. Mesenchymal stem cells obtained from PCOS-induced rats, cultured for up to 21 days and differentiated into osteoblasts, presented lower viability and reduced mineralization of the extracellular matrix. Taken together, these results indicate important endocrine and structural effects of PCOS in ovaries and bones, contributing to part of the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of PCOS.

scholarly journals The relationship between dairy products intake and breast cancer incidence: a meta-analysis of observational studies

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujing He ◽  
Qinghua Tao ◽  
Feifei Zhou ◽  
Yuexiu Si ◽  
Rongrong Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Fermented Dairy Products ◽  
Fermented Dairy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The effect of dairy products intake on breast cancer (BC) is highly controversial. This study aims to investigate the relationship between dairy intake and BC incidence. Methods A search was carried out in PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases before January 2021. The primary objective was the risk of BC and intake of dairy products were exposure variables. Results The meta-analysis comprised 36 articles with 1,019,232 participants. Total dairy products have a protective effect on female population (hazard ratio (HR) =0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) =0.91–0.99, p = 0.019), especially for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) (HR = 0.79, p = 0.002) and progesterone receptor-positive (PR+) BC (HR = 0.75, p = 0.027). For ER+/PR+ BC, there is a trend of protection, but it has not reached statistical significance (HR = 0.92, p = 0.075). Fermented dairy products can reduce BC risk in postmenopausal population (HR = 0.96, 95%CI = 0.93–0.99, p = 0.021), but have no protective effect on premenopausal population (HR = 0.98, 95%CI = 0.94–1.03, p = 0.52). Non-fermented dairy products have no significant effect on BC occurrence (p > 0.05). High-fat dairy products are harmful to women, without statistical difference (HR = 1.06, 95%CI = 1.00–1.13, p = 0.066). On the contrary, low-fat dairy products can protect the premenopausal population (HR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.89–1.00, p = 0.048). Conclusion The intake of dairy products can overall reduce BC risk in the female population, but different dairy products have varying effects on different BC subtypes and menopausal status.

scholarly journals Prevention of diabetes in the BB rat by essential fatty acid deficiency. Relationship between physiological and biochemical changes.

1990 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lefkowith ◽  
G Schreiner ◽  
J Cormier ◽  
E S Handler ◽  
H K Driscoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Spontaneous Diabetes ◽  
Bb Rat ◽  
Deficiency State ◽  
Bb Rats

Essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency exerts a striking protective effect in several animal models of autoimmune disease. We now report that EFA deprivation prevents diabetes in the BB rat, an animal model of human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In diabetes-prone (DP)-BB rats, the incidences of spontaneous diabetes and insulitis (the pathological substrate of autoimmune diabetes) were greatly reduced by EFA deficiency. This beneficial effect of the deficiency state was also seen in diabetes-resistant (DR)-BB rats that, after treatment with antibody to eliminate RT6+ T cells, would otherwise have become diabetic. The susceptibility of EFA-deprived DP-BB rats to spontaneous diabetes was restored when they were given dietary supplements of linoleate at 70 d of age (during the usual period of susceptibility), but not when they were repleted beginning at 120 d (after the peak incidence of diabetes). EFA deficiency did lead to growth retardation, but calorically restricted control rats demonstrated that the protective effect of the deficiency state was not a function of decreased weight. To examine the relationship between the biochemical changes of EFA deficiency and its physiological effects in this system, we compared the fatty acid changes that occurred in EFA-deficient animals that did and did not develop diabetes. Nondiabetic animals had significantly lower levels of (n-6) fatty acids (i.e., linoleate and arachidonate) and higher levels of oleate, an (n-9) fatty acid, than did diabetic animals. Levels of 20:3(n-9), the fatty acid that uniquely characterizes EFA deficiency, were similar in both groups, however. Among diabetic EFA-deficient rats, the age at onset of diabetes was found to correlate inversely with the level of (n-6) fatty acids, the least depleted animals becoming diabetic earliest, whereas there was no correlation with levels of 20:3(n-9). Among animals repleted with linoleate beginning at 70 d, restoration of susceptibility to diabetes correlated with normalization of the level of arachidonate. In summary, EFA deprivation reduced the frequency of diabetes in both DP and RT6-depleted DR-BB rats. This protective effect was strongly associated with depletion of (n-6) fatty acids, particularly arachidonate, but not with accumulation of the abnormal 20:3(n-9). Conjecturally, arachidonate and/or a metabolite may play a key role in mediating inflammatory injury in this animal model of autoimmune diabetes.

Reducing suspicion of sexual abuse in paediatric chlamydial conjunctivitis using ompA genotyping

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e238871
Author(s):  
Alexander Mitchell ◽  
Mitul Patel ◽  
Chloe Manning ◽  
Joseph Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Urogenital Infection ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
Conjunctival Swab ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Tract Infections

Chlamydia trachomatis is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes urogenital tract infections, and ocular infections including trachoma, neonatal conjunctivitis and adult chlamydial inclusion conjunctivitis. A positive C. trachomatis diagnosis in children often raises suspicions of sexual abuse. While outer membrane protein A (ompA) genotypes A–C are non-invasive and are associated with trachoma; ompA genotypes D–K are often associated with sexually transmitted urogenital infections or sexually acquired chlamydial conjunctivitis. A 10-year-old female presented with a 7-month history of unilateral conjunctivitis with itching, watering and hyperaemia. She had recently moved from an urban centre in Afghanistan to the UK. A conjunctival swab taken from the child tested positive for C. trachomatis. Application of ompA genotyping to conjunctival swab chlamydial DNA demonstrated that the C. trachomatis had an ompA genotype C. Chlamydial strains with this ompA genotype cause trachoma and have never previously been associated with urogenital infection. This result supported cessation of child protection investigations.

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