scholarly journals Nanoparticles for Brain Drug Delivery

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Masserini
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Drug Delivery ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

The central nervous system, one of the most delicate microenvironments of the body, is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulating its homeostasis. BBB is a highly complex structure that tightly regulates the movement of ions of a limited number of small molecules and of an even more restricted number of macromolecules from the blood to the brain, protecting it from injuries and diseases. However, the BBB also significantly precludes the delivery of drugs to the brain, thus, preventing the therapy of a number of neurological disorders. As a consequence, several strategies are currently being sought after to enhance the delivery of drugs across the BBB. Within this review, the recently born strategy of brain drug delivery based on the use of nanoparticles, multifunctional drug delivery systems with size in the order of one-billionth of meters, is described. The review also includes a brief description of the structural and physiological features of the barrier and of the most utilized nanoparticles for medical use. Finally, the potential neurotoxicity of nanoparticles is discussed, and future technological approaches are described. The strong efforts to allow the translation from preclinical to concrete clinical applications are worth the economic investments.

scholarly journals Nanotherapeutics in Neuropathologies: Obstacles, Challenges and Recent Advancements in CNS Targeted Drug Delivery Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vimal Patel ◽  
Vishal Chavda ◽  
Jigar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Drug Delivery ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
The Brain

: Neurology and associated nanotherapeutics is a complex field in terms of therapeutics and neurological disorder complexity. Brain is an intricate appendage and requires more precise embattled treatment for the particular diseases and hence it’s a broad scale for developing more targeted drug deliveries. The brain is one of the most inaccessible tissues of the body due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thus delivery of drugs inside the brain is a striking dare and it is also tricky to treat central nervous system (CNS) complications pharmacologically. The therapeutic aspiration is to accomplish a lowest drug meditation in the brain tissues so as to gain favoured therapeutic results. To devastate this obstacle, nanotechnology is engaged in the field of targeted brain drug delivery and neuropathology targeting. These carriers hold myriad ability as they may augment the drug delivery into the brain by shielding them from degradation and prolonging their transmission in the blood, as well as promoting their transport through the BBB. Nanopharmaceuticals are quickly sprouting as new avenue that is engaged with the drug-loaded nanocarriers to demonstrate unique physicochemical properties and tiny size range for penetrating into the central nervous system. The enchantment behind their therapeutic achievement is the condensed drug dose and inferior toxicity, whereby restricting the therapeutic compound to the specific site. Therefore, in this article we have tried to recapitulate the advances the novel scopes for the brain targeted drug delivery for complex neurological disorders.

Alzheimer’s disease and its related Dementia types: A review on their management via nanotechnology based therapeutic strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panoraia I. Siafaka ◽  
Gökce Mutlu ◽  
Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Mixed Dementia ◽  
The Brain

Background: Dementia and its related types such as Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and mixed dementia belong to brain associated diseases, resulting in long-term progressive memory loss. These diseases are so severe that can affect a person's daily routine. Up to date, treatment of de- mentias is still an unmet challenge due to their complex pathophysiology and unavailable efficient pharmacological approaches. The use of nanotechnology based pharmaceutical products could possibly improve the management of dementia given that nanocarriers could more efficiently deliver drugs to the brain. Objective: The objective of this study is to provide the current nanotechnology based drug delivery systems for the treatment of various dementia types. In addition, the current diagnosis biomarkers for the mentioned dementia types along with their available pharmacological treatment are being dis- cussed. Method: An extensive review of the current nanosystems such as brain drug delivery systems against Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and mixed dementia was performed. Moreover, nan- otheranostics as possible imaging markers for such dementias were also reported. Results: The field of nanotechnology is quite advantageous for targeting dementia given that nanoscale drug delivery systems easily penetrate the blood brain barrier and circulate in the body for prolonged time. These nanoformulations consist of polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostruc- tured lipid carriers, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, and liquid crystals. The delivery of the nan- otherapeutics can be achieved via various administration routes such as transdermal, injectable, oral, and more importantly, through the intranasal route. Nonetheless, the nanocarriers are mostly limited to Alzheimer’s disease targeting; thus, nanocarriers for other types of dementia should be developed. Conclusion: To conclude, understanding the mechanism of neurodegeneration and reviewing the cur- rent drug delivery systems for Alzheimer’s disease and other dementia types are significant for medical and pharmaceutical society to produce efficient therapeutic choices and novel strategies based on mul- tifunctional and biocompatible nanocarriers, which can deliver the drug sufficiently into the brain.

scholarly journals Intranasal Delivery of Nanoformulations: A Potential Way of Treatment for Neurological Disorders

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Ul Islam ◽  
Adeeb Shehzad ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Ahmed ◽  
Young Sup Lee
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Nasal Delivery ◽  
Intranasal Route ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Although the global prevalence of neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, glioblastoma, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis is steadily increasing, effective delivery of drug molecules in therapeutic quantities to the central nervous system (CNS) is still lacking. The blood brain barrier (BBB) is the major obstacle for the entry of drugs into the brain, as it comprises a tight layer of endothelial cells surrounded by astrocyte foot processes that limit drugs’ entry. In recent times, intranasal drug delivery has emerged as a reliable method to bypass the BBB and treat neurological diseases. The intranasal route for drug delivery to the brain with both solution and particulate formulations has been demonstrated repeatedly in preclinical models, including in human trials. The key features determining the efficacy of drug delivery via the intranasal route include delivery to the olfactory area of the nares, a longer retention time at the nasal mucosal surface, enhanced penetration of the drugs through the nasal epithelia, and reduced drug metabolism in the nasal cavity. This review describes important neurological disorders, challenges in drug delivery to the disordered CNS, and new nasal delivery techniques designed to overcome these challenges and facilitate more efficient and targeted drug delivery. The potential for treatment possibilities with intranasal transfer of drugs will increase with the development of more effective formulations and delivery devices.

Current Nanoparticle Approaches in Nose to Brain Drug Delivery and Anticancer Therapy - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1128-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Ansari ◽  
Ill-Min Chung ◽  
Govindasamy Rajakumar ◽  
Mohammad A. Alzohairy ◽  
Mohammad N. Alomary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Brain Drug Delivery ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

: Nanoparticles (NPs) are unique may be organic or inorganic, play a vital role in the development of drug delivery targeting the central nervous system (CNS). Intranasal drug delivery has shown to be an efficient strategy with attractive application for drug delivery to the CNS related diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer 's disease and brain solid tumors. Blood brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers are natural protective hindrances for entry of drug molecules into the CNS. Nanoparticles exhibit excellent intruding capacity for therapeutic agents and overcome protective barriers. By using nanotechnology based NPs targeted, drug delivery can be improved across BBB with discharge drugs in a controlled manner. NPs confer safe from degradation phenomenon. Several kinds of NPs are used for nose to the brain (N2B) enroute, such as lipidemic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic NPs, solid lipid NPs, dendrimers. Among them, popular lipidemic and polymeric NPs are discussed, and their participation in anti-cancer activity has also been highlighted in this review.

Nose to Brain Drug Delivery System: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-299
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Varun Garg ◽  
Neeraj Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Brain Drug Delivery ◽  
System A ◽  
Interesting Approach ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Nose to brain drug delivery system is an interesting approach to deliver a drug directly in the brain through the nose. Intranasal drug delivery is very beneficial because it avoids first-pass metabolism and achieves a greater concentration of drugs in the central nervous system (CNS) at a low dose. This delivery system is used for the treatment of various neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, dementia, brain cancer, etc. To treat such types of diseases, different formulations like nanoparticles (NPs), microemulsions, in situ gel, etc. can be used depending on the physiochemical properties of the drug. In this review, some essential characteristics related to the delivery of nose to the brain and their possible obstacles are underlined, which include anatomy and physiology of nose to brain delivery. This review also summarizes innovations from the past three to five years.

scholarly journals Increasing Possibilities of Nanosuspension

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Bishwajit Sutradhar ◽  
Sabera Khatun ◽  
Irin Parven Luna
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Oral Formulation ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
High Degree

Nowadays, a very large proportion of new drug candidates emerging from drug discovery programmes are water insoluble and thus poorly bioavailable. To avoid this problem, nanotechnology for drug delivery has gained much interest as a way to improve the solubility problems. Nano refers to particles size range of 1–1000 nm. The reduction of drug particles into the submicron range leads to a significant increase in the dissolution rate and therefore enhances bioavailability. Nanosuspensions are part of nanotechnology. This interacts with the body at subcellular (i.e., molecular) scales with a high degree of specificity and can be potentially translated into targeted cellular and tissue-specific clinical applications designed to achieve maximal therapeutic efficacy with minimal side effects. Production of drugs as nanosuspensions can be developed for drug delivery systems as an oral formulation and nonoral administration. Here, this review describes the methods of pharmaceutical nanosuspension production including advantages and disadvantages, potential benefits, characterization tests, and pharmaceutical applications in drug delivery.

scholarly journals Permeation Challenges of Drugs for Treatment of Neurological Tuberculosis and HIV and the Application of Magneto-Electric Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1479
Author(s):  
Sinaye Mhambi ◽  
David Fisher ◽  
Moise B. Tchoula Tchokonte ◽  
Admire Dube
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cns Drug Delivery ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Nanoparticle Drug Delivery ◽  
The Brain

The anatomical structure of the brain at the blood–brain barrier (BBB) creates a limitation for the movement of drugs into the central nervous system (CNS). Drug delivery facilitated by magneto-electric nanoparticles (MENs) is a relatively new non-invasive approach for the delivery of drugs into the CNS. These nanoparticles (NPs) can create localized transient changes in the permeability of the cells of the BBB by inducing electroporation. MENs can be applied to deliver antiretrovirals and antibiotics towards the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) infections in the CNS. This review focuses on the drug permeation challenges and reviews the application of MENs for drug delivery for these diseases. We conclude that MENs are promising systems for effective CNS drug delivery and treatment for these diseases, however, further pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to achieve translation of this approach to the clinic.

scholarly journals Restriction of Manganese Intake Prevents the Onset of Brain Manganese Overload in Zip14−/− Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6773
Author(s):  
Yuze Wu ◽  
Guojun Wei ◽  
Ningning Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Manganese Transport ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

As a newly identified manganese transport protein, ZIP14 is highly expressed in the small intestine and liver, which are the two principal organs involved in regulating systemic manganese homeostasis. Loss of ZIP14 function leads to manganese overload in both humans and mice. Excess manganese in the body primarily affects the central nervous system, resulting in irreversible neurological disorders. Therefore, to prevent the onset of brain manganese accumulation becomes critical. In this study, we used Zip14−/− mice as a model for ZIP14 deficiency and discovered that these mice were born without manganese loading in the brain, but started to hyper-accumulate manganese within 3 weeks after birth. We demonstrated that decreasing manganese intake in Zip14−/− mice was effective in preventing manganese overload that typically occurs in these animals. Our results provide important insight into future studies that are targeted to reduce the onset of manganese accumulation associated with ZIP14 dysfunction in humans.

scholarly journals Application progress of RVG peptides to facilitate the delivery of therapeutic agents into the central nervous system

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 8505-8515
Author(s):  
Qinghua Wang ◽  
Shang Cheng ◽  
Fen Qin ◽  
Ailing Fu ◽  
Chen Fu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
System P ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Almost All

Rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) peptides have been developed to deliver drugs for CNS diseases. In the present review, RVG-mediated drug delivery systems are summarised, which can deliver almost all small molecules and macromolecule agents.

Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery by Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Neurological Disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (37) ◽  
pp. 4247-4256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Yi Ong ◽  
Suku-Maran Shalini ◽  
Luca Costantino
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain Drug Delivery
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document