scholarly journals RotavirusDiarrhea among Children in Taiz, Yemen: Prevalence—Risk Factors and Detection of Genotypes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulmalik Al-Badani ◽  
Leena Al-Areqi ◽  
Abdulatif Majily ◽  
Saleh AL-Sallami ◽  
Anwar AL-Madhagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Severe Gastroenteritis ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Diarrheal diseases are a great public health problem; they are among the most causes leading to morbidity and mortality of infants and children particularly in developing countries and even in developed countries.Rotavirusis the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children in both developed and developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence rate ofRotavirusinfection, its genotypes, and risk factors among children with diarrhea in Taiz, Yemen. 795 fecal samples were collected from children (less than 5 years old), suffering from diarrhea and attending the Yemeni-Swedish Hospital (YSH) in Taiz , Yemen, from November 2006 to February 2008.Rotaviruswas detected by enzyme linkage immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on stool specimens of children. Genotypes ofRotaviruswere characterized by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The results showed that 358 (45.2%) wereRotavirus-positive and the most prevalent genotypes were G2P[4] (55%), followed by G1P[8] (15%). In addition,Rotaviruswas found through the whole year; however, higher frequency during the summer season (53.4%) and lower frequency during the winter season (37.1%).

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Rehan ◽  
Alina Qadeer ◽  
Irfan Bashir ◽  
Mohammed Jamshaid
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Strategic Implementation ◽  
As Stress

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have increased the mortality rate both in developing as well as developed countries, however a lower trend in death rates have been seen in developed and high income countries like USA, UK, Australia, Japan and other European countries due to improved life style, better strategic implementation, control of disease both in young and adults and especially reduced smoking habits. In developing countries CVD become an alarming situation due to prevalence of disease in early age that later on become chronic and difficult to control. Various risk factors that can contribute toward CVD in developing countries include smoking, high alcohol and salt intake, dietary factors, diabetes, high blood pressure and psychosocial aspects such as stress, anxiety and depression. Various other factors such as family history and the gender difference also contributing towards the high risk of developing CVD.Rehan et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, July 2016, 5(8): 69-72http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol5Issue8/02.pdf

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Pediatric Septic Shock

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 003-010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Machado ◽  
Daniela de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Severe Sepsis ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Definition ◽  
The World

AbstractSepsis, or dysregulated host response to infection, is considered a worldwide public health problem. It is a major childhood disease both in terms of frequency and severity, and severe sepsis is still considered the main cause of death from infection in childhood. This review provides an overview of the epidemiology of pediatric septic shock. The prevalence of severe sepsis and septic shock among hospitalized children ranges from 1 to 26%. Mortality is high, ranging from 5% in developed countries to up to 35% in developing countries. However, 10 years after the publication of pediatric sepsis definitions, a global perspective on the burden of this disease in childhood is still missing. Major obstacles to a better knowledge of sepsis epidemiology in children are the absence of an adequate disease definition and not having sepsis as a cause of death in the World Health Organization Global Burden of Disease Report, which is one of the most important sources of information for health policies decision-making in the world. Several studies performed in both developed and developing countries have shown that mortality from septic shock is high and is associated with delayed diagnosis, late treatment, and nonadherence to the treatment guidelines. Reducing mortality from sepsis in childhood is a worldwide challenge, especially in developing countries, where the highest number of cases and deaths are recorded and where financial resources are scarce. Many specialists consider that prevention, education, and organization are key to achieve a reduction in the burden of sepsis.

scholarly journals Prevalence and outcome of anaemia among pregnant women attending tertiary care hospital in Visakhapatnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Radha Kumari Paladugu ◽  
Srinivas Jagath Pentakota ◽  
Sushma N.
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Study Population

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is now considered as a major public health problem, caused by iron deficiency. WHO has estimated that prevalence of anaemia in developed and developing countries in pregnant women is 14% in developed countries and 51 percent in developing countries and 65-75% in India. Various programmes regarding anaemia prophylaxis and maternal health have been implemented but still the prevalence of anaemia related complications among pregnant women continues to be high. Hence the present study was conducted to study the prevalence and pregnancy outcome as a result of anaemia in a tertiary care center in Visakhapatnam. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out from June 2016 to August 2016 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology among postnatal women in King George hospital, Visakhapatnam. A semi-structured questionnaire was prepared and information regarding age, socioeconomic status, parity, gestational age interval between pregnancies and outcome and complication of pregnancy were collected. Results: Mean age of study population is 22.4 years. Out of 100 women involved in the study 65 are from urban areas 29 from rural areas and 6 from tribal areas. Majority of the study population 66% were having HB% between 8-11% i.e. mild anaemia. When Outcome of pregnancy was seen in relation to anaemia majority of the women had live births (90%) followed by 7% IUDs and 2% still births. Conclusions: Majority of the women are in the age group of 20-24 years. Socioeconomic status is directly related to anaemic status of the women. Majority of the women had complication of puerperal sepsis. 

scholarly journals WARAM-I MEDA (GASTRITIS) AND ITS MANAGEMENT FROM UNANI PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azma Waseem ◽  
Waseem Ahmad ◽  
Anwar Jamal ◽  
Mohammad Fazil ◽  
Asim Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Bile Reflux ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Continuous Use

In the present scenario, gastritis still remains a major public health problem that affects the population of both the developed as well as developing countries. More than 50% of the population in developing countries suffers from gastritis, whereas 34.7 % of the population in developed countries had health problems due to gastritis. Main causes of gastritis are infections, stress, continuous use of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alcohol and bile reflux. Gastritis if remains untreated or undiagnosed causes Quruh-i Meda (gastric ulcers). Prolonged and progressive inflammation results in destruction of gastric mucosa (Atrophic gastritis) and reduction in gastric acid secretions. These two factors are considered as the main risk factors in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Unani physicians have given much importance to this disease. In Unani system of medicine, there is elaborated description of gastritis under the heading of Waram-i Meda with causes, symptoms and its effective management. The fundamental principles of Unani treatment of gastritis is to restore the normalcy of the patient, correction of temperament (Mizaj ), humoral balance in the organ and the body, and toning up of the stomach. All these principles are achieved mostly by three modes of treatment i.e. Iaj bil Tadbeer (Regimenal therapy), Ilaj bil Ghiza (Dietotherapy) and Ilaj bil Dawa (Pharmacotherapy). In this review article, Waram-i Meda (gastritis) is elaborated with its type, causes and treatment in Unani perspective with the objective to reduce the burden of gastritis and prevention of complications associated with gastritis.

scholarly journals Challenges of childhood obesity in a developing economy: A review

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
CB Eke ◽  
AC Ubesie ◽  
BC Ibe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
English Language ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition

Background: Obesity once considered a high income country’s malady is now on the rise in most developing countries particularly in urban settings. Most of these emerging economies have been reported to have different shades of under – nutrition coexisting side by side with over-nutrition. It is pertinent therefore that we determine the factors driving the increase in obesity rates in developing countries as they generally lack the infrastructure to adequately handle the associated complications.Objectives: This communication is aimed at reviewing the burden and risk factors for obesity in children in developing countries, double burden of malnutrition, challenges including medical as well as economic costs and sustainable preventive programmes of obesity in our environment with the hope of sensitizing both the health community and policy makers of this emerging epidemic.Methods: We searched relevant literature on the subject published only in English language or translated into English language manually and electronically. The Index Medicus, AJOL, Medline, PUBMED, and HINARI were specifically searched for the period between 1980 and 2014 and reviewed. The following key words were applied in the search: Obesity in childhood, its burden and associated risk factors, complications of obesity in childhood, double burden of malnutrition in developing countries, assessment of obesity, childhood challenges of obesity including its direct and indirect costs in developing countries as well as practical preventive models in developing economies.Results: Several relevant studies were identified. The health as well as economic costs of obesity is diverse. Obesity is the major risk factor for a variety of non – communicable diseases including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and malignancies in later life. Also obese children have higher risk of orthopaedic problems and psychological disturbances like low -self esteem and bullying. This can also lead to poor social adjustments among our teeming youths who are the bedrock of our future economy. Most of these diseases cause premature deaths in addition to long term morbidities. Many of these obesity associated complications impose substantial burden on the health care system in developing countries with weak health systems, and if allowed unmitigated the implications are that the cost of its care may overwhelm not only the health budget but also affect the provisions of basic social amenities.Conclusions: Preventive programmes have been shown to reduce the burden of obesity in developed countries. Dearth of data on burden of obesity and its associated complications in children and adolescents still a challenge in most developing economies. Efforts should be made to prevent childhood obesity using multi- pronged approach at population level through targeted education, sustainable interventions related to healthy nutritional practices as well as physical activity promotion.Key words: Challenges; Obesity; Children; Developing Economies

scholarly journals Malnutrition Precipitated Measles Outbreak in Gewane District, Afar Regional State, Northeastern Ethiopia, 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolde Melese Ayele
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Rate ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vaccination History

Abstract Background: Measles is a contagious viral and vaccine-preventable disease that is continuing a public health problem. It is occurring as an outbreak not only in developing but also in developed countries.Methods: A 1:2 ratios, unmatched case-control study was conducted from September 19/2016- October 08/2016 in Undufo Kebele, Gewane district, Northeastern Ethiopia. Both confirmed by laboratory and epidemiologically linked measles cases were involved. Controls were those who had no clinical signs of measles during the data collection period and residents of the same community where cases were identified. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Nutritional status was measured using MUAC and the result decided based on the world health organization's nutritional categorization of children by MUAC. Data were entered into Epi-info 7 and analyzed using SPSS-21. Binary logistic regression was done to identify risk factors for measles infection with 95% confident level of Odds ratio.Result: Fifty cases and 100 controls have participated in this investigation. Four out of five samples collected were positive for measles IgM antibody. There were three deaths reported. There was no vaccination history of cases and controls. The majority of cases were female and between 6–15 years of age. In multivariable analysis, malnutrition (AOR = 3.21; 95%CI 1.871,6.334), and contact history (AOR = 12.24; 95%CI 6.992,28.121) increased the risk of contracting measles infection.Conclusion: children under 15-year age were more affected groups. The absence of vaccination in the area precipitated by a high rate of malnutrition was the main cause that aggravates the number of new infections. Contact history and malnutrition were the identified risk factors for measles infection. Therefore, increasing immunization coverage of more than 80%, and securing food security decrease the susceptibility of outbreak occurrence.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AND DETERMINATION OF ITS RISK FACTORS IN KORANGRAPADY, UDUPI DISTRICT, COASTAL KARNATAKA, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Steffi Veientlena ◽  
Prabu P
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Anthropometric Measures

Objective: Hypertension is a global public health problem that estimates about 4.5% of overall disease burden. It is a general health challenge in economically developing and developed countries. High blood pressure prevalence is increased from 11.2% to 28% (p<0.001) and 23–42.2% in rural and urban area according to the study done in Delhi for about 20 years. It is one of the important risk factors of cardiovascular disease, which is associated with morbidity and mortality. The aim was to identify the significant correlates of hypertension in a rural village in south India. Methods: Data were collected through a door-to-door survey among the residents of the village. Data collected was related to demographics and anthropometric measures. Blood pressure was measured with the help of the medical supervisor. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test for comparison between attributes. The potential hazard factor of hypertension was found by performing binary logistic regression model.Result: Of 299 participants considered for the study, 50 were hypertensive contributing to the overall prevalence of 16.72% with 95% confidence interval of 0.1292–0.2137, in which females have the prevalence rate of 17.8% and males with the prevalence rate of 15.5%. The study outcome identified education level, occupation, and family history of hypertension is the predicted risk factors.Conclusion: The high blood pressure prevalence is low and comparable with the studies conducted in other rural regions of India. More studies are, however, required to decide the appropriation and determinants of hypertension in different parts of this region.

Molecular Detection of Hepatitis C Virus amongst Patients in Five Selected Hospitals in Niger State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
M U Iduh ◽  
F A Kuta ◽  
M E Abalaka ◽  
K O Shitu
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a major public health problem in developing and developed countries worldwide. It is responsible for liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma in chronically-infected patients. This study therefore aimed to identify the strain of HCV among HCV seropositive subjects in Niger State. A total of 44 HCV seropositive blood samples which consisted of 27 males and 17 females were analyzed (after Viral RNA extraction) for the presence of HCV-RNA by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Nine (20.5%) of the samples were positive for HCV RNA. HCV-RNA positive samples were genotyped by direct sequencing at 5’UTR region genomes; sequences were aligned on MEGA 6.0 and confirmed by phylogenetic analysis. HCV genotype 1b was the only one distributed among the participants. The findings are relevant as predictors for using antiviral therapy in this population because the response to treatment varies according to the genotype.

Suicide in Developing Countries (2)

Crisis ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Vijayakumar ◽  
Sujit John ◽  
Jane Pirkis ◽  
Harvey Whiteford
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Abstract. The majority of studies on risk factors for suicide have been conducted in developed countries, and less work has been done to systematically profile risk factors in developing countries. The current paper presents a selective review of sociodemographic, clinical, and environmental/situational risk factors in developing countries. Taken together, the evidence suggests that the profiles of risk factors in developing countries demonstrate some differences from those in developed countries. In some developing countries, at least, being female, living in a rural area, and holding religious beliefs that sanction suicide may be of more relevance to suicide risk than these factors are in developed countries. Conversely, being single or having a history of mental illness may be of less relevance. Risk factors that appear to be universal include youth or old age, low socioeconomic standing, substance use, and previous suicide attempts. Recent stressful life events play a role in both developing and developed countries, although their nature may differ (e.g., social change may have more of an influence in the former). Likewise, access to means heightens risk in both, but the specific means may vary (e.g., access to pesticides is of more relevance in developing countries). These findings have clear implications for suicide prevention, suggesting that preventive efforts that have shown promise in developed countries may need to be tailored differently to address the risk factor profile of developing countries.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Low Birth Weight Baby: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Poly Begum ◽  
Md Kamrul Hassan ◽  
Aloke Kumar Saha ◽  
Tahmina Akter ◽  
Mahmuda Afrin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Socio Economic Factors ◽  
Medical Risks

Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the main predictors of infant mortality. The global incidence of LBW is around 17%, although estimates vary from 19% in the developing countries like Bangladesh to 5-7% in the developed countries. About one third of delivery is low birth weight. LBW is generally associated with situations in which uterine malnutrition is produced due to alterations in placental circulation. There are many known risk factors, the most important of which are socio-economic factors, medical risks before or during gestation and maternal lifestyles. However, although interventions exist to prevent many of these factors before and during pregnancy, the incidence of LBW has not decreased.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jan 2017;12(1): 40-46

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