scholarly journals A Perspective of the Diagnosis and Management of Congenital Tuberculosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manou Irmina Saramba ◽  
Dongchi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Congenital Tuberculosis ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Uncommon Disease ◽  
Transmission Of Disease

Tuberculosis continues to be a prevalent disease in the world and a global public health issue in many countries. The disease is more complicated in pregnant women because it imperils unborn offspring and results in congenital tuberculosis later if undiagnosed and untreated. Congenital tuberculosis is rare entity and an uncommon disease along with a high mortality rate. Congenital tuberculosis, a severe clinical type of tuberculosis caused byMycobacterium tuberculosis, is a serious and fatal disease if left untreated. Our study emphasizes that it is necessary and mandatory to consider congenital tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of neonatal or pulmonary infections in infants, essentially in countries where the incidence of tuberculosis is high burden. Mother to neonatal transmission of disease is well known via transplacental transmission through the umbilical vein to the fetus, through the ingestion of infected amniotic fluid. Early detection is challenging, because of the nonspecific nature of the signs and symptoms in tuberculosis during pregnancy and infancy. The degree of clinical suspicion is the essential component of diagnosis. Furthermore, it generally has a difficult treatment and it should not be delayed while waiting for diagnostic test results. Prompt identification and proper treatment regimens for congenital tuberculosis strongly relate with enhanced outcomes.

Nursing diagnoses in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hidayati ◽  
Farhan Hadi ◽  
Suratmi Suratmi ◽  
Isni Lailatul Maghfiroh ◽  
Esti Andarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Knowledge Deficit ◽  
Nursing Diagnoses

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has become a global public health issue, and the roles of nurses are very much needed in providing nursing services in the current situation. The enforcement of appropriate nursing diagnoses for patients with COVID-19 is also fundamental in determining proper nursing care to help the patients achieve maximum health. Objective: This study aimed to describe and analyze nursing diagnoses in patients with COVID-19 treated in the isolation rooms and ICUs. Methods: This study used a secondary data analysis from hospital medical record data of patients with COVID-19 from early December 2020 to the end of February 2021. Data were selected using a cluster random sampling technique and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The results showed that the signs and symptoms of the patients with COVID-19 that often appeared were fever, cough, shortness of breath, and decreased consciousness. The common nursing diagnoses in the hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were hyperthermia, ineffective airway clearance, gas exchange disorder, self-care deficit, spontaneous ventilation disorder, spontaneous circulation disorder, knowledge deficit, and shock risk. Conclusion: This study offers an insight into nursing practices in the hospital setting, which can be used as a basis for nurses to perform complete nursing assessments and nursing diagnoses during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Non-antibiotic pharmaceutical agents as antibiotic adjuvants

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Márió Gajdács
Keyword(s):  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a global public health issue, which severely hinders clinicians in providing patients with adequate antimicrobial treatment regimens. The strategy of drug repurposing is an emerging strategy in antimicrobial chemotherapy, during which new pharmacological uses are identified for drugs already approved. The aim of our present study was to assess the adjuvant properties of several existing and widely-used pharmacological agents against bacteria in combination with reference antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, S. epidermidis ATCC 12228, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 were selected for our experiments. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the tested compounds were determined using the broth microdilution method, while a MIC reduction assay was performed to ascertain the effect of the tested compounds on the MICs of standard antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and gentamicin). Eight tested compounds (namely atorvastatin, celecoxib, clotrimazole, diclofenac-epolamine, ivermectin, lidocaine, mebendazole and terbinafine) showed antibacterial activity on the tested bacterial strains and several agents presented with various degrees of adjuvant (MIC-reducing) properties. Further experiments involving the screening of additional pharmaceutical compounds for their secondary antibacterial and adjuvant properties are warranted.

Knowledge of and Compliance with Therapeutic Regimens among Hypertensive Patients in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A Ehwarieme ◽  
Emmanuelson N Chukwuyem ◽  
Cynthia O Osayande
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Significant Difference

Hypertension is a global public health issue as it is the most common cardiovascular disease worldwide. Being one the few diseases that come with complications, this study investigated the level of compliance of hypertensive patients with treatment regimens among such patients attending outpatient departments of selected tertiary hospitals in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used. A sample size of 309 was selected from a total population of 946. A convenient sampling technique and self-structured questionnaire were used as an instrument for data collection. Results showed that only 40.7 per cent of the respondents had a good knowledge of hypertension. The majority (90 %) (N = 270) of the respondents were not compliant with treatment regimens. There was a significant relationship between knowledge of hypertension and lifestyle modification among the respondents at (χ2 = 0.022; < p = 0.05). There was no significant difference in the level of compliance with antihypertensive treatment between respondents in the selected hospitals (p = 0.791). The monthly income was found to have a significant relationship with compliance with treatment regimens at (χ2 = 0.000, 0.037, 0.001, 0.008, 0.010, 0.000 and 0.000; < p = 0.05). The study also shows that there was no significant difference in knowledge and the rate of compliance among the selected hospitals (0.883 and 0.798 respectively). Therefore it is recommended that nurses engage in health education and awareness programmes to meet the needs for increased awareness and further education of the people on the advantages of adherence to their medication and treatment regimens.

scholarly journals Management of chronic kidney disease- an update

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Faruk Ahammad
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Kidney Structure ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Urine Albumin ◽  
Referral Criteria ◽  
Previous Definition ◽  
One Year

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health issue demanding continuous improvement in its management. Different international groups and organizations have now achieved a good progress in its definition, classification (staging), treatment and referral criteria to nephrologists. In definition of CKD, "CKD is defined as abnormalities of kidney structure or function, present for at least three months with implications for health", the phrase "with implications for health" has been added at the end of the previous definition, which reflects the concept that there may be certain abnormalities of kidney structure or function that do not have prognostic consequences (for example, a simple renal cyst). At staging of CKD, grade 3 has been subdivided into G3a and G3b, according to whether the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is (59 - 45) or (44 - 30) ml/min/1.73m2, respectively. Furthermore, albuminuria has been classified in any GFR grade, in to A1, A2 or A3 according to the albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) in an isolated urine sample for values <3, 3-30 or >30mg/mmol, respectively. The term "microalbuminuria" has now been replaced by the term "moderately increased albuminuria". For GFR measurement Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD- EPI) equation has been preferred than the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study equation and new 2012 KDIGO guidelines consider the use of alternative formulas to be acceptable if they have been shown to improve accuracy when compared with the CKD-EPI formula. For detection of albuminuria ACR is preferred rather than conventional 24 hours urine albumin. The recommended BP control target is ?140/90mmHg (both diabetic and non-diabetic) if ACR <3mg/mmol and a stricter target is suggested, with BP ?130/80mmHg, (both in diabetic and non-diabetic) if the ACR is ? 3mg/mmol. Use of erythropoisis-stimulating agent (ESA) in anemia of CKD should be rational; to avoid its adverse effects like stroke, thrombosis or hypertension acceleration and hemoglobin goals should not exceed 11 g per dl. Treating dyslipidaemia in CKD with statins for all adults >50 years of age, irrespective of low density lipoprotien (LDL) cholesterol levels is recommended. Referral to nephrologist should be rational according to guidelines and at least one year prior to the start of renal replacement therapy (RRT).Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2014;9(1): 46-52

scholarly journals Modified U-Tube for Ruling out Naked DNA Transfer during Conjugation and Application in Antibiotic Resistance Genes Transfer Research

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1313
Author(s):  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Limei Han ◽  
Xuejiao Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Conjugative Transfer ◽  
Donor Strain ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida Kt2440 ◽  
Naked Dna

Antibiotic resistance is currently a major global public health issue. In particular, the emergence and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is a matter of primary concern. This study presented a method for ruling out the transfer of naked DNA (plasmid RP4 lysed from donor cells) during the cell-to-cell conjugation, using a modified “U-tube”. A series of gene transfer assays was conducted in both flask and modified U-tube, using Pseudomonas putida KT2440 (P. putida (RP4)) harboring the RP4 plasmid as the donor strain, Escherichia coli (E. coli, ATCC 25922) in pure culture as sole recipient, and bacteria from reclaimed water microcosms as multi-recipients. The verification experiments showed that the U-tube device could prevent direct contact of bacteria without affecting the exchange of free plasmid. In the experiments involving a sole recipient, the transconjugants were obtained in flask samples, but not in modified U-tube. Furthermore, in experiments involving multi-recipients, transfer of naked DNA in the modified U-tube accounted for 5.18% in the transfer frequency of the flask transfer experiment. The modified U-tube proved to be useful for monitoring the interference of naked DNA in the research of conjugative transfer and calculating the exact conjugative transfer rate. This device is identified as a promising candidate for distinguishing different gene transfers in practical application because of its convenient use and easy and simple manufacture.

scholarly journals A comparative study to assess the knowledge and beliefs regarding AIDS among higher secondary students in rural schools of South Kerala and South Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose P. Cyril ◽  
Baburaj Stephenson ◽  
Joy John ◽  
Anju Mirin Alex ◽  
Sony S. Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Students ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Background: HIV continues to be a major global public health issue, having claimed 36.3 million lives so far.  India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world, with 2.1 million people living with HIV. Epidemiological data on AIDS suggests that in many cases, HIV infection was acquired during adolescence and lack of knowledge is one of the most important reasons.  Hence, an ardent need was felt to assess the knowledge and beliefs of adolescents regarding AIDS. The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and beliefs regarding AIDS among higher secondary students of rural schools in South Kerala and in South Tamil Nadu.   Methods: After getting ethical committee clearance, the study was conducted among higher secondary students of twelfth standard using a predesigned and validated self-administered questionnaire. An educational intervention regarding AIDS lasting for 30 min was given after the test. Data analysis was done using appropriate software.Results: The mean knowledge scores of students from Kerala (11.57) and Tamil Nadu (11.51) were almost same. Television, newspaper and teachers were the main source of information about AIDS. Beliefs like Whiteman’s disease can spread through mosquito bite, sharing vessels and giving shake hands/touching were highly prevalent in the study subjects.Conclusions: Proper emphasis should be given to teachers on mentoring adolescents and imparting them with the needed knowledge on HIV/AIDS to enable them to overcome this period of stress and storm.

scholarly journals A Smart Contract-based Access Control Architecture for Telemedicine During Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
hideyat zerga ◽  
Asma AMRAOUI ◽  
badr BENMAMMAR
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Distributed Services ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Fundamental Requirement ◽  
Do So

Abstract In the fight against the COVID-19 epidemic that is currently a major global public health issue, social distancing has been imposed to prevent the massive transmission, thus doctors in hospitals have turned to telemedicine in order to be able to monitor their patient notably those suffering from chronic diseases. To do so, patients need to share their physiological data with doctors. In order to share this data safely, prevent malicious users from tampering with it and protect the privacy of patients, access control becomes a fundamental requirement. In order to set up a real-time (Internet of Thing) IoT enabled healthcare system (HS) scenario like telemedicine, Fog computing (FC) seems to be the best solution comparing to Cloud computing since it provides low latency, highly mobile and geo-distributed services and temporary storage. In this paper, the focus is on access control in the telemedicine systems. Our proposal is based, on one hand, the concept of Fog computing to ensure the distributed aspect needed in the monitoring of patient health remotely; and on the other hand Blockchain (BC) smart contracts, in order to provide a dynamic, optimized and self-adjusted access control.

scholarly journals A CRITICAL REVIEW ARTICLE ON PANDU W.S.R. ANAEMIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2144-2150
Author(s):  
Shivam Kumar Nigam ◽  
Rita Singh ◽  
Sanjay Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Pandu Roga is one of the diseases mentioned in Ayurveda characterized by the changes in the skin colour to white (Shweta), yellowish (Peeta), greenish (Harita) etc. which is one of the “Varnopalakshita Roga" i.e., a disease characterized by the change in the colour. The clinical condition of Pandu in Ayurveda can be co-related with Anaemia described in Modern Medical Science, due to the resemblance in the clinical signs and symptoms. In Modern Medicine, Pandu is a pale appearance which may be due to the decreased blood supply to the skin or de- creased visibility of oxyhemoglobin. Anaemia is a major global public health problem and the most prevalent nu- tritional deficiency disorder in the world. This article presents the Ayurvedic concept of Pandu Roga (Anaemia). Keywords: Pandu, Vyadhi, Srotas, Anaemia, Pallor,

scholarly journals The Role of Technology and the Continuum of Care for Youth Suicidality: Systematic Review

10.2196/18672 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. e18672
Author(s):  
Hannah Szlyk ◽  
Jia Tan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Continuum Of Care ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Youth Suicide ◽  
Risk Recognition ◽  
The Continuum

Background Youth suicide is a global public health issue, and using technology is one strategy to increase participation in preventive interventions. However, there is minimal knowledge on how technology-enhanced interventions for youth correspond to the stages of care, from illness or risk recognition to treatment follow-up. Objective This systematic review aims to examine the efficacy of technology-enhanced youth suicide prevention and interventions across the continuum of care. Methods Four electronic databases were searched up to spring 2019 for youth suicide preventive interventions that used technology. The review was not restricted by study design and eligible studies could report outcomes on suicidality or related behaviors, such as formal treatment initiation. An adapted version of the Methodological Quality Ratings Scale was used to assess study quality. Results A total of 26 studies were identified. The findings support the emerging efficacy of technology-enhanced interventions, including a decline in suicidality and an increase in proactive behaviors. However, evidence suggests that there are gaps in the continuum of care and recent study samples do not represent the diverse identities of vulnerable youth. Conclusions The majority of identified studies were conducted in school settings and were universal interventions that aligned with the illness and risk recognition and help-seeking stages of the continuum of care. This field could be strengthened by having future studies target the stages of assessment and treatment initiation, include diverse youth demographics, and examine the varying roles of providers and technological components in emerging interventions.

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