Increased Levels of Serum Neuregulin 1 Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Vascular Dementia

Objective. Neuregulin 1 (NRG 1) is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family and is believed to play an important role in neuroplasticity. However, the relationship between NRG 1 and vascular dementia (VaD) is poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to explore the correlation between neuregulin 1 and VaD. Patients and Methods. From October 2018 to September 2020, 93 VaD patients and 79 control populations who attended Liaocheng People’s Hospital were included in the study. Baseline characteristics including age, gender, years of education, HDL, LDL, FBG, SBP, and DBP are collected. At the same time, peripheral blood was collected, and the concentration of serum NRG 1 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All research subjects received professional cognitive function assessment. Results. A total of 93 VaD patients and 79 controls were enrolled. There was no significant difference in age, gender, years of education, HDL, LDL, FBG, SBP, and DBP between the two groups ( p > 0.05 ). However, compared with the control group, VaD patients have lower MoCA and higher serum NRG 1 levels, and the difference is statistically significant ( p < 0.001 ). The correlation analysis of MoCA and baseline characteristics showed that the MoCA score in VaD was significantly negatively correlated with serum NRG 1 ( r = − 0.374 , p = 0.036 ). The results of multivariate regression showed that the MoCA score of VaD patients was only associated with NRG 1 ( β = 0.258 , p = 0.012 ). Conclusions. The concentration of serum NRG 1 in VaD patients is significantly increased, which may be an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment in VaD patients.

Download Full-text

The difference in saliva pH before and after brushing with fluoride containing toothpaste and without toothpaste

Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.24198/pjd.vol20no3.14118 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Samuel Setiawan ◽

Edeh Rolleta Haroen ◽

Dede Hadidjah

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Research Method ◽

Control Group ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Male And Female ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Salivary Ph ◽

Before And After ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Difference

In administering fluoride through drinking water there is the risk of overdose, higher cost and inadequate availability of drinking water containing fluoride in developing countries like Indonesia. A safe fluoride source is contained in toothpaste. The purpose of this research was to obtain data concerning difference in saliva pH before and after brushing with toothpaste containing fluoride and without toothpaste. The research method used was the quasi-experimental method. Samples were collected by the way of purposive sampling, conducted on 43 male and female research subjects. The data were analyzed by statistical analysis using the t test at 95% confidence level. In this research a control group consisting of 43 people was used. Research results indicated that the average saliva pH before brushing was 7.174; after brushing with fluoride containing toothpaste salivary pH was 7.593. Result research of brushing without toothpaste showed an average saliva of 7.163 before brushing and 7.379 after brushing without toothpaste. The average changes in saliva pH before and after brushing using fluoride containing toothpaste was 0.216. The conclusion of this research was that there was significant difference in saliva pH before and after brushing with toothpaste containing fluoride; there was significant difference in saliva pH before and after brushing without toothpaste, and there was significant difference in saliva pH before and after brushing with toothpaste containing fluoride and without toothpaste.

Download Full-text

Protective Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Cognitive Function in Patients with Vascular Dementia

Cell Transplantation ◽

10.1177/0963689719853540 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (8) ◽

pp. 1071-1075 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yuzhen Xu ◽

Qian Wang ◽

Zhongsen Qu ◽

Jiajun Yang ◽

Xinping Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Vascular Dementia ◽

Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽

Conventional Treatment ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Control Group ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Baseline Characteristics

Recent studies have shown that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has a therapeutic effect on vascular dementia (VD); however, the exact mechanism remains unclear. This article aims to reveal the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of HBO on VD. A total of 158 patients with VD were prospectively included in the study and were randomly divided into control group and HBO group. The control group was given conventional treatment and the HBO group was treated with HBO in addition to conventional treatment. The following HBO protocol was practiced: 5 days per week, 60 min each, 100% oxygen at 2 standard atmospheric pressures for 12 weeks. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores and serum Humanin levels were detected before and after treatments in both groups. The baseline characteristics were not different dramatically between groups ( p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in MMSE scores and serum Humanin levels between the two groups before treatment ( p > 0.05). After treatment, compared with the control group, the MMSE scores and serum Humanin levels in the HBO group were significantly increased ( p < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the serum Humanin levels were positively correlated with MMSE scores ( r = 0.409, p < 0.05) and this correlation was independent of baseline characteristics (β = 0.312, p < 0.05). HBO therapy can improve cognitive function in patients with VD, and its mechanism may be related to elevated serum Humanin levels.

Download Full-text

Pengaruh Pemberian Pelatihan Pengembangan Diri terhadap Loyalitas Anggota di Formasi Ar-Ruuh UMA

JURNAL DIVERSITA ◽

10.31289/diversita.v4i2.1939 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 84

Author(s):

Ihsan Habib Siregar ◽

Hairul Anwar Dalimunthe

Keyword(s):

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Control Groups ◽

Average Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Self Development ◽

The Difference ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

<p><em>This study aims to see the influence of self-development training to member loyalty. Research subjects are 40 members of Formasi Ar-Ruuh UMA. The samples were divided into experimental groups (Trained) and control groups (No training). Using 50 instruments of loyalty as a measuring instrument. Data analysis techniques using Wilcoxon Test, with the following results: 1. There’s influence of training on experimental group, significance coefficient 0.005. p 0.005 <0.05, hypothesis is accepted. 2. There’s no significant increase in the control group. p = 0,513. p 0,513> 0,05, hypothesis is rejected. 3. There’s no significant difference between the two groups, p = 0.225. p 0.225> 0.05, hypothesis is rejected. The experimental group further increased its loyalty score by a pretest average of 125.85, the posttest rising to 130.25. The control group obtained a pretest average of 124.75, the posttest rising to 125.00. Self-development training affects loyalty improvement with pretest empirical mean experimental group 125,85, pretest control group 124,75, posttest experimental group 130,25, posttest control group 125,00. The empirical average value is greater than the hypothetical value (100) and the difference over the SD number is 11.440, 16.227, 5.447, 16.387.</em></p>

Download Full-text

Serum CCL21 as a Potential Biomarker for Cognitive Impairment in Spinal Cord Injury

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/6692802 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Yuanzhen Chen ◽

Liangke Liang ◽

Shengnan Cao ◽

Guangjian Hou ◽

Qian Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Moca Score

Objective. Cognitive impairment is considered to be an important complication of spinal cord injury (SCI), but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore whether serum CCL21 can be used as a potential biomarker of cognitive impairment in SCI. Methods. In Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, hospitalized or treated acute SCI patients were included in the study as the SCI group (SCI). At the same time, a normal control group (NC) matching the age and sex of the SCI group was recruited in the outpatient clinic. Once the two groups were enrolled, their demographics and clinical characteristics were collected immediately. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum CCL21 levels within 24 hours of admission. Three months later, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to test the cognitive function of the population. Results. A total of 84 SCI patients and 49 NC populations were eligible for inclusion in the study. There was no significant statistical difference in the demographics and clinical characteristics (age, gender, BMI, TG, LDL-C, FBG, SBP, and DBP) between the two groups ( p > 0.05 ). Compared with the NC group, the SCI group had a higher serum CCL21 level ( p < 0.001 ) and a lower MoCA score ( p < 0.001 ). Serum CCL21 level in SCI was negatively correlated with MoCA score ( p = 0.023 ). Multivariable analyses showed that serum CCL21 level is an independent prognostic factor of cognitive impairment in SCI. Conclusions. MoCA score has a linear relationship with serum CCL21 quartile, and SCI cognitive function has a negative correlation with serum CCL21. Serum CCL21 is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment after SCI.

Download Full-text

Decreased Levels of Serum IL-34 Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Vascular Dementia

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/6793860 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Yang Wang ◽

Wei Lu ◽

Wenjing Ning ◽

Yan Chen ◽

Lingxing Li

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Vascular Dementia ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Bivariate Correlation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Demographic Features

Objective. Interleukin- (IL-) 34 is a new type of cytokine with neuroprotective effects discovered in recent years. However, the relationship between IL-34 and vascular dementia (VaD) has not yet been elucidated. The purpose of this study is to determine whether IL-34 is involved in cognitive impairment of VaD. Methods. From January 2017 to December 2020, 84 VaD patients and 60 healthy controls who attended Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital were prospectively included in the study. Once included in the study, demographic features of all research subjects are collected. They include age, gender, education, white blood cells (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC). Meanwhile, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale was used to assess the cognitive function of participants. The serum IL-34 level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. There was no significant difference between the demographic features of VaD patients and healthy controls ( p > 0.05 ). However, the serum IL-34 levels of VaD patients and healthy controls are 27.6 ± 3.9 pg / ml and 41.8 ± 6.0 pg / ml , respectively, and there is a significant statistical difference between them ( p < 0.001 ). The results of bivariate correlation analysis showed that serum IL-34 levels were significantly positively correlated with MoCA scores ( r = 0.371 , p = 0.023 ). Further regression analysis showed that IL-34 was still correlated with MoCA after adjusting for demographic features ( β = 0.276 , p = 0038 ). Conclusions. Serum IL-34 levels in VaD patients were significantly reduced, which may be an independent predictor of cognitive impairment in VaD patients.

Download Full-text

Decreased Serum NCAM Levels Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Vascular Dementia

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2021/2792884 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Jun Zhao ◽

Wei Lu ◽

Junshan Li ◽

Lei Liu ◽

Xiumin Zhao

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Vascular Dementia ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Formal Education ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

And Control ◽

Moca Score

Objective. Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), a glycoprotein widely distributed in the brain, has recently been shown to regulate neuroplasticity. However, the role of NCAM in vascular dementia (VaD) is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to determine whether NCAM is involved in the course of VaD. Methods. Continuous recruitment of VaD patients and control population to join this study. Doctors or nurses are responsible for collecting their clinical characteristics including age, gender, formal education, heart rate, supine systolic blood pressure, supine diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein. Each participant received the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale after being enrolled in the group. At the same time, their peripheral blood was collected, and their serum NCAM levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. 98 VaD patients and 83 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. There was no significant statistical difference between the VaD group and the control group in terms of the comparison of clinical characteristics ( p > 0.05 ). The MoCA score of VaD patients was significantly lower than that of the controls ( 27.9 ± 1.4 vs. 23.0 ± 2.1 points, p < 0.001 ). In addition, the circulating NCAM level of VaD patients was also significantly lower than that of controls ( 21.7 ± 3.8 vs. 17.6 ± 4.2 ng/mL, p < 0.001 ). The circulating NCAM level of VaD patients was significantly positively correlated with MoCA score ( r = 0.285 , p = 0.026 ). After adjusting for clinical characteristics, circulating NCAM levels are still an independent pathogenic factor of VaD (regression coefficient = 0.223 , p = 0.034 ). Conclusions. VaD patients have low circulating NCAM levels, which can be used as a potential predictor of VaD.

Download Full-text

Effectiveness of POGIL with SSI Context on Vocational High School Students’ Chemistry Learning Motivation

Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia ◽

10.15294/jpii.v7i1.9928 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 85-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

I. B. Yuliastini ◽

S. Rahayu ◽

F. Fajaroh ◽

N. Mansour

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Learning Motivation ◽

Control Group ◽

Vocational High School ◽

Research Subjects ◽

School Students ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

This study aimed to examine the difference of Vocational High School students’ learning motivation after they were taught the topic of the electrolyte solution and redox reaction using POGIL model with SSI context, POGIL, and conventional learning. The research design used was quasi-experiment with the model of pre-test and post-test control group design. The research subjects were three classes with the similar initial ability. The data were obtained using SMTSL motivation questionnaire (r = 0.824) and analyzed using ANCOVA. The research results showed a significant difference in learning motivation between students taught using POGIL with SSI context, POGIL, and conventional learning. The students who were taught using POGIL with SSI context had the highest learning motivation compared to those taught using POGIL and conventional learning.

Download Full-text

PERBEDAAN POLA MAKAN PADA BALITA STUNTING DAN TIDAK STUNTING DI KECAMATAN TEON NILA SERUA (TNS) KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

VISIKES: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.33633/visikes.v20i1.3596 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Trixie Leunupun ◽

Ani Margawati ◽

Annastasia Ediati

Keyword(s):

Child Growth ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Good Energy ◽

The Difference

Stunting is a condition that describes the growth of children due to long-term malnutrition. Stunting according to WHO is based on the index of the body length compared to age (PB/U) or height compared to the age (TB/U) with the Z-score limit of less than-2 SD. The age of toddlers is an age where child growth and development happens very quickly. In that age toddlers often experience health problems especially nutritional problems. Insufficient nutritional intake can cause stunting and can inhibit children's development. Design of observational analytic research with case-control design in toddlers aged 2-3 years. The population of this research is all toddlers who reside in the working area of Puskesmas Layeni subdistrict of Central Maluku district. Sample research is done using the Lameshow formula. The study used the ratio of 1:1 so that the number of research subjects in the case group was equivalent to the number of research subjects in the control group (i.e. 30 children per group), resulting in a total subject of 60 children. Analysis of the data used to see the difference between variables using the chi-square test. Variable dependent events are stunting and independent dietary variables. The results of the chi-square test show that there is no difference between the diet (the level of energy and protein adequacy) in a stunting toddler and not stunting the value (p > 0.05). The conclusion of the diet (adequacy of energy and protein) respectively in the group of cases is not too much of a significant difference. But in the control group more toddlers with good energy and protein adequacy levels. Keywords: toddler, diet, stunting

Download Full-text

Diagnostic value of recombinant heparin-binding hemagglutinin adhesin protein in spinal tuberculosis

Open Medicine ◽

10.1515/med-2020-0017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 114-118

Author(s):

Feifei Pu ◽

Jing Feng ◽

Fei Niu ◽

Ping Xia

Keyword(s):

Spinal Tuberculosis ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Healthy People ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Heparin Binding ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Experimental Group

AbstractBackground and aimTo explore the diagnostic value of recombinant heparin-binding hemagglutinin adhesin (HBHA) protein antigen in spinal tuberculosis.Materials and methodsForty patients with spinal tuberculosis were included in the experimental group and 40 healthy people were included in the control group. Serum IgG antibody expression level was detected with recombinant HBHA protein as the antigen, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection.ResultsPatients with spinal tuberculosis and healthy volunteers were included in this study. A total of 40 eligible patients with spinal tuberculosis were included (24 males and 16 females, aged 18-72 years, with an average age of 41.24 ± 15.74 years). Forty healthy people were included (21 males and 19 females, aged 18-70 years, with an average age of 41.33 ± 12.36 years). On comparing the groups, no significant difference was found in the general data (P >0.05). IgG antibody level in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was significant (P < 0.00001).ConclusionsDetection of serum HBHA protein antibody is of great value in the auxiliary diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis, and high HBHA expression can be used as an indicator for diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis.

Download Full-text

Comparison of azithromycin and erythromycin in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.36.2.1441 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rui Han ◽

Qianqian Yu ◽

Guohui Zhang ◽

Baoqiang Li ◽

Shuzhen Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Reactions ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Control Group ◽

Clinical Effects ◽

Observation Group ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Creative Commons ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mycoplasma Pneumonia ◽

The Difference

Objective: To study and compare the clinical effects of azithromycin and erythromycin on children with mycoplasma pneumonia. Methods: Total 132 children with mycoplasma pneumonia who were admitted to our hospital between November 2017 and September 2018 were selected as the research subjects. All the children were divided into an observation group and a control group according to random number table, 66 each. The observation group was treated with azithromycin, while the control group was treated with erythromycin. The therapeutic effect, incidence of adverse reactions and disappearance time of clinical symptoms were compared between the two groups. Results: The total efficacy of the observation group was 98.04%, and that of the control group was 74.51%; there was a significant difference (X2=7.184, P=0.007). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 15.69%, significantly lower than that in the control group (41.18%) (X2=6.376, P=0.002). The disappearance of fever, cough, rale and X ray shadow of the observation group was significantly earlier than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with erythromycin, azithromycin is more effective in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children. Azithromycin can further shorten the improvement time of clinical symptoms and signs and has few adverse reactions and high safety. It is worth clinical application. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.1441 How to cite this:Han R, Yu Q, Zhang G, Li B, Han S, Li G. Comparison of azithromycin and erythromycin in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.1441 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Download Full-text