scholarly journals Heightened ACE Activity and Unfavorable Consequences in COVID-19 Diabetic Subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Rashi Sandooja ◽  
Naga Venkata Rama Krishna Vura ◽  
Michael Morocco
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Immune Dysregulation ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) can manifest as fever, cough, and shortness of breath and is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Occasionally, these patients may present with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Patients with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension, as well as older age groups, are known to have a more severe disease progression and poor prognosis. In this review article, we attempt to better understand the disease process in diabetics and also discuss potential mechanisms by which diabetes may play a role in disease severity. This includes the effect of diabetes on the immune response and immune dysregulation. The role of diabetes mellitus in molecular processes including augmenting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE 2) levels is also discussed as potential mechanisms to explain the grave prognosis seen in these patients.

scholarly journals Susceptibility/manifestations of different age groups with various comorbidities to COVID-19 infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (35) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albin John ◽  
Freedom Ha ◽  
Mimi Zumwalt
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Virus

The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a great toll on many families. From its rapid spread to debilitating outcomes, the virus has wreaked havoc on healthcare systems around the world. As researchers study this novel virus, the public continues to seek more information on who is the most susceptible and which population will be affected by the more severe manifestations of the disease. As a result, scientists have started analyzing the variable effects of COVID-19 infection in different age groups. While the information is still nascent, these studies demonstrate that no one is immune, that all are susceptible to infection by this virus, and that certain demographics of the general population have more severe disease than others. This literature review examines how COVID-19 has affected different age groups, from neonates to older adults, by exploring statistics, mechanisms, and possible risk factors. This article will also investigate the role of comorbidities in increasing the severity of this viral infection. Key words: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, age, neonates, pregnancy, older adults, mechanism, comorbidities, angiotensin converting enzyme 2

scholarly journals Seasonal Variations of Aneurismal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Subash Kanti Dey ◽  
Shakir Husain ◽  
Lipy Bakshi ◽  
Sukla Dey ◽  
Mithun Kumar Bakshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Definite Diagnosis ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Two Age Groups

Background: Rupture of aneurysm is a vascular events, it is assumed that season exerts an influence in the incidence of rupture of aneurysm. But seasonal variation on the aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage (ASAH) is a subject of controversy. Some previous studies reported that changes in the biometric pressure in different season modulate the occurrence of vascular events. Aims: To evaluate the role of seasons of a year on the onset of aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage (ASAH). Methodology: This is a retrospective study. There were 377 patients with definite diagnosis of ASAH. Patients were evaluated in two age groups of >60 and less than 60. Results: The frequency of ASAH in winter and autumn was 55.4% and spring and summer was 44.6%% respectively. This difference was statistically significant (p>o.o5). The effect of hypertension and diabetes mellitus revealed no influence on subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in our study. Conclusion: There was influence of seasonal variation on the onset of ASAH and which was predominantly during winter and autumn. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2013; Vol. 29 (1) : 15-17

Role of autopsy in COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1517-1523
Author(s):  
Vriti Pursnani ◽  
Amit Reche ◽  
Gaurav Majumdar ◽  
Prerna Gautam ◽  
Kumar Gaurav Chhabra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Body ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Human Waste ◽  
Entire Country ◽  
Indian Scenario

Coronavirus disease 2019 had caused a pandemic leading to over 6M positive cases worldwide out of which 3.73 lac are demised (until when the article was written). Its first outbreak was seen in Wuhan, China. In the Indian scenario, we have a total of 2 lac cases out of which 5,679 have been deceased (until when the article was written). Due to the high transmissibility of this disease, the entire country is under lockdown to prevent the spread of the virus. The main etiology of this virus is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2). This affects the respiratory system leading to cough, shortness of breath, and fever. There have been cases with mild or no symptoms reported, but the cause of death is due to the virus. This helps us understand the diagnosis, epidemiology, symptoms, and pathophysiology about the virus, which can help in treatment modalities. An autopsy is one of the methods by which we can understand the systematic involvement other than the respiratory system. Various pathological, microbiological changes can occur in the other organs. Even though the person is deceased, the virus is highly infectious can cause the spread through body fluids. Proper care must be taken while handling the body and performing the procedure. This review article aims to focus on the autopsy findings found in various cases to study the disease pathophysiology of the SARS-CoV-2. This article also helps us understand the guidelines that have been put forward by WHO and CDC must be followed regarding the specification required in the autopsy room; PPE’s to be worn, human waste and fluid disposal, body transportation. Proper personal hygiene must be maintained while handling the COVID-19 patients; this can lead to less susceptibility of acquiring the disease.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN DIABETES

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa Rajendiran ◽  
Subbulakshmi Packirisamy ◽  
Krishnamoorthy Gunasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Hypoglycemic Activity ◽  
Antioxidants Activity ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

 Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease. Oxidative stress plays a major part in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Supplementation with antioxidants and the medicinal plants which possess antioxidants activity have been reported their hypoglycemic activity. The antioxidants are used to treat and reduce the complication of diabetes mellitus. The diet supplementations of antioxidants vitamins are beneficial in the treatment of diabetes. This review article was summarizing the role of antioxidants in diabetes mellitus.

ACE2 as a potential target for management of novel coronavirus (nCoV- 2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Foroozanfar ◽  
Mohamad Forouzanfar ◽  
Tahereh Farkhondeh ◽  
Saeed Samarghandian ◽  
Fatemeh Forouzanfar
Keyword(s):  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Other ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract:: A novel coronavirus termed nCoV-2019 caused an epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans was first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. nCoV-2019 resulted in thousands of cases of lethal disease all around the world. Unfortunately, there is no specific treatment yet so better understanding of the pathobiology of the disease can be helpful. The renin–angiotensin system and their products has several important physiological actions, On the other hand, this system involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. In this context, this review article will briefly insights for understanding the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor as a potential attractive target for nCoV-2019- induced acute respiratory syndrome.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and HIV

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Alzate Angel ◽  
Ernesto Martínez-Buitrago ◽  
María Paulina Posada-Vergara
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Existing Data

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the main risk factors associated with the progression to severe disease or death have been typically advanced age, diabetes mellitus, obesity, high blood pressure, heart disease, and chronic pneumopathy. Because of their immunosuppression status, persons with HIV were also expected to have a higher susceptibility to infection or a poor clinical evolution. So far, this has not been confirmed to happen, giving way to hypotheses about the role of immunosuppression or the use of antiretrovirals, which could explain this paradox. In this article we present the existing data on the epidemiology and characteristics of HIV-COVID-19 co-infection, discuss the available evidence on the possible factors involved in the evolution of individuals affected by both viruses, analyze other determinants that may negatively affect persons with HIV during the pandemic, and present recommendations for the prevention and care of COVID-19 infection in the context of HIV.

scholarly journals Potential Of Sambung Nyawa Leaves (Gynura Procumbens) As An Antidiabetic Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Mustofa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Antidiabetic Therapy ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by an increase in blood sugardue to defects in insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, or both. The number ofpeople with diabetes mellitus in Indonesia has increased every year. The numberof people with diabetes is 6.9% in 2013 to 10.9% in 2018. Various therapies have beencarried out for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus, one of which is herbal therapy.Gynura Procumbens is a plant that is widely used as a treatment for diabetes mellitus,kidney, rash and fever, and hypertension. The flavonoid content in GynuraProcumben replaces the decrease in blood sugar. This review article attempts toexplain the role of Gynura Procumbens as an antidiabetic therapy in previous studies.The method used in this article is through searching articles through the NCBIdatabase and Google Scholar. The results of an article search found that GynuraProcumben has antidiabetic potential which can reduce blood sugar in patients withDiabetes Mellitus

scholarly journals Pulmonary fibrosis associated with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 492-496
Author(s):  
N.A. Kuzubova ◽  
◽  
O.N. Titova ◽  
E.S. Lebedeva ◽  
E.V. Volchkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Immune Dysregulation ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Important Research Area ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Complications And Mortality

An analysis of scientific publications based on the study results conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic indicates a possible risk of pulmonary fibrosis or progression of existing interstitial lung disease with the pulmonary fibrosis development in patients with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A fibrous histological pattern was detected in about 22% of COVID-19 cases, starting from the third week of the disease. The molecular basis of the pulmonary fibrosis progression after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus remains unclear, but it is considered multifactorial, including direct viral effects, immune dysregulation, cytokine storm and increased oxidative stress. The question needs to be answered why a certain part of patients undergo a transition to uncontrolled cell proliferation with the accumulation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, excessive deposition of collagen and extracellular matrix, which leads to progressive pulmonary fibrosis, a more severe disease course and increases the risk of severe complications and mortality. There is no regulated therapeutic approach to the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis associated with a new coronavirus infection. Along with the approved antifibrotics for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nintedanib and pirfenidone, new means of preventing the fibrosis process are being investigated. An important research area is a search for biomarkers for early identification of patients with a high risk of severe COVID-19, burdened by the development of interstitial fibrotic lung lesions. KEYWORDS: pulmonary fibrosis, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, pneumonia, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, immune dysregulation, antifibrotics. FOR CITATION: Kuzubova N.A., Titova O.N., Lebedeva E.S., Volchkova E.V. Pulmonary fibrosis associated with COVID-19. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(7):492–496 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-7-492-496.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document