scholarly journals Antioxidant Effects of Protocatechuic Acid and Protocatechuic Aldehyde: Old Wine in a New Bottle

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Shijun Zhang ◽  
Zhibo Gai ◽  
Ting Gui ◽  
Juanli Chen ◽  
Qingfa Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Protocatechuic Aldehyde

Phenolic compounds are naturally present as secondary metabolites in plant-based sources such as fruits, vegetables, and spices. They have received considerable attention for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties for protection against many chronic disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. They are categorized into various groups based on their chemical structure and include phenolic acids, flavonoids, curcumins, tannins, and quinolones. Their structural variations contribute to their specific beneficial effects on human health. The antioxidant property of phenolic compounds protects against oxidative stress by up-regulation of endogenous antioxidants, scavenging free radicals, and anti-apoptotic activity. Protocatechuic acid (PCA; 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid) and protocatechuic aldehyde (PAL; 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde) are naturally occurring polyphenols found in vegetables, fruits, and herbs. PCA and PAL are the primary metabolites of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, which have been shown to possess pharmacological actions including antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. This review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of PCA and PAL by comprehensively summarizing their pharmacological properties reported to date, with an emphasis on their mechanisms of action and biological properties.

scholarly journals Targeting necroptosis as therapeutic potential in chronic myocardial infarction

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanon Piamsiri ◽  
Chayodom Maneechote ◽  
Natthaphat Siri-Angkul ◽  
Siriporn C. Chattipakorn ◽  
Nipon Chattipakorn
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Coronary Perfusion ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cell Death Pathways ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Of these, myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common cause of CVD mortality. MI is a life-threatening condition which occurs when coronary perfusion is interrupted leading to cardiomyocyte death. Subsequent to MI, consequences include adverse cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction mainly contribute to the development of heart failure (HF). It has been shown that loss of functional cardiomyocytes in MI-induced HF are associated with several cell death pathways, in particular necroptosis. Although the entire mechanism underlying necroptosis in MI progression is still not widely recognized, some recent studies have reported beneficial effects of necroptosis inhibitors on cell viability and cardiac function in chronic MI models. Therefore, extensive investigation into the necroptosis signaling pathway is indicated for further study. This article comprehensively reviews the context of the underlying mechanisms of necroptosis in chronic MI-induced HF in in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. These findings could inform ways of developing novel therapeutic strategies to improve the clinical outcomes in MI patients from this point forward.

Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.): focus on nutraceutical aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Nazhand ◽  
Alessandra Durazzo ◽  
Massimo Lucarini ◽  
Amelia M. Silva ◽  
Selma B. Souto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Uncaria Tomentosa ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Health Promoting

: Medicinal plants have been globally exploiting as an alternative to chemical drugs in the treatment of several diseases due to low unwanted side effects, environmentally friendly nature and low production costs, therefore, it is important to analyze the therapeutic properties of various medicinal plants to understand their potential bioactivity. Uncaria tomentosa is one of these medicinal plants with many health-promoting effects. Although the geographical resources of cat's claw go back to the remote tropics of the Amazon, industrialized countries use the plant extensively in trade. Various parts of the plants such as flowers, leaves, Stem, hook, and seed are mainly used medicinally to treat inflammation, asthma, allergies, skin impurities, microbial infections, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cirrhosis, gastrointestinal disorders, arthritis, heart disease, rheumatism, and fever. The end point of this review article is to prospectively scrutinize in vitro and in vivo the therapeutic potential of this plant, especially in terms of its nutritional applications and health beneficial effects.

scholarly journals Pleiotropic Biological Effects of Dietary Phenolic Compounds and their Metabolites on Energy Metabolism, Inflammation and Aging

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Villegas-Aguilar ◽  
Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa ◽  
María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea ◽  
Sandra Pimentel-Moral ◽  
Jesús Lozano-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence

Dietary phenolic compounds are considered as bioactive compounds that have effects in different chronic disorders related to oxidative stress, inflammation process, or aging. These compounds, coming from a wide range of natural sources, have shown a pleiotropic behavior on key proteins that act as regulators. In this sense, this review aims to compile information on the effect exerted by the phenolic compounds and their metabolites on the main metabolic pathways involved in energy metabolism, inflammatory response, aging and their relationship with the biological properties reported in high prevalence chronic diseases. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated their pleiotropic molecular mechanisms of action and these findings raise the possibility that phenolic compounds have a wide variety of roles in different targets.

scholarly journals The phenolic compounds of olive oil: structure, biological activity and beneficial effects on human health

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Tripoli ◽  
Marco Giammanco ◽  
Garden Tabacchi ◽  
Danila Di Majo ◽  
Santo Giammanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Mediterranean

AbstractThe Mediterranean diet is rich in vegetables, cereals, fruit, fish, milk, wine and olive oil and has salutary biological functions. Epidemiological studies have shown a lower incidence of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases and certain kinds of cancer in the Mediterranean area. Olive oil is the main source of fat, and the Mediterranean diet's healthy effects can in particular be attributed not only to the high relationship between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids in olive oil but also to the antioxidant property of its phenolic compounds. The main phenolic compounds, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein, which give extra-virgin olive oil its bitter, pungent taste, have powerful antioxidant activity bothin vivoandin vitro. The present review focuses on recent works analysing the relationship between the structure of olive oil polyphenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity. These compounds' possible beneficial effects are due to their antioxidant activity, which is related to the development of atherosclerosis and cancer, and to anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity.

Reduction of chronic allograft nephropathy by inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 signaling

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (3) ◽  
pp. F672-F679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Wang ◽  
Jifu Jiang ◽  
Qiunong Guan ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Christopher Y. C. Nguan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Mek Inhibitor ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Chronic Allograft Nephropathy ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Vehicle Treated Group

Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN), the most common cause of late kidney allograft failure, is not effectively prevented by immunosuppressive regimens. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) via MEK mediates actions of various growth factors, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, which plays a key role in CAN. Hence, we tested the therapeutic potential of MEK-ERK1/2 signaling disruption to prevent CAN. Kidneys from C57BL/6J (H-2b) mice were transplanted to bilaterally nephrectomized BALB/c (H-2d) mice. At 14 days after transplantation, the recipients were subjected to 28 days of treatment with the MEK inhibitor CI-1040. All six CI-1040-treated allografts survived, while two of seven grafts in the vehicle-treated group were lost. At the end of the experiment, the function and structure of grafts in the CI-1040-treated group were significantly preserved, as indicated by lower levels of serum creatinine or blood urea nitrogen than in the vehicle-treated group [30 ± 6 vs. 94 ± 39 μM creatinine ( P = 0.0015) and 22 ± 8 vs. 56 ± 25 mM BUN ( P = 0.0054)] and reduced CAN in the CI-1040-treated group compared with vehicle controls (CAN score = 4.2 vs. 10.3, P = 0.0119). The beneficial effects induced by CI-1040 were associated with reduction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and TGFβ1 levels in grafts. Also, CI-1040 potently suppressed not only TGFβ biosynthesis in kidney cell cultures but also antiallograft immune responses in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggest that interference of MEK-ERK1/2 signaling with a pharmacological agent (e.g., CI-1040) has therapeutic potential to prevent CAN in kidney transplantation.

scholarly journals TSPAN7 Exerts Anti-Tumor Effects in Bladder Cancer Through the PTEN/PI3K/AKT Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Yu ◽  
Shenglan Li ◽  
Mingrui Pang ◽  
Yang Du ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Akt Pathway ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Potential Marker

The tetraspanin protein superfamily participate in the dynamic regulation of cellular membrane compartments expressed in a variety of tumor types, which may alter the biological properties of cancer cells such as cell development, activation, growth and motility. The role of tetraspanin 7 (TSPAN7) has never been investigated in bladder cancer (BCa). In this study, we aimed to investigate the biological function of TSPAN7 and its therapeutic potential in human BCa. First, via reverse transcription and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), we observed downregulation of TSPAN7 in BCa tissues samples and cell lines and found that this downregulation was associated with a relatively high tumor stage and tumor grade. Low expression of TSPAN7 was significantly correlated with a much poorer prognosis for BCa patients than was high expression. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed that low TSPAN7 expression was a high-risk predictor of BCa patient overall survival. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of TSPAN7 on the proliferation and migration of BCa cell lines were detected by CCK-8, wound-healing, colony formation and transwell assays in vitro. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that TSPAN7 induced BCa cell lines apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In vivo, tumor growth in nude mice bearing tumor xenografts could be obviously affected by overexpression of TSPAN7. Western blotting showed that overexpression of TSPAN7 activated Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and PTEN but inactivated Bcl-2, p-PI3K, and p-AKT to inhibit BCa cell growth via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Taken together, our study will help identify a potential marker for BCa diagnosis and supply a target molecule for BCa treatment.

scholarly journals Pharmacological and Therapeutic Potential of Myristicin: A Literature Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5914
Author(s):  
Elisa Frederico Seneme ◽  
Daiane Carla dos Santos ◽  
Evelyn Marcela Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Yollanda Edwirges Moreira Franco ◽  
Giovanna Barbarini Longato
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Review Article ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Asian Continent ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Natural products have been used by humanity for many centuries to treat various illnesses and with the advancement of technology, it became possible to isolate the substances responsible for the beneficial effects of these products, as well as to understand their mechanisms. In this context, myristicin, a substance of natural origin, has shown several promising activities in a large number of in vitro and in vivo studies carried out. This molecule is found in plants such as nutmeg, parsley, carrots, peppers, and several species endemic to the Asian continent. The purpose of this review article is to discuss data published in the last 10 years at Pubmed, Lilacs and Scielo databases, reporting beneficial effects, toxicity and promising data of myristicin for its future use in medicine. From 94 articles found in the literature, 68 were included. Exclusion criteria took into account articles whose tested extracts did not have myristicin as one of the major compounds.

Phenolic Compounds in Prevention and Treatment of Skin Cancers: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Gado ◽  
Maria Digiacomo ◽  
Jasmine Esposito Salsano ◽  
Marco Macchia ◽  
Clementina Manera
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antitumor Action ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Non Melanoma Skin Cancer

: Several clinical studies have shown that exposure of skin to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes adverse effects, such as inflammation, oxidative stress and DNA damage. As a result, different skin disorders can arise among which skin cancer, including non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and melanoma (MM). Phenolic compounds are plant-derived secondary metabolites with a well-known antioxidant activity, able to counteract the negative effects of UV radiation. In this review we discuss the effects of some selected phenols on NMSC and MM, demonstrating that they can be useful in the prevention and in the treatment of these types of tumors. Moreover, we report the mechanisms by which these phenols carry out their antitumor action. In vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted that many phenols are capable of inducing photoprotection, apoptosis and autophagy. They can also reduce DNA methylation, tumorigenesis, tumor incidence and proliferation. Moreover, we describe some examples of plant extracts, whose anticancer activity appears to be better than that of single phenols. A great concordance of results emerged, despite the differences in experimental methods. Therefore, the knowledge compiled here could provide the basis for conducing some well-organized clinical trials to validate the chemopreventive and the therapeutic potential of some phenolic compounds in patients with NMSC and MM.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Organosulfur Compounds from Allium cepa on Gut Health: A Systematic Review

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1680
Author(s):  
Enrique Guillamón ◽  
Pedro Andreo-Martínez ◽  
Nuria Mut-Salud ◽  
Juristo Fonollá ◽  
Alberto Baños
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Dietary changes affect the composition and structure of gut microbiota (GM) in animals and humans. One of the beneficial effects of consuming products derived from plants is the positive influence on immunity and gastrointestinal health. Species belonging to the genus Allium contain many organosulfur compounds (OSCs) that have been widely studied showing their biological properties and beneficial effects on intestinal health and GM. This is the first systematic review of OSCs from Allium performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and it is based on the evidence that we found in literature about the benefits on the GM and intestinal health demonstrated by OSCs from Allium, and specifically from onion. OSCs from Allium cepa have shown a significant antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the intake of OSCs from onion was able to modulate the composition of GM, increasing the beneficial bacterial populations in animal models. Moreover, the beneficial effects observed in murine models of colitis suggest that these compounds could be suitable candidates for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or reverse the dysbiosis caused by a high-fat diet (HFD). Despite the evidence found both in vitro and in vivo, we have not found any article that tested OSCs different from allicin in clinical trials or dietary intervention studies in humans. In this sense, it would be interesting to conduct new research that tests the benefits of these compounds in human GM.

scholarly journals Pharmacological properties of fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium L.) and bioavailability of ellagitannins. A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
Mariola Dreger ◽  
Artur Adamczak ◽  
Katarzyna Seidler-Łożykowska ◽  
Karolina Wielgus
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Epilobium Angustifolium ◽  
The Individual

SummaryFireweed (Epilobium angustifolium L.) is a well-known medicinal plant traditionally used in the treatment of urogenital diseases, stomach and liver disorders, skin problems, etc. E. angustifolium extracts show anti-androgenic, antiproliferative, cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial activities. The unique combination of biological properties demonstrated by the results of some studies indicates that fireweed has a positive effect in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and potentially in the prostate cancer chemoprevention. However, the efficacy of E. angustifolium phytotherapy is still poorly tested in clinical trials, while numerous beneficial effects of extracts have been documented in the in vitro and in vivo tests. Fireweed is rich in polyphenolic compounds, particularly ellagitannins. Currently, polyphenols are considered to be modulators of beneficial gut microbiota. The literature data support the use of ellagitannins in the prostate cancer chemoprevention, but caution is advised due to the highly variable production of urolithins by the individual microbiota. A better understanding of the microbiota’s role and the mechanisms of its action are crucial for an optimal therapeutic effect. This paper aims to summarize and discuss experimental data concerning pharmacological properties of E. angustifolium and bioavailability of ellagitannins – important bioactive compounds of this plant.

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