scholarly journals Mechanism of Neonatal Intestinal Injury Induced by Hyperoxia Therapy

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tian-Ming Li ◽  
Dong-Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tract Damage

High concentration oxygen is widely used in the treatment of neonates, which has a significant effect on improving blood oxygen concentration in neonates with respiratory distress. The adverse effects of hyperoxia therapy on the lung, retina, and neurodevelopment of newborns have been extensively studied, but less attention has been paid to intestinal damage caused by hyperoxia therapy. In this review, we focus on the physical, immune, and microorganism barriers of the intestinal tract and discuss neonatal intestinal tract damage caused by hyperoxia therapy and analyze the molecular mechanism of intestinal damage caused by hyperoxia in combination with necrotizing enterocolitis.

Obestatin Reduces Intestinal Damage in Experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Newborn Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1179-1187
Author(s):  
Sabriye Korkut ◽  
Ahmet Özdemir ◽  
Arzu Hanım Yay ◽  
Betül Yalçın ◽  
Mahir Ceylan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Macroscopic Appearance ◽  
Biochemical Examination

Objective To investigate the effect of pretreatment with obestatin (OB), an endogenous hormone also found in mother's milk, in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Study Design Pups were randomized into four groups: control, OB-control, NEC, and OB-NEC. NEC was induced by asphyxia and hypothermia in the NEC and OB-NEC groups. OB was administered to the OB-control and OB-NEC groups. Macroscopic scoring of the intestinal tract was evaluated and tissue samples were obtained for histopathological and biochemical examination on the fourth day. Results OB improved the macroscopic appearance of the gut and the clinical score during the experiment (p  <  0.05). The rate of occurrence of NEC in the OB-NEC group was lower than the NEC group (p  =  0.001). OB prevented necrosis and reduced the number of apoptotic cells in the OB-NEC group compared with the NEC group (p  =  0.006). Furthermore, interleukin-6 and malondialdehyde levels in the OB-NEC group were lower than the NEC group (p  <  0.05). Conclusion OB reduced intestinal damage and prevented necrosis through anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects in experimental NEC. This effect of OB should be confirmed in clinical studies. Furthermore, future research should investigate whether OB plays a role in NEC pathogenesis or NEC is associated with OB levels in the serum and in breast milk.

Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum in Infants With ldiopathic Respiratory Distress Syndrome Receiving Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-496
Author(s):  
Robert T. Hall ◽  
Philip G. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Idiopathic Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Inspired Oxygen

A review of infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome developing pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax reveals (1) an incidence of 20% in patients receiving CPAP with an 11% incidence in comparable infants not receiving this mode of therapy; (2) in the CAPA-treated group the occurrence was at a stage in the illness when the inspired oxygen concentration was being lowered and when ventilation was stable; (3) the inspired oxygen concentration in the CPAP group at the time of the PM and/or PT was 52% (± S.D. 15%) at a mean age of 33 hours (± S.D. 23 hr). These observations suggest that distending airway pressure creates excessive alveolar distention as an underlying mechanism of the air leak. It is recommended that distending airway pressure be lowered prior to achieving an inspired oxygen concentration of 60%. A controlled study is in progress to delineate the optimum distending airway pressures at specific inspired oxygen concentrations in order to reduce the incidence of alveolar rupture to a minimum.

scholarly journals Zooplankton fluctuations in Jurumirim Reservoir (São Paulo, Brazil): a three-year study

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
LP. Sartori ◽  
MG. Nogueira ◽  
R. Henry ◽  
EM. Moretto
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Low Oxygen Concentration

During three consecutive years, monthly samples of zooplankton were taken in the lacustrine (dam) zone of Jurumirim (São Paulo, Brazil). The seasonal effect on basic limnological features (thermal regime, oxygen distribution, phytoplankton biomass, etc.) was also examined. The influence of the seasonality on the fluctuation of the zooplankton composition and abundance was not clearly detected (low degree of recurrent patterns). Rotifers (32 taxa) were the most abundant organisms during almost the entire study period with some seasonal alternations in the maximum abundance peaks of the main taxa (Conochilus unicornis, Keratella americana, K. cochlearis and Hexarthra spp.), except for Polyarthra (mainly P. vulgaris). Only occasionally copepods were numerically dominant. Higher copepod abundance was positively associated to periods of increase in the water retention time. Among the Copepoda (10 taxa) the calanoids (mainly Notodiaptomus iheringi) were more abundant, especially in warmer periods. Conversely, cyclopoids had higher abundance in autumn and winter. The species Thermocyclops minutus and T. decipiens co-occurred, but the first attained higher abundance. Some evidence of co-existence strategies between both species are considered. Cladocera (17 taxa) was never numerically dominant and the main taxa (Bosmina spp., Ceriodaphnia spp. and Diaphanosoma spp.) occurred almost the whole study period and did not present a seasonal pattern of fluctuation. Diaphanosoma (mainly D. birgei) attained the highest abundance among cladocerans. Most organisms were always found at the surface, but they also occupy the whole water column, even in periods of stratified conditions and low oxygen concentration in the bottom layers. Among the main zooplanktonic taxa, only Hexarthra avoids deep layers. An exceptionally high concentration of Copepoda nauplii on the surface was influenced by low transparency, high concentration of phytoplankton at this layer and low oxygen concentration at the bottom. In periods of higher retention timevariability there was a more heterogeneous distribution of the zooplankton in the water column. The increase in the retention time seems also to favor the copepod development. Finally, some inter-decade changes are considered on the basis of zooplankton assemblage structure observations.

scholarly journals Automatic Oxygen Delivery System for Premature Babies

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thao P. Do ◽  
Lindsey J. Eubank ◽  
Devin S. Coulter ◽  
John M. Freihaut ◽  
Carlos E. Guevara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Pulse Oximeter ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Saturation Level ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Oxygen Saturation Level

When an infant is born prematurely, there are a number of health risks. Among these are underdeveloped lungs, which can lead to abnormal gas exchange of oxygen or hypoxemia. Hypoxemia is treated through oxygen therapy, which involves the delivery of supplemental oxygen to the patient but there are risks associated with this method. Risks include retinopathy, which can cause eye damage when oxygen concentration is too high, and brain damage, when the concentration is too low [1]. Supplemental oxygen concentration must be controlled rigorously. Currently healthcare staff monitors infants’ blood oxygen saturation level using a pulse oximeter. They manually adjust the oxygen concentration using an air-oxygen blender. Inconsistent manual adjustments can produce excessive fluctuations and cause the actual oxygen saturation level to deviate from the target value. Precision and accuracy are compromised. This project develops an automatic oxygen delivery system that regulates the supplemental oxygen concentration to obtain a target blood oxygen saturation level. A microprocessor uses a LABVIEW® program to analyze pulse oximeter and analyzer readings and control electronic valves in a redesigned air-oxygen blender. A user panel receives a target saturation level, displays patient data, and signals alarms when necessary. The prototype construction and testing began February 2010.

Symptom-specific differential motor network modulation by deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
William S. Gibson ◽  
Aaron E. Rusheen ◽  
Yoonbae Oh ◽  
Myung-Ho In ◽  
Krzysztof R. Gorny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Level ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Deep Brain

OBJECTIVE Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an established neurosurgical treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). While often highly effective, DBS does not always yield optimal therapeutic outcomes, and stimulation-induced adverse effects, including paresthesia, muscle contractions, and nausea/lightheadedness, commonly occur and can limit the efficacy of stimulation. Currently, objective metrics do not exist for monitoring neural changes associated with stimulation-induced therapeutic and adverse effects. METHODS In the present study, the authors combined intraoperative functional MRI (fMRI) with STN DBS in 20 patients with PD to test the hypothesis that stimulation-induced blood oxygen level–dependent signals contained predictive information concerning the therapeutic and adverse effects of stimulation. RESULTS As expected, DBS resulted in blood oxygen level–dependent activation in myriad motor regions, including the primary motor cortex, caudate, putamen, thalamus, midbrain, and cerebellum. Across the patients, DBS-induced improvements in contralateral Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale tremor subscores correlated with activation of thalamic, brainstem, and cerebellar regions. In addition, improvements in rigidity and bradykinesia subscores correlated with activation of the primary motor cortex. Finally, activation of specific sensorimotor-related subregions correlated with the presence of DBS-induced adverse effects, including paresthesia and nausea (cerebellar cortex, sensorimotor cortex) and unwanted muscle contractions (caudate and putamen). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that DBS-induced activation patterns revealed by fMRI contain predictive information with respect to the therapeutic and adverse effects of DBS. The use of fMRI in combination with DBS therefore may hold translational potential to guide and improve clinical stimulator optimization in patients.

2 PLACENTAL-DERIVED STEM CELLS AMELIORATE INTESTINAL DAMAGE AND CELL DYSREGULATION IN EXPERIMENTAL NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. S-1
Author(s):  
Victoria G. Weis ◽  
Anna C. Deal ◽  
Gehad Mekky ◽  
Cara Clouse ◽  
Michaela Gaffley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Intestinal Damage

scholarly journals The changes in biomarkers for necrotising enterocolitis in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 440-447
Author(s):  
R Yildiz ◽  
M Ok ◽  
M Ider ◽  
A Akar ◽  
A Naseri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Necrotising Enterocolitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Group A ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

The aim of this study was to determine the changes of the biomarkers used for the diagnosis of necrotising enterocolitis of human neonates in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Novel biomarkers including the intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP), the liver-type FABP (LFABP), trefoil factor-3 (TFF3), actin gamma 2 smooth muscle (ACTG2), and Claudin-3 were investigated using bovine specific ELISA kits. Thirty premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome (the RDS group), seven premature calves without RDS (the non-RDS group), and seven healthy calves (control) were included in the study. Blood samples from all the groups were taken at 0 and 48 h for the blood gas and biomarker measurement. It was determined that IFABP (P &lt; 0.05), LFABP (P &lt; 0.05), TFF3 (P &lt; 0.05), ACTG2 (P &lt; 0.05), and Claudin-3 (P &lt; 0.05) in the control group were significantly higher than those in the RDS and non-RDS groups at 0 hour. The LFABP and Claudin-3 concentrations in the control group were statistically higher (P &lt; 0.05) than those in the RDS and non-RDS groups at 48 h, whereas the ACTG2 and TFF3 contents were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) than the non-RDS group. A significant increase in the contents of IFABP (P ≤ 0.01), LFABP (P &lt; 0.05), TFF3 (P &lt; 0.05), ACTG2 (P &lt; 0.05) at 48 h was detected in the RDS group only. In conclusion, the changes in the biomarkers support the suspicion of intestinal damage such as necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) after enteral feeding in premature calves with RDS. Intestinal damage biomarkers such as IFABP, LFABP, TFF3, and ACTG2 may be useful in the diagnosis of intestinal damage in premature calves. These results also indicate that the plasma concentrations of the intestinal biomarkers change in new born calves with their gestational age.

scholarly journals Remote ischemic conditioning counteracts the intestinal damage of necrotizing enterocolitis by improving intestinal microcirculation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhki Koike ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Niloofar Ganji ◽  
Haitao Zhu ◽  
Hiromu Miyake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Remote Ischemic Conditioning ◽  
Ischemic Conditioning ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Intestinal Microcirculation ◽  
Promising Tool

Abstract Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease of premature infants with high mortality rate, indicating the need for precision treatment. NEC is characterized by intestinal inflammation and ischemia, as well derangements in intestinal microcirculation. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has emerged as a promising tool in protecting distant organs against ischemia-induced damage. However, the effectiveness of RIC against NEC is unknown. To address this gap, we aimed to determine the efficacy and mechanism of action of RIC in experimental NEC. NEC was induced in mouse pups between postnatal day (P) 5 and 9. RIC was applied through intermittent occlusion of hind limb blood flow. RIC, when administered in the early stages of disease progression, decreases intestinal injury and prolongs survival. The mechanism of action of RIC involves increasing intestinal perfusion through vasodilation mediated by nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide. RIC is a viable and non-invasive treatment strategy for NEC.

scholarly journals Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Hepatotoxicity Associated with Single Dose Nitrofurantoin Use

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokhan Sargın ◽  
Osman Elbek ◽  
Cem Balantekin ◽  
İbrahim Meteoglu ◽  
Nil Culhacı
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Tract Infections

Nitrofurantoin is a synthetic nitrofuran compound. It is generally used in urinary tract infections, either alone or in combination with other antibiotics. A number of adverse effects may develop in different body systems during nitrofurantoin treatment; however, concomitant pulmonary and hepatotoxicity are rare. In this paper, we present a case of acute respiratory distress syndrome and hepatotoxicity following administration of a single dose of nitrofurantoin.

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