scholarly journals Diabetes Risk among Medical Students in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Hyder Osman Mirghani ◽  
Abdelmoneum Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Diabetes risk estimation is essential for the implementation of preventive measures. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> We aimed to assess the diabetes risk among medical students in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This cross-sectional study was conducted among 169 medical students in the Medical College, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, from October 2017 to April 2018. Participants signed a written informed consent and then responded to a questionnaire modified from the Finnish and the ARABRISK diabetes score. The questionnaire consisted of eight components inquiring about age, BMI, central adiposity, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity if found to have high blood pressure or blood sugar, and family history of diabetes mellitus. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Out of 169 students (68% with a family history of diabetes), obesity and overweight were found in 21.3 and 26.6%, respectively, 45.6% had central adiposity, more than half were not practicing exercise daily, and 60.4% were not consuming fruits and vegetables daily. A significant percentage was found to have high blood sugar (9.5%) and high blood pressure (4.7%). The diabetes risk score was high or moderate in 16% of the students. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Medical students in Tabuk City were at high risk for diabetes mellitus. Obesity, overweight, central adiposity, physical inactivity, and less consumption of fruits and vegetables substantially contributed to the risk. Measures to prevent obesity, improving fruit and vegetable consumption, and exercise are needed.

scholarly journals Perbedaan konsumsi buah dan sayur pada anak sekolah dasar yang obes dan tidak obes di Kota Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten Bantul

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Nuraeni ◽  
Hamam Hadi ◽  
Yhona Paratmanitya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Obese Children

ABSTRACT<br /><br />Background: Curently, Indonesia has double burden problems nutrition, such as malnutrition and over nutrition. Overnutrition or obesity are not just happening in adults only, but also can occur in childhood. If the problem of obesity in children and adolescents cannot be resolved, it can be infl uenced obese in adulthood then potentially to have noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Prevalence of obesity in<br />children at Yogyakarta Province increases year by year (1;2). Obesity was caused by an imbalance in energy intake and<br />energy expenditure. Children tend to consume high energy-dense, sweet  taste meal, high fat foods and less dietary fiber from fruits and vegetables. Several studies showed that there was increasing in risk of obesity from someone who have less consumption of fruits and vegetables.<br /><br />Objective:<br />To determine differences in frequency and amount of fruit and vegetable consumption in elementary school children obese and non-obese at Yogyakarta Municipality and  District of Bantul and to find out the risk of obesity in children who have less consumption of fruits and vegetables. <br /><br />Methods:<br />The study design was a case-control, 244 samples as cases (obese children) and 244 controls (non-obesechildren). The subject of this study was children aged 6-12 years who were seated in class 1 to class 5 elementary schools at Yogyakarta Municipality and District of Bantul. Identity data obtained from a structured questionnaire respondent, frequency and amount of fruit and vegetable consumption were taken from Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questioner(SQFFQ).Then the results analyzed using statistical test.<br /><br />Results: <br />Statistical test showed that there were significant differences (p&lt;0,05) in the frequency and number of fruit and vegetable consumption in obese and non-obese elementary school children at Yogyakarta Municipality and District of Bantul. Multivariate analysis after controlled by gender and energy intake, showed that obese  children who rarely consuming fruits (&lt;7 times/week) (OR=2,24, 95%CI: 1.53-3.28), rarely consuming vegetables (&lt;7 times/week) (OR=2,52, 95%CI: 1,70-3,73), and consuming fruits and vegetables less than 5 servings/day (equivalent to 400 g/day) (OR= 4,59, 95%CI:2,11-10,00) were greater risk for being obesity.<br /><br />Conclusion:<br />Obese children had rarely and less consume of fruits and vegetables than that did in non-obese children at Yogyakarta Municipality and District of Bantul. The children rarely and less consuming fruits and vegetables increased the risk of obesity.<br /><br />KEYWORDS: children obesity, vegetable, fruit<br /><br />ABSTRAK<br /><br />Latar Belakang: Indonesia saat ini mengalami masalah gizi ganda, yaitu masalah gizi kurang dan gizi lebih. Kelebihan  gizi atau obesitas pada anak dan remaja apabila tidak diatasi maka berdampak menjadi obesitas pada masa dewasa yang berpotensi mengalami penyakit tidak menular, seperti jantung, hipertensi dan diabetes mellitus. Prevalensi obesitas pada anak di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun (1; 2). Obesitas disebabkan ketidakseimbangan antara masukan dengan keluaran energi. Anak cenderung mengkonsumsi padat energi yang berasa manis dan berlemak tinggi serta makanan kurang serat dari buah dan sayur. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan risiko obesitas pada orang yang kurang konsumsi buah dan sayur.<br /><br />Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perbedaan frekuensi dan jumlah konsumsi buah dan sayur pada anak SD obes dan tidak obes di Kota Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten Bantul serta peran konsumsi buah dan sayur terhadap kejadian obesitas. <br /><br />Metode: Rancangan penelitian ini adalah case-control, 244 kasus (anak obes) dan 244 kontrol (anak tidak obes). Subjek penelitian adalah anak usia 6-12 tahun yang duduk di kelas 1 hingga kelas 5 sekolah dasar di Kota Yogyakarta dan di Kabupaten Bantul. Data identitas diperoleh dari kuesioner terstruktur, sedangkan data frekuensi dan jumlah konsumsi buah dan sayur diperoleh dari semikuantitatif FFQ. Hasilnya kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik.<br /><br />Hasil: Pada anak SD obes dan tidak obes di Kota Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten Bantul terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan(p&lt;0,05) dalam frekuensi dan jumlah konsumsi buah dan sayur. Hasil analisis multivariat setelah dikontrol dengan jenis kelamin dan asupan energi menunjukkan bahwa anak SD obes yang mengkonsumsi buah jarang (&lt; 7 kali/minggu) (OR=2,24, 95%CI:1,53-3,28), frekuensi konsumsi sayur jarang (&lt;7 kali/minggu) (OR=2,52, 95%CI: 1,70-3,73), jumlah konsumsi buah dan sayur kurang dari 5 porsi/hari atau setara dengan 400 gr/hari (OR=4,59, 95%CI: 2,11-10,00) berisiko lebih besar untuk terjadinya obesitas. <br /><br />Kesimpulan: Anak SD yang obes lebih jarang dan lebih sedikit mengkonsumsi buah dan sayur dibandingkan dengan anak SD yang tidak obes di Kota Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten Bantul. Anak yang jarang dan sedikit mengkonsumsi buah dan sayur dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya obesitas.<br /><br />KATA KUNCI: obesitas anak, sayur, buah

scholarly journals Assessing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus among medical students in Chennai using Indian diabetes risk score

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2366
Author(s):  
Gopalakrishnan S. ◽  
Rama R. ◽  
Muthulakshmi M.
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diabetes Risk Score

Background: Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] is becoming alarmingly high among younger age groups impacting on their physical, mental, social and academic wellbeing and therefore warrants early detection and prevention. The Indian diabetes risk score [IDRS] is an efficient screening tool to detect the high risk individuals at an early stage. Objective of this study is to assess the level of risk of developing T2DM among medical students using the IDRS.Methods: This cross sectional study was done using the MDRF-IDR Score to identify the ‘at risk’ medical students. Simple random sampling was used and data collected from among the 251 willing students. Their risk score was calculated using a structured questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS Ver.15 software.Results: This study shows that about 57.4% are moderately at risk and 2% are at high risk for developing diabetes mellitus. About 86.1% medical students belonged to nuclear family, 42.6% had family history of diabetes mellitus, 76.5% carried out moderate physical activity and 50.2% were overweight / obese. Family history of diabetes, lack of physical activity and overweight / obesity were found to be potential risk factors for developing diabetes mellitus (p<0.0001).Conclusions: This study reveals that in the existing urban lifestyle, adolescents and youths are highly vulnerable to diabetes mellitus. Primordial and primary prevention are the most effective preventive measure and therefore, appropriate and stringent lifestyle modifications need to be implemented in order to minimize the risk of developing the disease later in life.

scholarly journals Sweet Taste Threshold among Medical Students with Family History of Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasya Aisah Latif ◽  
Yulia Sofiatin ◽  
Maya Kusumawati ◽  
Rully Marsis Amirullah Roesli
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Family History ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Taste Threshold ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background: Diabetic patients have low sensitivity towards sweet taste, thus consuming more sugar. A young adult with family history of diabetes mellitus (FHD) who lives with diabetic parents may have an increased risk of overconsumption of sugar due to a similar dietary pattern, leading to diabetes. This study aimed to explore the difference in the sweet taste threshold (STT) between students with and without a family history of diabetes mellitus. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in October –November 2018 on Class 2018 medical students living in a student dormitory who were divided into those with family history of diabetes (FHD) and those without it (non-FHD). Family history of diabetes and other known diseases were self-reported. The three-Ascending Forced Choice method was used to determine the sweet recognition threshold. Mann-Whitney analysis was used to compare the sweet taste thresholds between the two groups. Result: A total of 183 subjects participated in this study. The non-FHD group had a higher rank of sweet taste threshold than subjects in the FHD group (94.21 vs 81.16), albeit insignificant (p=0.192). Interestingly, the modes of best estimation threshold (BET) for non-FHD group was than the FHD group (0.067 M vs 0.043 M). Conclusion: The BET for students without family history of diabetes is higher than those with family history of diabetes. It is imperative that low sugar consumption campaign should also aim young people without FHD.

Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students in Dammam, Saudi Arabia

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mohammed Madadin ◽  
Ritesh G. Menezes ◽  
Maha A. Alassaf ◽  
Abdulaziz M. Almulhim ◽  
Mahdi S. Abumadini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depression Subscale ◽  
History Of

Abstract. Background: Medical students are at high risk of suicidal ideation. Aim: We aimed to obtain information on suicidal ideation among medical students in Dammam located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medicine affiliated with Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Suicidal ideation in the past 12 months was assessed based on responses to four questions in the depression subscale of the General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28). In addition, data were collected to examine the association of suicidal ideation with various factors. Results: We found that 1 in 3 medical students in the study had suicidal ideation in the past 12 months, while around 40% had lifetime suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was associated with feelings of parental neglect, history of physical abuse, and dissatisfaction with academic performance. Limitations: The cross-sectional nature of this study limits its ability to determine causality regarding suicidal ideation. Conclusion: These rates are considerably high when compared with rates from studies in other countries around the world. This study provides a reference in the field of suicidology for this region of Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Incidence of diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors in the adult population of the Basque country, Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés Urrutia ◽  
◽  
Alicia Martín-Nieto ◽  
Rosa Martínez ◽  
J Oriol Casanovas-Marsal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Incident Cases

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of diabetes mellitus in the Basque Country and the risk factors involved in the disease by reassessing an adult population after 7 years of follow-up. In the previous prevalence study, 847 people older than 18 years were randomly selected from all over the Basque Country and were invited to answer a medical questionnaire, followed by a physical examination and an oral glucose tolerance test. In the reassessment, the same variables were collected and the resulting cohort comprised 517 individuals of whom 43 had diabetes at baseline. The cumulative incidence of diabetes was 4.64% in 7 years and the raw incidence rate was 6.56 cases/1000 person-years (95%CI: 4.11–9.93). Among the incident cases, 59% were undiagnosed. The most strongly associated markers by univariate analyses were age > 60 years, dyslipidaemia, prediabetes and insulin resistance. We also found association with hypertension, obesity, family history of diabetes and low education level. Multivariate analysis adjusted for age and sex showed that a set of risk factors assessed together (dyslipidaemia, waist-to-hip-ratio and family history of diabetes) had great predictive value (AUC-ROC = 0.899, 95%CI: 0.846–0.953, p = 0.942), which suggests the need for early intervention before the onset of prediabetes.

scholarly journals Healthy eating: a matter of prioritisation by households or policymakers?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Joreintje Dingena Mackenbach
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Food System ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Abstract I reflect upon the potential reasons why American low-income households do not spend an optimal proportion of their food budgets on fruits and vegetables, even though this would allow them to meet the recommended levels of fruit and vegetable consumption. Other priorities than health, automatic decision-making processes and access to healthy foods play a role, but solutions for the persistent socio-economic inequalities in diet should be sought in the wider food system which promotes cheap, mass-produced foods. I argue that, ultimately, healthy eating is not a matter of prioritisation by individual households but by policymakers.

scholarly journals POS0727 INSULIN RESISTANCE AND LEPTIN LEVELS IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS PATIENTS WITHOUT DIABETES MELLITUS OR FASTING HYPERGLYCEMIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 613.2-614
Author(s):  
L. Kondrateva ◽  
T. Panafidina ◽  
T. Popkova ◽  
M. Cherkasova ◽  
A. Lila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Categories ◽  
Group 1

Background:Insulin resistance (IR) is considered as initial stage of diseases continuum from development of prediabetes to eventual progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Individuals with prediabetes have also elevated leptin levels, so this adipocytokine along with IR can be considered as predictive laboratory markers of higher risk of T2DM. It is not yet clear whether presence of individual or multiple SLE-related and/or known traditional risk factors of T2DM (such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, family history of diabetes, or being overweight) can precipitate the development of IR.Objectives:To analyze the relationship between IR and increasing leptin levels rates. To identify the presence and evaluate the potential role of traditional and disease-related risk factors for IR in SLE patients without T2DM or hyperglycemia.Methods:A total of 49 SLE pts (46 women, 3 men, 40 [33;48] years old) without established DM and with normal fasting glucose levels (<6,1 mmol/l) were enrolled in the study. Median disease duration was 3,0[0,7;8,0] years, SLEDAI-2K was 5[2;8]. SLE pts were treated with glucocorticoids (GC) (84%), hydroxychloroquine (78%), immunosuppressive drugs (20%) and biological agents (10%). Insulin levels were measured using electrochemiluminescence assay Elecsys (Roche Diagnostics), serum leptin concentrations were estimated using ELISA (DBS-Diagnostics Biochem Canada Inc.). IR was defined as Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance index (HOMA-IR) ≥2,77. Leptin levels were considered elevated at values ≥11,1 ng/ml for women, ≥5.6 ng/ml for men. Eight traditional T2DM risk factors from the FINDRISK (Finnish Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Form) questionnaire (older age, being overweight, abdominal obesity, family history of diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, lack of regular dietary fiber intake, taking antihypertensive medications as a surrogate marker of high blood pressure, documented episodes of hyperglycemia) were evaluated. This study used 5 risk categories for developing T2DM proposed by FINDRISK questionnaire: low, slightly elevated, moderate, high or very high.Results:Median HOMA-IR levels were 1,7 [1,2;2,5]. HOMA-IR correlated with leptin levels (r=0,7, p<0,001), body mass index (BMI) (r=0,6, p<0,001), waist circumference (WC) (r=0,5, p<0,001), T2DM risk categories by FINDRISK (r=0,3, p=0,03), SLEDAI-2K (r= -0,4, p<0,01), and duration of GCs therapy (r=0,3, p=0,03). Current GC use had no influence on HOMA-IR in SLE. IR was detected in 10 (20%) SLE pts. The traditional T2DM risk factors profiles were similar in pts with (Group 1) or without IR (Group 2) except for higher anthropometric parameters in group 1 (for BMI 27,2[24,8;32,2]kg/m2 vs 23,7[20,6;26,7]kg/m2, p<0,01; for WC: 93[86;102]cm vs 83[76;93]cm, p=0,02). Leptin levels were also higher in SLE pts with IR compared to pts without IR (74,2[30,4;112,7]ng/ml vs 25,0[6,7;42,4]ng/ml, p<0,01). Increased leptin levels were found in 35 (71%) pts, more often in pts with IR (100 vs 64%, p=0,04).Conclusion:IR was found in 20% of SLE pts without T2DM having normal serum fasting glucose concentration. Emergence of IR was commonly preceded by increased leptin levels. IR values were closely associated with accumulation of adipose tissue facilitated by long-term GCs use and disease activity decrease. Contribution of other traditional risk factors of T2DM seemed insignificant.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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