Examining the Relationship between Social and School Environment and Children’s Caries Experience Using Primary and Secondary Data: A Cluster Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Juliana Neide Amato ◽  
Ednalva Maria de Sousa Eskenazi ◽  
Simone Baccili Ribeiro ◽  
Simone Lyz Pires Marcilio Guerrero ◽  
Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Dental caries is still prevalent worldwide, even with advances in preventive and curative measures. The aim was to examine clustering patterns of socioeconomic and environmental characteristics of schools and their associations with caries experience of schoolchildren. An epidemiological survey with cross-sectional design was conducted in 2014/2015 and included 5,213 students (aged 2–11 years) from 38 public schools of Carapicuíba (SP, Brazil). Primary data consisted of dental examinations performed at schools by 6 calibrated examiners to evaluate caries experience (dmf/DMFT index). Secondary data were extracted from the last official Demographic Census (2010) and School Census (2014 and 2015) to assess the socioeconomic and environmental characteristics of the territorial units and infrastructure of each school, respectively. Cluster analysis and ANOVA were applied to identify schools with similar social and environmental aspects and children’s caries experience. A logistic regression model was used to ascertain the effects of cluster variables on the likelihood that participants have caries experience, controlling for the stage of dentition and sex. Two valid and reliable clusters were identified: cluster 1 (“advantaged group”), characterized by 33 schools with the highest percentages of children without caries experience and located in regions with better socioenvironmental indicators, and cluster 2 (“least advantaged group”), characterized by 5 schools with higher percentages of children with caries experience, lower percentages of households with sanitary sewer and water supply, higher residents/household ratio and higher percentages of families living with up to 1 minimum wage. An increase in the odds of having caries experience for each percent of houses with well water and families which live with up to 1 minimum wage was observed. By using primary and secondary data, the study draws attention to the relationship between socioeconomic and environmental indicators and caries experience, identifying least advantaged regions and helping to design strategic health plans for this target population.

ASPEK SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN MASALAH GIZI KURANG DI KABUPATEN MANGGARAI, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Ursula Dianita Marut
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Interview Questionnaire

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 13.05pt .0001pt 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us">The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between socio-economic and cultural aspects and undernutrition problem in Kabupaten Manggarai, Nusa Tenggara Timur. This research was designed as cross sectional study with purposive method. This research was conducted in Desa Meler, Kecamatan Ruteng, Kabupaten Manggarai from June to July 2007. Primary data and secondary data were collected in this study. Primary data including family’s socio-economic characteristics, nutritional status, environment sanitation and food consumption using interview questionnaire. Secondary data including food production, prevalence of nutritional status of the children under five, and were collected from some Government’s institutions. Populations of this research were children under five in Desa Meler. Samples consisted of 80 children and were classified into two groups, a total of 48 classified as undernutrition group and the rest of them belong to normal group. Result shows that the prevalence of undernutrition of children under five in Manggarai year 2005 is 22,75 % and have decreased in 2006 become 19,24 %. Poverty is one of the causal factors of this undernutrition problem in Manggarai.</span></p>

scholarly journals Promosi Kesehatan Melalui Media Sosial dan Kebijakan Physical Distancing Terhadap Perilaku Pencegahan Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Achmad Lukman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a contagious disease caused by a coronavirus where the virus attacks the respiratory tract and can infect humans and animals. Therefore, preventive measures against breaking the chain of transmission of this infectious disease must be carried out as quickly as possible in breaking the chain of transmission of Covid-19. The research objective was to determine the relationship between health promotion through social media and physical distancing policies on behavioral prevention of Covid-19 in urban communities. The research method was quantitative with cross-sectional research design. The population in this research was all urban people who live in the DKI Jakarta area. The sampling technique was accidental sampling of 100 respondents. The data used were primary data through distributing questionnaires and secondary data derived from Jakarta's Covid-19 monitoring data. Data analysis was performed descriptive and the Pearson product moment correlation test. The results showed the relationship between health promotion through social media (with p-value = 0.001 and r = 0.315) and physical distancing policies (with p-value = 0,000 and r = 0.973) on Covid-19 prevention behavior in urban communities. It is hoped that the government will not hesitate in carrying out policies in reducing the spread of Covid-19 and promoting coordination with various related parties. Keywords: Covid-19; physical distancing policies; health promotion; social media ABSTRAK Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) adalah salah satu penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh coronavirus dimana virus tersebut menyerang saluran pernafasan dan dapat menginfeksi manusia dan hewan. Oleh sebab itu, tindakan pencegahan terhadap memutus rantai penularan penyakit menular tersebut wajib dilakukan secepat mungkin dalam memutus mata rantai penularan Covid-19. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara promosi kesehatan melalui media social dan kebijakan physical distancing terhadap perilaku pencegahan perilaku Covid-19 pada masyarakat perkotaan. Metode penelitian adalah kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah seluruh masyarakat perkotaan yang berdomisili di wilayah DKI Jakarta. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan accidental sampling sebanyak 100 responden. Data yang digunakan data primer melalui penyebaran kuesioner dan data sekunder yang berasal dari data pemantauan Covid-19 DKI Jakarta. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan uji korelasi pearson product moment. Hasil penelitian menujukkan hubungan promosi kesehatan melalui media sosial (dengan p-value=0,001 dan r=0,315) dan kebijakan physical distancing (dengan p-value=0,000 dan r=0,973) terhadap perilaku pencegahan Covid-19 pada masyarakat perkotaan. Diharapkan pemerintah tidak ragu dalam menjalankan kebijakan dalam menekan penyebaran Covid-19 serta mengedepankan koordinasi dengan berbagai pihak terkait. Kata kunci: Covid-19; kebijakan physical distancing; promosi kesehatan; media sosial

scholarly journals Linkage Strategies, Resource Conditions and University Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Orucho Michael Ngala ◽  
Zachary Bolo Awino
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Balanced Score Card ◽  
Strategy Formulation ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resource Conditions ◽  
University Performance ◽  
The Relationship

This study sought to contribute to knowledge by assessing the moderating effect of resource conditions on the relationship between linkage strategies and performance of universities in Kenya. Resource based view was used as the main theory anchoring the study. Cross-Sectional survey was adopted as the research design. The population of the study consists of sixty five (65) public and private universities incorporated in Kenya. Out of this, a sample of forty seven (47) universities which had undergone at least one graduation cycle was taken. Primary and secondary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and review of existing university documents and regulatory bodies’ websites respectively. Correlation and regression analyses were carried out to analyse data and to test hypotheses. Although it was not possible to include all the determinants of institutional performance, balanced score card was appropriately used to represent financial and non-financial aspects that constitute performance indicators. It was established that resource conditions have enhancing moderating effect on the relationship between linkage strategies and university performance in Kenya. The significance of firm resources and linkage components in strategy formulation and implementation cannot be overlooked. The key recommendation that the study offers as insights to theory, university authorities and policy makers, is the need to consider firm resource conditions as critical determinants during strategy formulation and implementation process in order to enhance university performance. The main limitation of this study is that primary data was collected from only one respondent per university but common methods bias was mitigated through the use of additional secondary data to validate primary data.

Influence of Auditing on Financial Performance of Secondary Schools: A Case Study of Goromonzi District; Zimbabwe

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (06) ◽  
pp. 20819-20831
Author(s):  
Charles Zhuwau ◽  
Milton Shumba
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Auditing, an internal financial control with high adoption in private sector has of late received great attention of the community in Zimbabwe calling for its adoption in public institutions. This is due to poor Corporate Governance practises not only parastatals, but in public schools as misappropriation of school funds scandals rock the nation since 2008. With the wake of 2015 government schools audit exercise, the research seeks an explanation of the relationship between auditing and financial performance of Goromonzi district secondary schools. With the absence of theory to explain the relationship in Zimbabwean education sector, the research aimed to establish the frequency schools need to be audited. Quantitatively, primary data were collected using questionnaires and personal interviews directed to government appointed and parent-elected School Development Committees (SDC) members, respectively. Secondary data from existing literature complemented primary data. Chi-square tests were used to analyse data to establish relationships existing between diverse variables. Carried tests indeed validated the existence of positive positive relationship between education attained by SDC members and their comprehension of auditing. Similar results were observed between audit frequency and performance of schools measured by standards improvement. Finally the research recommended how auditing can be implemented in schools as well as various strategies which can be adopted to ensure positive financial performance of schools.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PENDIDIKAN DAN PENGETAHUAN IBU DENGAN PEMBERIAN IMUNISASI HEPATITIS B0 PADA BAYI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KUALA LEMPUING KOTA BENGKULU

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Dewi Aprilia Ningsih ◽  
Dupriana Dupriana
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Area ◽  
The Relationship

The Relationship between Education And Mother’s Knowledge with Immunization Hepatitis B0 of  Infants  in Working  Area  Kuala Lempuing Public  Health Center BengkuluABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari hubungan pendidikan dan pengetahuan ibu dengan  pemberian imunisasi hepatitis B0 pada bayi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kuala Lempuing  Kota Bengkulu. Desain penelitian adalah  surveyAnalitik, dengan  menggunakan desain penelitian Cross Sectional. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah semua ibu yang mempunyai bayi lebih dari 7 hari                 di Puskesmas Kuala Lempuing kota Bengkulu  pada tahun 2017 yaitu sebanyak 74 bayi yang sudah imunisasi hepatitis B0. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan teknik menggunakan Sytematic Random Sampling. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang di peroleh dari dokumentasi (register) dan menggunakan data primer yang di peroleh dari Responden (kuesioner) di Puskesmas Kuala Lempuing Kota Bengkulu tahun 2017. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan (1) Terdapat 34,9% yang termasuk tingkat pendidikan dasar, 39,5% yang termasuk pendidikan menengah dan 25,5% yang termasuk pendidikan tinggi. (2) Terdapat 39,5 yang berpengetahuan kurang, 34,9 yang berpengetahuan cukup dan 25,6% yang berpengetahuan baik. (3) Terdapat 37,2% yang tidak melakukan pemberian imunisasi Hepatitis B0 pada bayinya dan 62,8% melakukan pemberian imunisasi Hepatitis B0pada bayinya (4) Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pendidikan ibu dengan pemberian imunisasi hepatitis B0di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kuala Lempuing Kota Bengkulu dengan kategori hubungan sedang.(5) Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pendidikan ibu dengan pemberian imunisasi hepatitis B0di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kuala Lempuing Kota Bengkulu dengan kategori hubungan sedang. Kata Kunci : Imunisasi Hepatitis B0, pendidikan, pengetahuanABSTRACTThis study aims to study the relationship of education and knowledge of mothers with the provision of hepatitis b0 immunization in health center work area of Puskesmas Kuala Lempuing Bengkulu 2017. The research design is an analytical survey, using Cross Sectional research design. The population of this study are all mothers who have babies more than 7 days at Health Center Kuala Lempuing Bengkulu 2017 that is as many as 74 infants who have immunization of hepatitis B0. Technique of sampling with technique using Systematics Random Sampling. Data collection in this study used secondary data obtained from documentation (register) and using primary data obtained from Respondents (questionnaires) at Health Center Kuala Lempuing Bengkulu City. The results of this study were obtained (1) There are 34.9% which includes basic education level, 39.5% which includes secondary education and 25.5% including higher education. (2) There are 39.5 who are less knowledgeable, 34.9 are knowledgeable enough and 25.6% are knowledgeable. (3) There were 37.2% who did not give Hepatitis B0 immunization to their infant and 62.8% had Hepatitis B0 immunization on their infant (4) There was a significant correlation between maternal education and hepatitis B0 immunization at Working Area of Kuala Lempuing Health Center of Bengkulu City medium relations category. (5) There is a significant correlation between maternal education with hepatitis B0 immunization in Working Area of Kuala Lempuing Health Center of Bengkulu medium relations category. Keywords : Education, hepatitis B0 immunization, knowledge

scholarly journals Hubungan Efikasi Diri dengan Sikap Kader Nasyiatul Aisyiyah terhadap Program STOP Stunting di Kabupaten Boyolali

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Shofia Andriyani ◽  
Kusuma Estu Werdani
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
District Health Office ◽  
District Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The STOP stunting program that has been launched by the leadership of Nasyiatul Aisyiyah has not run optimally because there are still obstacles in its implementation. Self-efficacy is one of the internal factors that can shape the attitude of Nasyiatul Aisyiyah cadres in carrying out the STOP stunting program to support the implementation of programs that are not yet running. Objective: To analyze the relationship between self-efficacy and the attitude of Nasyiatul Aisyiyah cadres towards the STOP stunting program in Boyolali Regency. Methods: This research is quantitative observational using aapproach cross sectional which was conducted in December 2020 involving 80 Nasyiatul Aisyiyah cadres. The variables in this study were self-efficacy and cadre attitudes. The primary data was obtained through a questionnaire, while the secondary data was obtained from the Boyolali District Health Office and the Nasyiatul Aisyiyah leadership. The analysis was carried out by univariate and bivariate using test chi square. Results: A total of 51.3% of cadres had low self-efficacy and 47.5% had poor attitudes towards the STOP stunting program and there was a significant relationship between self-efficacy and cadre attitudes (p=0.001). Conclusion: Self-efficacy is closely related to the attitude of Nasyiatul Aisyiyah cadres.

scholarly journals Promosi Kesehatan dan Kebijakan Physical Distancing Terhadap Perilaku Pencegahan COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Achmad Lukman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract—Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by a coronavirus where the virus attacks the respiratory tract and can infect humans and animals. Therefore, preventive measures against breaking the chain of transmission of this infectious disease must be carried out as quickly as possible in breaking the chain of transmission of COVID-19. The research objective was to determine the relationship between health promotion through social media and physical distancing policies on behavioral prevention of COVID-19 in urban communities. The research method is quantitative with cross sectional research design. The population in this research is all urban people who live in the DKI Jakarta area. The sampling technique used accidental sampling of 100 respondents. The data used are primary data through distributing questionnaires and secondary data derived from Jakarta's COVID-19 monitoring data. Data analysis was performed univariate and bivariate with the Pearson product moment correlation test. The results showed the relationship between health promotion through social media (with p-value = 0.001 and r = 0.315) and physical distancing policies (with p-value = 0,000 and r = 0.973) on COVID-19 prevention behavior in urban communities. It is hoped that the government will not hesitate in carrying out policies in reducing the spread of COVID-19 and promoting coordination with various related parties.   Keywords: Health Promotion, Physical Distancing Policies, Social Media   Abstrak— Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) adalah salah satu penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh coronavirus dimana virus tersebut menyerang saluran pernafasan dan dapat menginfeksi manusia dan hewan. Oleh sebab itu, tindakan pencegahan terhadap memutus rantai penularan penyakit menular tersebut wajib dilakukan secepat mungkin dalam memutus mata rantai penularan COVID-19. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara promosi kesehatan melalui media social dan kebijakan physical distancing terhadap perilaku pencegahan perilaku COVID-19 pada masyarakat perkotaan. Metode penelitian adalah kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah seluruh masyarakat perkotaan yang berdomisili di wilayah DKI Jakarta. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan accidental sampling sebanyak 100 responden. Data yang digunakan data primer melalui penyebaran kuesioner dan data sekunder yang berasal dari data pemantauan COVID-19 DKI Jakarta. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji korelasi pearson product moment. Hasil penelitian menujukkan hubungan promosi kesehatan melalui media sosial (dengan p-value=0,001 dan r=0,315) dan kebijakan physical distancing (dengan p-value=0,000 dan r=0,973) terhadap perilaku pencegahan COVID-19 pada masyarakat perkotaan. Diharapkan pemerintah tidak ragu dalam menjalankan kebijakan dalam menekan penyebaran COVID-19 serta mengedepankan koordinasi dengan berbagai pihak terkait.   Kata kunci: Kebijakan Physical Distancing, Media Sosial, Promosi Kesehatan

scholarly journals Hubungan Sikap Kerja dan Beban Kerja Dengan Keluhan Muskuloskeletal pada Nelayan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1062
Author(s):  
Fadillah Ulva ◽  
Gusrianti Gusrianti ◽  
Gusni Rahma
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Musculoskeletal Complaints ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Repetitive Loading ◽  
The Relationship

Musculoskeletal complaints are complaints that occur in the skeletal muscles that are felt with complaints ranging from very mild complaints to very painful complaints. Musculoskeletal complaints can occur due to static and repetitive loading on the muscles that occurs for a long time. Musculoskeletal complaints can damage joints, ligaments and muscles. This can cause work stress due to the wrong working conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between work attitude and workload with musculoskeletal complaints in fishermen. The type of research used is quantitative with a cross sectional stady design. This research was conducted in the Fisherman of Pasia Nan Tigo, Koto Tangah District. The number of samples is 30 people. This study uses primary data and secondary data. The measuring instrument used is a questionnaire. The data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Chi Square test. Based on the results of the study, it was known that there was a relationship between ape's attitude (p value: 0.23) and workload (p value: 0.009) with musculoskeletal complaints.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PICKY EATING AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Regitha Adit Pramesty ◽  
Esti Yunitasari ◽  
Dwiyanti Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Picky Eating ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackground : Picky eating is a condition when children refuse to eat certain foods. Picky eating usually stops within 2 years as part of the growth process, those who stop picky eating after more than 2 years tend to be more difficult to accept new types of food. This may be unfavorable for a child's growth and nutritional status. The study was conducted to analyze the relationship between picky eating with nutritional status in preschool children. Method : This research method was observational analytic quantitative with cross sectional research design. Sampling used a total sampling technique. Data was collected in 3 preschool in October 2019 using primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire given to parents to measure picky eating used Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). Nutritional status was measured bytaking anthropometric measurements of children. Data analysis used fisher exact correlation tests. Results : The results obtained a sample of 78 respondents from 3 preschool. The average age of children was 48,37 months with a median was 49,00. The result showed 62,8% of children were female, 55,1% were second or more children, 88,5% had routine growth monitoring, 53,8% were in extended families, and 73,1% of children were taken care by their parents. The prevalence of children with picky eating was 70,5%. Nutritional status measurements found 1.3% of children included in underweight category and 83,3% normal. Results of the analysis of the relationship between picky eating and nutritional status showed p value = 0,819. Conclusion : There was no relationship between picky eating with nutritional status in preschool children. 

PERSEPSI PETERNAK PADA KEPEMIMPINAN PENDAMPING DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS USAHA TERNAK DI PAGUYUBAN AL-AWWALIYAH, PASIRWANGI, GARUT, JAWA BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Dwi Indah Sulistiani ◽  
Ujang Maman ◽  
Junaidi J
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Leadership Qualities ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Objective of this research; 1) determine the perception of ranchers against the properties and behavior of the leadership of the companion in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah 2) analyze the relationship between productivity breeder with productivity of livestock in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah 3) identify the relationship perceptions of ranchers against the leadership companion with productivity of livestock in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah , The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from questionnaires which stem from ranchers while secondary data sourced from literature in the form of books and articles. Data processing was performed using Chi-square analysis using SPSS software version 21. One of the factors relating to the productivity of ranchers is the perception of ranchers against the leadership of their companion. Leadership companion views of the nature and behavior of which is owned by a companion. Productivity ranchers indirectly related to the productivity of the cattle business. Characteristics breeder visits of age, years of education, experience ranchers, and businesses in addition to ranchers. The results of data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between business other than ranchers with ranchers productivity. The relationship between the perception of the nature of the companion breeder with productivity ranchers produce Pearson Chi-Square value is 9.751 and Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) of 0.002. This is due to interest ranchers against leadership qualities possessed by a companion who produce prolific ranchers. Ranchers consider that a companion of his leadership qualities are ideal as a companion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document