Depression among diabetes mellitus patients: A study of the protective factors

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with patients that continue to increase per year. This study aimed to understand the role of self-esteem and religious orientation on depression with resilience as a mediator among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). A total of 100 patients were recruited from four public health centers. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to measure depression. In contrast, self-esteem was measured using two aspects of Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale, namely self-liking and self-competence. Religious orientation was measured using Allport and Ross’s religious orientation scale, while resilience was measured using Connor and Davidson’s resilience scale. The results were analyzed using path analyses. The study found that resilience mediated the relationship between self-esteem and depression among DM patients. Self-esteem was also shown to correlate with resilience, and resilience also showed a significant relationship with depression. In contrast to initial predictions, however, there was no significant effect of religious orientation on resilience. The research implications suggest that resilience serves as an important protective factor toward depression among patients suffering from DM.

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Physical Activity Frequency on the 10-Year Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Prognosis; The Interaction With Cardiovascular Disease History and Diabetes Mellitus: The GREECS Observational Study

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2015-0267 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 624-632 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Evangelos Papataxiarchis ◽

Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos ◽

Venetia Notara ◽

Matina Kouvari ◽

Yannis Kogias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Monthly Basis ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Activity Frequency ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Greek Hospitals

The association between physical activity, diabetes mellitus (DM), and long-term acute coronary syndrome (ACS) prognosis was evaluated. The GREECS study included 2,172 consecutive ACS patients from six Greek hospitals (2003–2004). In 2013–2014, a 10-year follow up was performed with 1,918 patients. Physical activity was categorized in never, rarely (monthly basis), 1–2 and ≥ 3 times/week. Multi-adjusted analysis revealed that 1–2 and ≥ 3 times/week vs. no physical activity had a protective effect on ACS incidence (OR = 0.63 95% CI 0.38, 1.05) and (OR = 0.63 95% CI 0.40, 0.99) respectively, only in patients without prior baseline CVD event. In a subgroup analysis, with DM as strata in these patients, engagement in physical activity (i.e., 1–2 times/week) had a significant protective effect among patients with diabetes (OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.27, 0.96, p = .037). These findings revealed the beneficial role of exercise in secondary ACS prevention, even in DM patients. Public health-oriented policies should incorporate regular physical activity as a key protective factor in disease prognosis.

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Depressive Symptoms and Resilience among Pregnant Adolescents: A Case-Control Study

Obstetrics and Gynecology International ◽

10.1155/2010/952493 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Danny Salazar-Pousada ◽

Dalton Arroyo ◽

Luis Hidalgo ◽

Faustino R. Pérez-López ◽

Peter Chedraui

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depressed Mood ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Case Control ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Pregnant Adolescents ◽

Control Approach ◽

Resilience Scale ◽

Study Programs ◽

Adolescents And Adults

Background. Data regarding depression and resilience among adolescents is still lacking.Objective. To assess depressive symptoms and resilience among pregnant adolescents.Method. Depressive symptoms and resilience were assessed using two validated inventories, the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale (CESD-10) and the 14-item Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale (RS), respectively. A case-control approach was used to compare differences between adolescents and adults.Results. A total of 302 pregnant women were enrolled in the study, 151 assigned to each group. Overall, 56.6% of gravids presented total CESD-10 scores 10 or more indicating depressed mood. Despite this, total CESD-10 scores and depressed mood rate did not differ among studied groups. Adolescents did however display lower resilience reflected by lower total RS scores and a higher rate of scores below the calculated median (P<.05). Logistic regression analysis could not establish any risk factor for depressed mood among studied subjects; however, having an adolescent partner (OR, 2.0 CI 95% 1.06–4.0,P=.03) and a preterm delivery (OR, 3.0 CI 95% 1.43–6.55,P=.004) related to a higher risk for lower resilience.Conclusion. In light of the findings of the present study, programs oriented at giving adolescents support before, during, and after pregnancy should be encouraged.

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Forms and Degrees of Religious Commitment: Intrinsic Orientation in a Swedish Context

Journal of Psychology and Theology ◽

10.1177/009164719602400404 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 301-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Maria Hovemyr

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Religious Orientation ◽

Religious Commitment ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Attitude Scale ◽

Academic Environments ◽

Religious Orientation Scale ◽

Research Findings ◽

Orientation Scale ◽

Intrinsic Orientation

The psychometric properties of the revised Swedish Religious Orientation Scale (SROS II) were tested in two academic environments. Intrinsic, extrinsic, and quest orientations and their relation to self-esteem were examined. An attempt was made to identify two sub-groups within the intrinsic sphere, specified as Intrinsic-Dogmatic (ID) and Intrinsic Reflective (IR), and to validate these, tentatively, in relation to degree of conservatism, using the revised Swedish Social Attitude Scale. The subjects were undergraduate students of psychology and theology. The results suggest that forms and degrees of religious commitment can be adequately measured by SROS II. The ID - IR hypothesis was supported and previous research findings with regard to self-esteem were partially replicated.

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Psychiatric disorders in diabetes mellitus patients attending a tertiary health institution in north-eastern Nigeria

Annals of African Medical Research ◽

10.4081/aamr.2018.41 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kazeem Ayinde Ayanda ◽

Dauda Sulyman ◽

Mahmud Yinka Mahmud ◽

Joy Pius ◽

Simeon Yinka Ategbese

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

University Teaching ◽

Clinical State ◽

P Value ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Psychiatric disorders are common sequelae of diabetes mellitus and can further worsen the clinical state and quality of life of patients. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and pattern of psychological illnesses in patients with diabetes mellitus and to assess factors that predict these psychiatric disorders. The mental health of 114 eligible consenting adult patients with diabetes mellitus attending the diabetic clinic of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital was assessed using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the study respondents was 39.5% and the pattern of diagnoses found were Major Depressive Disorder (31.6%), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (6.1%) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (1.8%). None of the sociodemographic variables was significantly associated with the presence of psychiatric disorders. The presence of diabetic complications (OR=2.519; 95% CI=1.056-6.001; P-value=0.037) was predictive of psychiatric disorders while good sugar control (OR=0.372; 95% CI=0.162-0.854; P-value=0.020) was a significant protective factor. A notable proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus develop mental health problems which can worsen the clinical outcome and further increase the burden of this illness. Efforts to promptly identify and manage these comorbid psychological problems can improve the prognosis of these patients.

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Association Between Spirituality and Depression in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

The Diabetes Educator ◽

10.1177/0145721712440335 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 427-435 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Cheryl P. Lynch ◽

Melba A. Hernandez-Tejada ◽

Joni L. Strom ◽

Leonard E. Egede

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Medical Center ◽

Diabetes Education ◽

Academic Medical Center ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Values And Beliefs

Purpose The purpose of the study was to examine the association between spirituality and depression among patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods This study included 201 adult participants with diabetes from an indigent clinic of an academic medical center. Participants completed validated surveys on spirituality and depression. The Daily Spiritual Experience (DSE) Scale measured a person’s perception of the transcendent (God, the divine) in daily life. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression scale assessed depression. Linear regression analyses examined the association of spirituality as the predictor with depression as the outcome, adjusted for confounding variables. Results Greater spirituality was reported among females, non-Hispanic blacks, those with lower educational levels, and those with lower income. The unadjusted regression model showed greater spirituality was associated with less depression. This association was mildly diminished but still significant in the final adjusted model. Depression scores also increased (greater depression risk) with females and those who were unemployed but decreased with older age and non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity. Conclusions Treatment of depression symptoms may be facilitated by incorporating the spiritual values and beliefs of patients with diabetes. Therefore, faith-based diabetes education is likely to improve self-care behaviors and glycemic control.

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Religious Orientation, Incentive, Self-Esteem, and Gender as Predictors of Academic Dishonesty: An Experimental Approach

Archive for the Psychology of Religion ◽

10.1163/008467206774355411 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 137-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

W. Paul Williamson ◽

Aresh Assadi

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Academic Dishonesty ◽

Religious Orientation ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Monetary Incentive ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Cheating Behavior ◽

Religious Orientation Scale ◽

Orientation Scale ◽

And Gender

It is widely assumed that religion is responsible for dictating and guiding moral behavior. This study investigated that claim and its relationship to monetary incentive, self-esteem, and gender within the context of academic dishonesty. A sample of 65 undergraduate students (32 men; 33 women) were assessed using a revision of Allport's Religious Orientation Scale (Gorsuch & McPherson, 1989) and then monitored for cheating on a computerized version of the Graduate Records Exam under different experimental conditions. Self-esteem (high, average, low) and monetary incentive ($5, nothing) were manipulated, and gender was selected to measure their effect on cheating behavior. Results of this study found that: (1) participants’ religious orientation was not related to their tendency to cheat in any way; (2) participants cheated significantly more when receiving monetary incentive for their performance than when they did not; (3) participants with induced low self-esteem cheated significantly more than those with induced high self-esteem; and (4) men cheated more than women at a level that bordered on significance (p < .06). Academic performance (GPA) was not found related to academic cheating. Findings are discussed in the context of existing literature.

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Peculiarities of Physical Activity and Self‑Esteem of Young People with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 and Healthy Persons Aged 18–25 Years

Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences ◽

10.33607/bjshs.v4i83.305 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (83) ◽

Author(s):

Sandrija Čapkauskienė ◽

Daiva Vizbaraitė ◽

Deimantė Šeštokaitė

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Healthy Persons

Research background and hypothesis. Careful diabetes control slows the onset and progression of life-threatening complications, the development of disability and early disability-related unemployment, and prolongs life expectancy (Danytė et al., 2000). The benefits of physical activity on regular basis comprise improved cardiovascular health, increased lean body mass, improved blood lipid profile, enhanced psycho-social wellbeing and decreased obesity (Riddell, Iscoe, 2006). Physical activity is one of the main factors influencing glucose level in diabetic patients’ blood (Wiśniewski, 2010). Analysis of self-esteem of the studied revealed a wide range of findings, from trying to outline the modest achievements, pride, and even unwillingness to discuss it to low self-esteem, feeling of guilt and self-reproach for mistakes and failures (Žemaitis, 1995). The aim of the study was to determine physical activity and self-esteem of healthy subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 aged 18–25 years.Methods. The study included 140 individuals (aged from 18 to 25 years). Among 41 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus there were 33 young women and 8 young men, and among 99 healthy persons – 79 young women and 29 young men. All the subjects were asked to fill in the questionnaire orientated to physical activity and self-esteem. The short IPAQ questionnaire was used to research physical activity and Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale was used to assess self esteem.Research results. Approximately 60% of subjects with diabetes mellitus type 1 and about 50% of healthy persons rated their physical activity as moderate. Intensive 60-minute-physical activity was reported by 48.5% of healthy subjects and 34.1% of diabetic patients, moderate 60-minute-physical activity was pointed out by 38.2% of diabetic patients and 35.8% of healthy research participants. The largest walking interval was 1–1.5 hours: in the diabetic group– 28.8%, in the healthy group – 31.65%. Healthy young men and women were physically more active than diabetic patients. Self-esteem in both genders of healthy subjects and diabetic patients was determined as moderate.Discussion and conclusions. Physical activity of women and men with diabetes mellitus type 1 aged 18–25 years was valued as moderate, meanwhile physical activity in healthy persons – moderate or high. Self-esteem is moderate in both groups of patients with diabetes and healthy persons. Healthy men are more active than diabetic patients, similarly, women having diabetes mellitus type 1 are more physically passive than healthy ones. Both patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and healthy individuals aged 18–25 reported moderate self-esteem.Keywords: diabetes mellitus type 1, physical activity, self-esteem.

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Family Proximity as a Moderator of Spousal Associations of Depression among Mexican Older Adults

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.2781 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 755-756

Author(s):

Katie Newkirk ◽

Maria Aranda ◽

Catalina Mourgues-Codern ◽

Ana Quiñones ◽

Rafael Samper-Ternent ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Moderation Effect ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Mitigating Factors

Abstract Depression among older adults is a public health issue, and a large literature highlights the importance of close relationships as both a risk and protective factor for depression. Research in U.S. samples suggests that one spouse’s depressive symptoms can increase their partner’s depressive symptoms, especially for women (Kouros & Cummings, 2010; Tower & Kasl, 1996). Little is known about interpersonal associations in depression, mitigating factors, and the role of gender among older couples in Mexico. This study examined (1) the effects of an individual’s depressive symptoms on their spouse’s symptoms and 2) whether living close to family buffered depression associations using data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (n=4,071 dyads, age 50+ at initial interview). Depressive symptoms were measured in 2001, 2003, 2012, 2015, and 2018 using a modified 8-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale. Multilevel modeling was used to fit a dual-intercept growth model (centered at 2012) of husbands’ and wives’ depressive symptoms over time, controlling for age and education. Results showed a partner effect for husbands and wives, such that having a spouse with greater depressive symptoms in 2001 was associated with greater subsequent depressive symptoms, but not with rate of change in symptoms, in 2012. There was also a moderation effect such that the deleterious effect of husbands’ depressive symptoms on wives’ symptoms, as well as rate of increase in symptoms, was higher when family lived nearby, suggesting family may potentially exacerbate depression associations among spouses rather than a buffering them as hypothesized.

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Retrospective development of a novel resilience indicator using existing cohort data: The adolescent to adult health resilience instrument

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0243564 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0243564

Author(s):

Diana Montoya-Williams ◽

Molly Passarella ◽

Scott A. Lorch

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Data Collection ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Add Health ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Adult Health ◽

Cohort Data ◽

Resilience Scale ◽

Existing Data

Background Cohort studies represent rich sources of data that can be used to link components of resilience to a variety of health-related outcomes. The Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) cohort study represents one of the largest data sets of the health and social context of adolescents transitioning into adulthood. It did not however use validated resilience scales in its data collection process. This study aimed to retrospectively create and validate a resilience indicator using existing data from the cohort to better understand the resilience of its participants. Methods Questions asked of participants during one Add Health data collection time period (N = 15,701) were matched to items on a well-known and widely validated resilience scale called the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale. Factor analysis and psychometric analyses were used to refine and validate this novel Adolescent to Adult Health Resilience Instrument. Construct validity utilized participants’ answers to the 10 item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, which has been used to validate other resilience scales. Results Factor analysis yielded an instrument with 13 items that showed appropriate internal consistency statistics. Resilience scores in our study were normally distributed with no ceiling or floor effects. Our instrument had appropriate construct validity, negatively correlating to answers on the depression scale (r = -0.64, p<0.001). We also found demographic differences in mean resilience scores: lower resilience scores were seen among women and those who reported lower levels of education and household income. Conclusions It is possible to retrospectively construct a resilience indicator from existing cohort data and achieve good psychometric properties. The Adolescent to Adult Health Resilience Instrument can be used to better understand the relationship between resilience, social determinants of health and health outcomes among young adults using existing data, much of which is publicly available.

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Assessment of Psychosocial Functioning of Mothers of Children with Diabetes Mellitus Compared to Mothers of Healthy Children

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/6821575 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marta Makara-Studzińska ◽

Siva Somasundaram ◽

Ghulam Md. Ashraf ◽

Małgorzata Gogacz ◽

Agata Madej ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Social Support ◽

Sense Of Coherence ◽

Psychosocial Functioning ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Psychosocial Health ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Entire Family ◽

Difficult Situation

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease requiring changes in the behaviour of the entire family. The responsibility for implementing doctor’s recommendations falls mainly upon the mother. The aim of this study is to assess the psychosocial functioning of mothers of children with DM compared to mothers of healthy children. The study involved 120 mothers: 60 with children with DM and 60 with healthy children. Data were collected using an original social-demographic questionnaire developed by the authors as well as Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-29), Schwarzer and Schultz’s Berlin Social Support Scales (BSSS), Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and Zigmond and Snaith’s Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The assessment scales were standardised and accredited by the Polish Psychological Association. The results suggest that DM in children has no effect on the psychosocial functioning of mothers regarding their self-esteem and sense of coherence. However, mothers of children with DM are well-prepared for living in a difficult situation. Social support offered to mothers of diabetic children helps them to maintain their psychosocial health.

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