Abstract 100: Clinical impact of United States Preventive Services Task Force screening recommendations for abdominal aortic aneurysm: Analysis of Nationwide Inpatient Sample data

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourabh Aggarwal ◽  
Devin Malik ◽  
Mark Schauer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Nationwide Inpatient Sample ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined when infra-renal aortic diameter is at least 3.0 cm. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommended in 2005 that all men between the ages of 65 to 75 years who have ever smoked should be screened once for AAA by abdominal ultrasonography. However, the clinical impact of these recommendations are unknown. Methods: We queried Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) data for AAA and AAA rupture using ICD9 codes 441.4 and 441.3 respectively. The NIS represents 20% of all hospitals data in the US. All the data was extracted for years 2000-2010. Total hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality for pre-screening years (2000-2004) was compared with post-screening years (2006-2010) for both AAA and AAA rupture. Results: A total of 527,801 hospitalizations secondary to AAA and AAA rupture were analyzed for the study period. Hospitalizations from AAA decreased from 61.72 to 58.77 per 10,000 total hospitalizations with in-hospital mortality decreasing from 3.5% to 2.12% (p value <0.001). On sub-analysis, the decrease in hospitalizations was significant in 65-84 age group (77.19 to 74.54 per 100 AAA admissions, p <0.001), with significant increase in 84+ age group (6.37 to 8.6 per 100 AAA admissions, p<0.001) and non-significant increase in 45-64 age group (16.16 to 16.51 per 100 AAA admissions, p value >0.05). Decrease in mortality was uniform in all age and gender sub-groups. The hospitalizations from AAA rupture decreased from 9.51 to 7.03 per 10,000 total hospitalizations (p<0.001) with mortality decreasing from 49.9% to 44.6% (p value <0.001). On sub-analysis decrease in hospitalizations was reciprocated in 65-84 age group (70.08 to 64.94 per 100 AAA rupture admissions, p value <0.001) and males (73.23 to 71.7 per 100 AAA rupture admissions, p value <0.001). However, hospitalizations from AAA rupture increased in age group 45-64 (14.41 to 15.43 per 100 AAA rupture admissions, p value <0.001), age 84+ (15.21 to 19.2 per 100 AAA rupture admissions, p value < 0.001) and females (26.28 to 28.28 per 100 AAA rupture admissions, p value <0.001). In-hospital mortality from AAA rupture decreased in all age and gender sub-groups independently. Conclusion: Our study reveals that post screening recommendations, hospitalizations for AAA decreased significantly in the age group 65-84 years. Also, hospitalizations from AAA rupture decreased in males and age group 65-84, with increase in other age sub groups (45-64 and 84+) and females. Thus, screening recommendations have resulted in decreased hospitalizations in specified age-gender subgroup likely from early recognition and better control of risk factors as outpatient. Our study also makes case to consider extension of recommendations to include other susceptible groups though prospective studies might be needed to support the data.

scholarly journals Prevalence of refractive errors by age and gender in patients reporting to ophthalmology department.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (09) ◽  
pp. 1989-1994
Author(s):  
Adeel Ahmed Siddiqui ◽  
Muhammad Ajmal Chaudhary ◽  
Muhammad Zafar Ullah ◽  
Majid Hussain ◽  
Nadeem Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Ocular Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Objectives: To determine the age and gender specific prevalence of different refractive errors in the patients presenting to the Ophthalmology Departments of the tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Analytical Cross-sectional study. Setting: Departments of Outpatient Ophthalmology at THQ Hospital Kabirwala, The Children’s Hospital & The Institute of Child Health Multan and Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Period: January 2020 to May 2020. Material & Methods: A total of 400 patients ≥ 4 years age of either gender were included. Patients with history of ocular surgery, trauma and advanced fundus disease were excluded. Age and gender of the patients was noted. Clinical examination and autorefraction were carried out. Quantitative data is presented as mean ± SD and qualitative data as frequency and percentages. Chi-square test is used to assess the association of refractive errors with age groups and gender. Results: Median age of the participants was 20 years (range 04 – 92 years). Males constituted 58% (n = 232) of the study participants. Most common refractive error were astigmatism (n=298, 74.5%) and myopia in 187 (46.75%) patients. Prevalence of myopia was significantly higher (p-value < 0.001) in 11-20 (39.6%) and 21-40 (34.2%) years age group and in males (64.7%, p-value 0.01). Hypermetropia was significantly higher (p-value <0.001) in 4-10 (36.8%) and ≥ 41 (38.7%) years age group with no gender predilection. Conclusion: This study shows prevalence of myopia being highest in males age 11-40 years and prevalence of hypermetropia being highest in children between 4-10 year and elderly ≥ 41 year with no gender predilection.

scholarly journals Efficacy of site of pallor to detect anemia and its correlation with etiology in under five children

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Divya Krishnan K. ◽  
K. Shreedhara Avabratha ◽  
K. Varadaraj Shenoy ◽  
Anand K. V.
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Control Study

Background: The diagnosis and management of anemia largely depends on clinical assessment for pallor. Objective was to evaluate the usefulness of clinical pallor to detect anemia, to correlate pallor with grades and etiology of anemia.  Methods: This case control study included 300 children in the age group of 6months to 5years. Pallor was assessed in four sites conjunctiva, tongue, nailbed and palm. Children with pallor at any one site were taken as study group (n=150) and without pallor at all 4 sites as controls (n=150). Hemoglobin estimation and other relevant investigations were done. Anemia was diagnosed according to WHO criterion (Hb<11 g/dl in 6 months-5 years) and graded as mild, moderate and severe.Results: Both groups were comparable in characteristics of age and gender (p value>0.05). In pallor group, 119 had anemia, whereas non pallor control group had 45 anemics. Sensitivity and specificity of pallor for anemia detection were 72.6% and 77.2% respectively. Maximum sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were found for palmar pallor. Tongue turned out to be least sensitive for identifying pallor. All the four sites were found to have statistically significant correlation in identifying mild, moderate and severe grades of anemia. Among causes of anemia; iron deficiency anemia was the etiology in 81.1% of cases. Pallor at each site showed no statistically significant correlation with etiology.Conclusions:Pallor is useful in detecting anemia. Multiple site examination is suggested as its increases the sensitivity. No positive correlation observed between pallor and its etiology.  

scholarly journals Risk of death by age and gender from CoVID-19 in Peru, March-May, 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Munayco ◽  
Gerardo Chowell ◽  
Amna Tariq ◽  
Eduardo A Undurraga ◽  
Kenji Mizumoto
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Mortality Burden ◽  
And Gender

Peru implemented strict social distancing measures during the early phase of the epidemic and is now experiencing one of the largest CoVID-19 epidemics in Latin America. Estimates of disease severity are an essential indicator to inform policy decisions about the intensity and duration of interventions needed to mitigate the outbreak. Here we derive delay-adjusted case fatality rates (aCFR) of CoVID-19 in a middle-income country in South America. We used government-reported time series of CoVID-19 cases and deaths stratified by age group and gender. Our estimates as of May 25, 2020, of the aCFR for men and women are 10.8% (95%CrI: 10.5-11.1%) and 6.5% (95%CrI: 6.2-6.8%), respectively, and an overall aCFR of 9.1% (95%CrI: 8.9-9.3%). Our results show that senior individuals are the most severely affected by CoVID-19, particularly men, with aCFR of almost 60% for those aged 80- years. We found that men have a significantly higher cumulative morbidity ratio than women across most age groups (proportion test, p-value< 0.001), with the exception of those aged 0-9 years. The COVID-19 epidemic is imposing a large mortality burden in Peru. Senior individuals, especially those who are older than 70 years of age, are being disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologies — An Institutional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1725-1730
Author(s):  
Sam John Koshy ◽  
Madhulaxmi M ◽  
Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Common Type ◽  
P Value ◽  
Gender Preference ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Single Institution ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender

Oral and pathology infers all the diseases of the mouth and structures related to the mouth inclusive of salivary glands, joints (TMJ), facial muscles and skin. Management of oral and pathology remains one of the most universally performed procedures by oral and surgeons. Lesions of the oral and region are a group of heterogeneous diseases with a wide spectrum of characteristics. Predictability of lesions helps in rightly predicting, diagnosing, treating and eliminating that arise in the oral cavity. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of oral and encountered in a single institution. This is a single retrospective study done from June 2019 – March 2020. Sixty-five patients who were diagnosed with a pathology pertaining to the oral and region were considered. Lesions were grouped as a cyst, tumors, infections, salivary gland and others for better understanding and interpretation. The parameters examined and processed with relevance to oral and pathology were type of lesion, age and gender of the patient. IBM SPSS Version 20 was used for statistical analysis. Out of a total of 65 patients considered with oral and pathological lesion requiring surgical management, the most common type of pathology was a cyst (40.0%) followed by tumors (21.5%). Gender predilection for oral and pathology was evident with greater incidence among males (63.1%) with p value = 0.049 &lt; 0.05, by chi square test and in an age group of 21-30 years (30.8%) with p value = 0.044 &lt; 0.05 by chi square test. This study concludes to establish the predominance of oral and that arise in the age group of 21-30 years with a gender preference to males over females. The most common pathology was cysts, followed by tumors with cyst (53.8%) and (35.7%) being most common in their respective pathological genre.

scholarly journals The bowel and beyond: extracolonic findings from CT colonography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Lambe ◽  
Peter Hughes ◽  
Louise Rice ◽  
Caoimhe McDonnell ◽  
Mark Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Colonography ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Potential Significance ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Extracolonic Findings ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
And Gender

AbstractCT colonography has emerged as the investigation of choice for suspected colorectal cancer in patients when a colonoscopy in incomplete, is deemed high risk or is declined because of patient preference. Unlike a traditional colonoscopy, it frequently reveals extracolonic as well as colonic findings. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence, characteristics and potential significance of extracolonic findings on CT colonography within our own institution. A retrospective review was performed of 502 patients who underwent CT colonography in our institution between January 1, 2010 and January 4, 2015. Of 502 patients, 60.63% had at least one extracolonic finding. This was close to other similar-sized studies (Kumar et al. Radiology 236(2):519–526, 2005). However, our rate of E4 findings was significantly higher than that reported in larger studies at 5.3%(Pooler et al. AJR 206:313–318, 2016). The difference may be explained by our combination of symptomatic/screening patients or by the age and gender distribution of our population. Our study lends support to the hypothesis that CT colonography may be particularly useful in identifying clinically significant extracolonic findings in symptomatic patients. CT colonography may allow early identification of extracolonic malignancies and life-threatening conditions such as an abdominal aortic aneurysm at a preclinical stage when they are amenable to medical or surgical intervention. However, extracolonic findings may also result in unnecessary investigations for subsequently benign findings.

scholarly journals Circumstances of fall-related injuries by age and gender among community-dwelling adults in the United States

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e0176561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lava R. Timsina ◽  
Joanna L. Willetts ◽  
Melanye J. Brennan ◽  
Helen Marucci-Wellman ◽  
David A. Lombardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Truancy in the United States: Examining temporal trends and correlates by race, age, and gender

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 188-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandy R. Maynard ◽  
Michael G. Vaughn ◽  
Erik J. Nelson ◽  
Christopher P. Salas-Wright ◽  
David A. Heyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Escherichia coli as uropathogen: antibiotic susceptibility profiling

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Anuja Jha ◽  
Manju Agrawal ◽  
Arvind Neral ◽  
Rajesh Hishikar ◽  
Basant Maheshwari
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Uncomplicated Cystitis

Background: Empirically chosen antibiotics based on the local resistance pattern of uropathogens remain the principle treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI).Methods: Antibiogram of most frequent uropathogen was determined. Based on the antibiogram result, authors compared effectiveness of drugs recommended for UTI by National centre for disease control (NCDC), India, and assessed age and gender based variability in the effectiveness of these drugs.Results: 1278 urine samples were accounted, of which 405 samples showed significant growth. E. coli was the most common uropathogen (n=146, 36%) followed by enterococcus species (31%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%). Using McNemar’s test authors found that nitrofurantoin (90% sensitivity) was statistically the most effective drug among drugs recommended by NCDC for uncomplicated cystitis. Furthermore, authors used Fisher’s exact test on adults and paediatrics and found that significant difference in effectiveness was observed for nitrofurantoin (p-value <0.001) and cotrimoxazole (p-value 0.034). Using logistic regression, authors found that with age, effectiveness of ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole deteriorate significantly (p-value 0.021 and 0.002 respectively). Additionally, authors observed that cotrimoxazole has significantly better efficacy in males compared to females (p-value 0.022).Conclusions: In accordance with present study, nitrofurantoin can be used as first line treatment for uncomplicated cystitis. Age and gender should be considered while prescribing empirical treatment for UTI. Periodic surveillance should be carried out to identify the on-going pattern of antibiogram to update the guideline for empirical therapy.

scholarly journals Urothelial carcinoma and its association with age and gender.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1719-1723
Author(s):  
Rukhsana Parveen Samo ◽  
Asim Mehmood ◽  
Sana Kashif
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Health Science ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Histological Grading ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

Objectives: To determine the urothelial carcinoma and its association with age and gender. Study Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Pathology department of Liaquat university of Medical and Health Science. Period: One year from January 2016 to December 2016. Material and Methods: Four micrometer thick paraffin-embedded and formalin-fixed sections were prepared from transurethral resection6of bladder6tumor (TURBT) samples of urothelial carcinoma patients and were examined. Histological grading was categorized as low and high grades. All the data was collected by self-made proforma. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 20. Results: Total 83 cases were enrolled in current study; their mean age was 49.19+12.33 years. Males were found in the majority 51(61.4%) and females were 32(38.6%). Most common age group was 46-60 years 36(43.4%). According to the histological grading high grade was most common as 65.10%, and low grade urothelial carcinoma was 34.90%. There was no significant difference according to age of histological grading. Male gender was most common, while progression of disease was higher among females in contrast to males as high grade carcinoma was significantly higher among females, p-value 0.014. Conclusion: It was concluded that male gender is the contributing factor of urothelial carcinoma, but disease progression significantly high among females. No significant association has been found according to age.

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