Abstract 86: Increasing World-Wide Stroke Burden, 2010-2017

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry B Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Uncertainty Interval ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Related Mortality

Introduction: Although stroke-related mortality decreased over the last 3- decades, there is concern that morbidity and death rates may have increased over recent years. Methods: World-wide data available from the Institute for Health Metrics Evaluation’s Global Health Data Exchange (ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd) was analyzed to determine changes in stroke incidence, prevalence, death rates and associated disability adjusted life years (DALYs) between 2010-2017. Results: Over the 7-year period, global stroke incidence increased by 5.3% (148, 95% Uncertainty Interval, 140-157 to 156, 95% UI 146-168 per 100,000), prevalence by 19.3% (1,143, 95% UI 1,099-1,192 to 1,364, 95% UI 1,289-1,441 per 100,000), mortality by 5.3% (79, 95% UI 78-80 to 81, 95% UI 79-83 per 100,000) and DALYs by 2.7% (1,683, 95% UI 1,626-1,739 to 1,728, 95% UI 1,656-1,798 per 100,000). The Figure gives global trends for each metric between 1990-2017 (+/- 95% UI) and shows an increase in incidence and prevalence over the entire period with initial declines in mortality and DALYs that leveled off between about 2005-2013 and subsequently increased. Conclusion: The global burden of stroke is increasing. As other data suggest that most of the previous decline in stroke-related mortality was related to improvements in risk factor control, these data indicate that population level programs to reduce risk may need to be reinforced.

scholarly journals Disease burden of bloodstream infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria: a population-level study—Japan, 2015-2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Tsuzuki ◽  
Nobuaki Matsunaga ◽  
Koji Yahara ◽  
Keigo Shibayama ◽  
Motoyuki Sugai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Uncertainty Interval ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Bacteriological Test

SummaryBackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem. However, quantitative evaluation of its disease burden is challenging. This study aimed to estimate the disease burden of bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by major antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in Japan between 2015 and 2018 in terms of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs).MethodsWe estimated the DALYs of BSIs caused by the six major antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in Japan by utilising comprehensive national surveillance data of all routine bacteriological test results from more than 1,400 hospitals between 2015 and 2018. We modified the methodology of a previous study by Cassini and colleagues to enable comparison of our results with those in other countries.ResultsWe estimated that 135.8 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 128.6-142.9) DALYs per 100,000 population was attributable to BSIs caused by the six antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in 2018. Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (FQREC), and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli (3GREC) accounted for 88.6% of the total. The burden did not decrease during the study period and was highest in people aged 65 years or older.ConclusionOur results revealed for the first time the disease burden of BSIs caused by six major antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in Japan. The estimated disease burden associated with AMR in Japan is substantial and has not begun to decrease. Notably, the burden from FQREC and 3GREC has increased steadily and that from MRSA is larger than EU/EEA area, whereas that from other bacteria was comparatively small. Our results are expected to provide useful information for healthcare policymakers for prioritising interventions for AMR.FundingMinistry of Health, Labour and Welfare research grant (20HA2003); Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development Research Program on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (JP19fk0108061)

scholarly journals Global Burden of Stroke

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (02) ◽  
pp. 208-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Katan ◽  
Andreas Luft
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Life Years Lost

AbstractStroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. Its incidence is increasing because the population ages. In addition, more young people are affected by stroke in low- and middle-income countries. Ischemic stroke is more frequent but hemorrhagic stroke is responsible for more deaths and disability-adjusted life-years lost. Incidence and mortality of stroke differ between countries, geographical regions, and ethnic groups. In high-income countries mainly, improvements in prevention, acute treatment, and neurorehabilitation have led to a substantial decrease in the burden of stroke over the past 30 years. This article reviews the epidemiological and clinical data concerning stroke incidence and burden around the globe.

Abstract P116: The Impact of Diet Low in Fruits and Vegetables on Cardiovascular Disease Burden Across 195 Countries in 2015

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J Sur ◽  
Ashkan Afshin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: While cardio-protective effects of fruits and vegetables are well-established, the impact of their suboptimal intake on the CVD burden across nations and levels of development has not been evaluated. Objective: To systematically quantify the burden of CVD attributable to low intake of fruits and low intake of vegetables in 195 countries by age, sex, country, and development status in 2015. Methods: We obtained data on consumption of fruits and vegetables from nationally or subnationally representative nutrition surveys and data on their national availability from the UN FAO. Etiologic effect sizes of fruits and vegetables on CVD endpoints were obtained from meta- analyses of prospective cohort studies. The optimal level of intakes for each was determined based on the levels associated with lowest risk of mortality in prospective observational studies. A comparative risk assessment analysis was conducted to quantify the proportion of disability- adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to low intake of each. The variation of this burden was further evaluated across different levels of our newly developed socio-demographic index (SDI). Results: In 2015, low intake of fruits accounted for 57.3 (95% UI: 37.1- 78.4) million DALYs due to CVD globally (41.5% from IHD and 58.5% from stroke). Low intake of vegetable caused 44.6 (23.6- 68.8) million CVD DALYs (67.3% IHD and 32.7% stroke). The highest burden of CVD attributable to low intake of fruits and vegetables was seen in the middle and low-middle SDI quintiles (17.2 and 14.3% of total DALYs), while the lowest burden for each was seen in high and high-middle SDI quintiles (12.7 and 11.2%). At the country level, the attributable CVD burden ranged from 5.1% of total DALYs (Rwanda) to 23.2% (Bangladesh) for low intake of fruit and from 5.9% (North Korea) to 19.4% (Mongolia) for low intake of vegetable. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that population inventions to increase consumption of fruits and vegetables at population level could save millions of life years globally. Figure. Age-standardized proportion of disability-adjusted life years attributable to low intake of fruits (A) and vegetables (B) from cardiovascular disease among adults (> 25y) in 2015.

Risk factor intervention at the population level

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 873-882
Author(s):  
Eva Prescott ◽  
Torben Jørgensen ◽  
Maja-Lisa Løchen ◽  
Jonathan Pearson-Stuttard ◽  
Simon Capewell
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Convenience Stores ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Unhealthy Diet

Great health benefits can be achieved if preventive efforts are focused on whole populations rather than mainly on high-risk individuals. Tobacco smoking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, alcohol abuse, and air pollution are responsible for a large proportion of global deaths and loss of disability-adjusted life years and there are documented effects of interventions at the population level on all of these factors. Population-based strategies include fiscal measures (i.e. taxation and subsidies), international, national, and regional policy regulations and legislation (e.g. smoke-free policies, rules for marketing, food production), and environmental changes (e.g. access to recreational areas, convenience stores), and have the advantages of addressing cardiovascular health over the entire life course, reducing health inequalities and saving costs when compared to individual-level interventions.

scholarly journals Prediction of disability-adjusted life years for diseases due to low fruit intake in 2017–2040 in Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Daisuke Yoneoka ◽  
Shuhei Nomura ◽  
Shiori Tanaka ◽  
Aya Ishizuka ◽  
Ueda Peter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Reference Scenario ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

Abstract Objective: The current study aimed to predict disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rate in Japan through 2040 with plausible future scenarios of fruit intake for neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes and kidney diseases (DKD). Design: Data from National Health and Nutrition Surveys and the Global Burden of Diseases study in 2017 were used. We developed an autoregressive integrated moving average model with four future scenarios. Reference scenario maintains the current trend. Best scenario assumes that the goal defined in Health Japan 21 is achieved in 2023 and is kept constant afterwards. Moderate scenario assumes that the goal is achieved in 2040. Constant scenario applies the same proportion of 2016 for the period between 2017 and 2040. Setting: DALY rates in Japan were predicted for the period between 2017 and 2040. Participants: Population aged more than than 20 years old. Results: In our reference forecast, the DALY rates in all-ages group were projected to be stable for CVD and continue increasing for neoplasms and DKD. Age group-specific DALY rates for these three disease groups were forecasted to decrease, with some exceptions. Among men aged 20–49 years, DALY attributable to CVD differed substantially between the scenarios, implying that there is a significant potential for reducing the burden of CVD by increasing fruit intake at the population level. Conclusions: Our scenario analysis shows that higher fruit intake is associated with lower disease burden in Japan. Further research is required to assess which policies and interventions can be used to achieve an increase in fruit intake as modelled in the scenarios of the current study.

scholarly journals Burden of salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis and listeriosis: a time series analysis, Belgium, 2012 to 2020

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (38) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charline Maertens de Noordhout ◽  
Brecht Devleesschauwer ◽  
Juanita A Haagsma ◽  
Arie H Havelaar ◽  
Sophie Bertrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Autoregressive Model ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Uncertainty Interval ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Poisson Autoregressive Model

Salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis and listeriosis are food-borne diseases. We estimated and forecasted the number of cases of these three diseases in Belgium from 2012 to 2020, and calculated the corresponding number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The salmonellosis time series was fitted with a Bai and Perron two-breakpoint model, while a dynamic linear model was used for campylobacteriosis and a Poisson autoregressive model for listeriosis. The average monthly number of cases of salmonellosis was 264 (standard deviation (SD): 86) in 2012 and predicted to be 212 (SD: 87) in 2020; campylobacteriosis case numbers were 633 (SD: 81) and 1,081 (SD: 311); listeriosis case numbers were 5 (SD: 2) in 2012 and 6 (SD: 3) in 2014. After applying correction factors, the estimated DALYs for salmonellosis were 102 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 8–376) in 2012 and predicted to be 82 (95% UI: 6–310) in 2020; campylobacteriosis DALYs were 1,019 (95% UI: 137–3,181) and 1,736 (95% UI: 178–5,874); listeriosis DALYs were 208 (95% UI: 192–226) in 2012 and 252 (95% UI: 200–307) in 2014. New actions are needed to reduce the risk of food-borne infection with Campylobacter spp. because campylobacteriosis incidence may almost double through 2020.

scholarly journals Burden of multiple sclerosis in Iran from 1990 to 2017

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Fattahi ◽  
Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam ◽  
Farnam Mohebi ◽  
Negar Rezaei ◽  
Masoud Masinaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
National Level ◽  
Uncertainty Interval ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Standardized Mortality Rate

Abstract Background Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a burdensome, chronic and autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. We aimed to report the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) of MS in Iran at a national level for different age and sex groups over a period of 28 years (1990–2017). Methods Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) from 1990 to 2017, published by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. The incidence of DALYs and prevalence of MS were estimated to report the burden of MS based on sex and age in Iran from 1990 to 2017. Results At the national level, the Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR), Age-Standardized Prevalence Rate (ASPR), Age-Standardized DALYs Rate (ASDR) and the Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) in Iran in 2017 were 2.4 (95% Uncertainty Interval [UI]: 2.1 to 2.7), 69.5 (62.1 to 77.8), 29.1 (23.6 to 34.7), and 0.4 (0.3 to 0.4) per 100,000 population, respectively. During the period of 1990 to 2017, all measures increased, and were higher among females. The incidence rate began upward trend at the age of 20 and attained its highest level at the age of 25. Conclusion In Iran, all of the age-standardized MS rates have been increasing during the 28 years from 1990 to 2017. Our findings can help policy makers and health planners to design and communicate their plans and to have a better resource allocation, depending on the incidence and prevalence of the growing numbers of MS patients in Iran.

scholarly journals Burden of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders in Nepal, 1990-2017: An Analysis of Global Burden of Disease Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa Kumari Bhatta ◽  
Kreeti Budhathoki ◽  
Kiran Paudel ◽  
Shishir Paudel ◽  
Sujan Babu Marhatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Uncertainty Interval ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

Objectives: This study aims to describe the burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in Nepal in terms of incidence, prevalence, YLDs, and DALYs by age and sex. Design: An ecological study on disease burden. Methods: We used the publicly available Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data from 1990 to 2017. The age and sex-specific incidence, prevalence rate, Years Lived with Disability (YLDs), and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) were examined among per 100,000 populations. Results: Females had a higher prevalence of depressive 4094.4 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 3761.9-4470.3 per 100,000) and anxiety 4496.8 (95% UI: 4171.9-4837.9 per 100,000) disorders. The prevalence of major depressive disorders was comparatively higher in females (2766.7) than males (1822.9). Females also had higher YLDs for both depressive and anxiety disorders. In 2017, higher DALYs of anxiety disorder were found in the females of 45-49 years (630.1). Childhood sexual abuse was found to be the main risk factor for depressive disorder, contributing to 32.5 DALYs in both sexes. Bullying, victimization had contributed to 26.7 DALYs of anxiety. Conclusions: The high burden of disorders in females would support in identifying major mental health challenges in Nepal and develop plans and various preventive, curative, and rehabilitative strategies.

scholarly journals Health benefits and costs of weight-loss dietary counselling by nurses in primary care: a cost-effectiveness analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine L Cleghorn ◽  
Nick Wilson ◽  
Nisha Nair ◽  
Giorgi Kvizhinadze ◽  
Nhung Nghiem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Uncertainty Interval ◽  
Dietary Counselling ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjective:We aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of brief weight-loss counselling by dietitian-trained practice nurses, in a high-income-country case study.Design:A literature search of the impact of dietary counselling on BMI was performed to source the ‘best’ effect size for use in modelling. This was combined with multiple other input parameters (e.g. epidemiological and cost parameters for obesity-related diseases, likely uptake of counselling) in an established multistate life-table model with fourteen parallel BMI-related disease life tables using a 3 % discount rate.Setting:New Zealand (NZ).Participants:We calculated quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) gained and health-system costs over the remainder of the lifespan of the NZ population alive in 2011 (n 4·4 million).Results:Counselling was estimated to result in an increase of 250 QALY (95 % uncertainty interval −70, 560 QALY) over the population’s lifetime. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 2011 $NZ 138 200 per QALY gained (2018 $US 102 700). Per capita QALY gains were higher for Māori (Indigenous population) than for non-Māori, but were still not cost-effective. If willingness-to-pay was set to the level of gross domestic product per capita per QALY gained (i.e. 2011 $NZ 45 000 or 2018 $US 33 400), the probability that the intervention would be cost-effective was 2 %.Conclusions:The study provides modelling-level evidence that brief dietary counselling for weight loss in primary care generates relatively small health gains at the population level and is unlikely to be cost-effective.

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