HUMAN IDENTITY AND REFORMATIONAL SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY

2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-37
Author(s):  
Roel Kuiper
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Systematic Character

Reformational philosophy views reality structured as an original and meaningful order, created by God.1 Reality is open to systematic research and contemplation because it reflects a coherent order in its structures. It is this order that also gives human society a systematic character. Institutions, communities, relations, regulations, cultural patterns, social customs and manners, all held together in a more or less coherent manner, shape society in a regular way. In this article I will concentrate on patterns and conditions of social life that serve as a framework for human identity. Identity refers to social belonging: the conscious consideration of someone’s position in a given social order, like established communities, nations and families. We develop personal and collective identities in response to social and cultural patterns. It is impossible to gain an awareness of what it means to be a person without a structured social milieu. Being human means being part of a meaningful social order. My question is to what extent reformational philosophy — viewing reality as a meaningful order — provides a framework for the study of human identity. For an answer to that question I want to examine the social philosophy of Herman Dooyeweerd.

scholarly journals Transgression of Concepts of Natural Knowledge in Social Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
Zhanna V. Chashina
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
Human Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Quantum Approach

Introduction. The problem of the search for the ways of understanding of the picture of the world and, as a consequence, the development of an approach to the social management is relevant for all times of the existence of mankind. A human is basically a biological phenomenon, therefore, the natural order should be regarded as the basis of the social order. Having in mind this formulation of the question, it becomes necessary to analyze modern concepts of natural science in understanding not only ontological vision of human society, but also developing new ways of its understanding. Materials and Methods. The theoretical and methodological approach was based on the concepts of natural science including the theories of evolutionism, quantum mechanics and synergetics. Using the model transfer of these theories to the idea of social development, the author proposes the methodology based on the principle of interdependence of the theories analyzed in the article. Results. An analysis within the framework of the described theories has shown that according to the evolutionary model, progress is assumed to be taken for granted. Linear scenarios are useful only at the stage of forecasting and provoke a passivity of existence, which leads to deadlocks in development. In the synergetic model, society is represented as a complex open system characterized by opposite trends: destruction, manifesting itself as entropy, and creation, or negentropy. Progress depends on changes that help to survive. If the synergistic picture of the world appears in the form of an order that is formed from chaos, then in a quantum one – society is chaos in the originally existing order. Consequently, the presence of a goal-oriented vector compels a person to move towards the restoration of the system, in particular society, to its initial or even higher level of organization. Discussion and Conclusion. A progressive evolutionary model is manifested in the form of successful adaptation, synergetic combines the idea of evolutionism with the idea of multivariance of the historical process. The quantum approach continues the idea of multivariance, but unlike classical synergetics, it assumes a goal-oriented nature of development. In fact, these approaches do not express contradiction, but the disclosure of the multidimensional development of being, therefore, it is necessary to take into account their interdependence, which allows a more productive cognition of reality in order to manage it.

scholarly journals Znaczenie uroczystości kultowych w życiu społecznym armii rzymskiej okresu pryncypatu w świetle Feriale duranum

Vox Patrum ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 273-286
Author(s):  
Tomasz Dziurdzik
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Free Time ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Communities

The aim of the present paper is to thoroughly reconstruct the meaning of the official cult ceremonies for the social life of the Roman Imperial army. Crucial to the analysis is the evidence produced by the Feriale Duranum, a papyrus docu­ment dating to the reign of Severus Alexander, but supported also by other sources. The matter of loyalty to the state and ruler is characteristic of most military ceremonies. Hierarchy and social order are emphasised as well, all four being values important for the military ideology. Participation in the same rites influ­enced the morale and esprit de corps not only in a particular unit, but also within the whole army. Therefore one can view the rites as an expression of a military identity, serving also to distinguish the soldiers as a separate social group. The of­ficial holidays were also of importance for the private life of a soldier, being one of few occasions when exemption from work and free time were granted. This made such ceremonies a welcome break from camp routine. As such, the official military religious rites were vital for the social life of both individual soldiers and military communities, be it units or even the whole army.

scholarly journals Gift Game Metatheory: Social Interaction and Interpersonal Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Alonso-Bastarreche ◽  
Alberto I. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Moral Agent ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Methodology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Systematic Character ◽  
Philosophical Framework

This paper analyzes Game Theory (GT) from the point of view of moral psychology and makes explicit some of its assumptions regarding the human person as a moral agent, as well as the ends of human action, and reciprocity. Using a largely philosophical methodology, we will argue that GT assumes an instrumental form of rationality underpinned by a logic of self-interest, hence placing individuals, communities, and their social practices in service of external goods and their maximization. Because of this, GT is not adequate to describe the entirety of human social existence and interaction. Nevertheless, by revealing these assumptions, GT can be amplified with another form of rationality based on realist ethics and a personalist anthropology reinforced by the logic of gift. This rationality values the singularity of each person as a holistic unity, as the center of the social realm and as an end in herself called to growth and flourishing with others, nurturing the human community through giving and receiving. We will thus provide a wider philosophical framework for GT with a series of non-mathematical axioms of what can be called a Game Metatheory (GMt). These axioms refer to society as a complex system, not to particular interactions. GMt axioms are not a model of social games, but rather an axiomatic description of social life as a game, revealing its systematic character, complexity, and possible deterioration.

scholarly journals Individual and Social in L.I. Petrazhitsky's Philosophy of Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-523
Author(s):  
Leonid Yu. Kornilaev
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Mental Life ◽  
Emotional Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law ◽  
Theory Of Law

Along with competing legal concepts of positivism and gnoseologism in the second half of the 19th century, a direction of legal psychology was formed, within which the psychological theory of law by the Russian and Polish lawyer L.I. Petrazhitsky takes a prominent place. L.I. Petrazhitsky's legal theory interprets the law as a mental phenomenon in a person's mind. The mental life forms the internal and external legal behavior. Studying the law becomes possible only by analyzing the subject's particular kind of emotional life - legal experience. Our focus on the individual's emotional world gives us reason to think of the theory as individualistic, i.e., close to the subject's mental life. At the same time, the Russian lawyer's psychological doctrine also gains explanatory potential for scrutinizing social life. It contains ideas that reveal such mechanisms of social functioning as the affirmation of the ideal of love as the ultimate goal of law-making, the priority of unofficial law in the life of society, and a specific interpretation of public and private law. The system of legal emotions is carried out on the social niveau and establishes such values as love and social order. The article reconstructs the main provisions of Petrazhitsky's psychological theory of law from the point of view of the interaction of its individual and social sides. The social potential of the Russian lawyer's theory appears capable of supplementing and explaining the ideas of socialism and sobornost discussed widely at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Petrazhitsky's individualistic doctrine appears as a flexible concept, capable of fitting organically into various philosophical and sociological contexts.

scholarly journals Local Wisdoms on Luang Island, Southwest Moluccas, Indonesia and Its Implementation in Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Kalvin Karuna ◽  
Henderika Serpara
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Culture Shift ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Pattern

Local wisdom included cultural patterns of interpretation of certain localities, pure values, and unwritten norms, which serve the social life of a community and environment to regulate. The head of the ethnic groups in the community makeup but worries that the local wisdom are in danger lost to go. This article describes the current state of local wisdom as a cultural pattern of interpretation on the Luang Island - Indonesia. In addition, the manners, customs, and traditions of the community on the island are observed and an interview with four teenagers and ahead of the community is performed. The results of the observation and the interview are then presented and analyzed. The analysis has shown the following: (a) there are several local wisdom, which the harmony of the life of the community on the Luang island and the environment build may, for example, "urgeni, te'wa, hrukwu mnyota, hlili mnyota, lyola" (b) the local wisdom has one long tradition in the community. However, this seems lost to go because of the way of life of the local population. As a result, the valuable wisdom is in a “culture shift” situation. The local wisdom should to be used in the classroom, so that students as young generation be sensitized and note taking this wisdom.

scholarly journals CHANGING SOCIAL VALUES AND MUSIC

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1SE) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Suvarna Tawse
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Special Effect ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Complex Emotions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Musical Traditions

Music is a symbolic symbol of artistic achievements and musical traditions of human society. Music is considered as the social cultural heritage of society.When memories, anxiety, malice, mental tension, emotion and complex emotions make social life monotonous and rooted, then the arts especially the music arts have a special effect on the social value of society. संगीत मानव समाज की कलात्मक उपलब्धियों एवं सांगीतिक परम्पराओं का मूर्तिमान प्रतीक है।संगीत समाज की सामाजिक सांस्कृतिक विरासत मानी जाती है।जब स्मृतियाँँ,चिन्ता,द्वेष,मानसिक तनाव,आवेष तथा जटिल भावना,सामाजिक जीवन को नीरस तथा जड़ बना देती है तब कलाएँ विषेषकर संगीत कला समाज व्यक्ति के सामाजिक मूल्य पर विषेष प्रभाव डालती है।

Individuality and Achievement in South Indian Social History

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattison Mines
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
South Indian ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Importance

One of the unresolved issues of Indian anthorpology is how to characterize and weigh the social importance of individuality and achievement in Indian social history. Of course, the individual as ‘empirical agent’ exists in India as everywhere (Dumont 1970a:9), yet because Hindu culture stresses collective identities over those of the individual, individual achievement, which is a measure of individuality, has been overlooked and sometimes outrightly rejected as a cause of history and social order (Dumont 1970a:107; 1970b; cf. Silverberg 1968). In consequence, the motivations underlying achievement that might explain historic action have also been ignored. This undervaluing of individuality and achievement has given rise to a long debate among South Asianists about the role of the individual in Indian society (e.g., Marriott 1968, 1969; Tambiah 1972:835; Beteille 1986, 1987), a debate that raises questions in wider arenas about the nature of society and culture in relation to individuals (e.g. Brown 1988; Mines 1988).

Society, concept of

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus Ross
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Collective Agreement ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Real Essence

The term ‘society’ is broader than ‘human society’. Many other species are described as possessing a social way of life. Yet mere gregariousness, of the kind found in a herd of cattle or a shoal of fish, is not enough to constitute a society. For the biologist, the marks of the social are cooperation (extending beyond cooperation between parents in raising young) and some form of order or division of labour. In assessing the merits of attempts to provide a more precise definition of society, we can ask whether the definition succeeds in capturing our intuitive understanding of the term, and also whether it succeeds in identifying those features of society which are most fundamental from an explanatory point of view – whether it captures the Lockean ‘real essence’ of society. One influential approach seeks to capture the idea of society by characterizing social action, or interaction, in terms of the particular kinds of awareness it involves. Another approach focuses on social order, seeing it as a form of order that arises spontaneously when rational and mutually aware individuals succeed in solving coordination problems. Yet another approach focuses on the role played by communication in achieving collective agreement on the way the world is to be classified and understood, as a precondition of coordination and cooperation.

Piety and Wisdom in Socrates

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Legaspi
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Moral Order ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Rational Discourse ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Intellectual Limitations

For Socrates, wisdom begins with the recognition of a moral order that identifies human flourishing with the life of virtue. The virtuous individual lives in harmony with a world governed by divine benevolence and characterized by justice. Because virtue is found in people in varying degrees, the social order is not necessarily ordered to wisdom and is, at times, inimical to it. Social life is the venue for a pursuit of wisdom in which rational discourse—as opposed to power and manipulation—structures a search for the good. Rational discourse, however, also reveals human moral and intellectual limitations, such that any claim to know what is good must be held tentatively and kept open to revision. In the face of human ignorance and hostility, loyalty to the good is sustained by piety, or reverence for the good, and by integrity, the refusal to give up one’s own just life.

In Defense of Collective Consciousness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Callegaro
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Social Consciousness ◽  
Emile Durkheim ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Central Thesis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collective Representations

Within the repertoire of concepts that Emile Durkheim has forged to introduce sociology, none has attracted as much criticism or provoked more controversy as “collective consciousness”. This key concept has been accused of being at the same time absurd, inadequate, and dangerous. Having clarified to what extent the issue at stake concerns the social philosophy underlying sociology, the article reconstructs Durkheim’s perspective, in order to assess his central thesis: that there is no collective or social life without a collective or social consciousness. First, it clarifies the meaning of the “collective”, by analyzing the criteria of “constraint”: it thus brings out Durkheim’s reference to those obligations that give access to an irreducible collective being. Second, it elucidates the nature of “collective representations”, by examining Durkheim’s criticism of “consciousness”: it thus explains how the “representations” making up the collective are embedded into the dispositional “unconscious” of acting subjects. Finally, it analyzes the nature of “reflexive consciousness”, by reference to those practical situations that trigger a dynamic process allowing the members of a group to make collective representations explicit. The paper concludes by reassessing Durkheim’s argument: the concept of collective consciousness has a definite sociological meaning insofar as it allows us to grasp those crucial effervescent social phenomena that produce a conscious collective being, made of subjects able to say “we” in knowledge of the cause.

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