Composite materials fabricated from a conductive polymer with additions of battery waste powders and recycled copper wires

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110312
Author(s):  
Natalia Cardona-Vivas ◽  
Mauricio A Correa ◽  
Henry A Colorado
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Scanning Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Piezoresistive Sensors ◽  
Oxide Particles ◽  
Zinc Oxide Particles

A new multifunctional composite material manufactured from vinyl-acrylic resin and mixed with battery waste powders containing graphite, manganese oxide, and zinc oxide particles has been developed. The battery waste (BW) was obtained from a recycling company as a byproduct from the grinding process of primary batteries (alkaline and zinc carbon batteries). In addition, 24 and 28 AWG copper wires (CuW) were obtained from recycling circuit waste, which were added in 5, 10 and 15 wt% contents to form composite materials, with all CuW of 2 mm length. These formulations were characterized using scanning electronic microscopy, compression, density, and piezoresistivity tests. When copper was added to the composite material, the behavior of the sensor was linear, a characteristic desired in piezoresistive sensors since they do not need any additional configuration to obtain said linearity. As the percentage of copper increased, the sensitivity of the sensor decreased and the conductivity increased.

Surface Burn and Suppression in Grinding TC4 with Segmented CBN Cup Wheel

2011 ◽  
Vol 697-698 ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Ji Liu ◽  
Wu Yi Chen ◽  
Xun Li ◽  
Zhi Tong Chen ◽  
Xi Yue Zou
Keyword(s):  
Ground Surface ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Internal Cooling ◽  
Grinding Temperature ◽  
Scanning Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Surface Burn ◽  
Cup Wheel ◽  
Coating Layers

The study focused on surface burn of titanium alloy (TC4) in the grinding process using a novel segmented cup wheel with internal cooling structure. The threshold burn temperature was found in grinding TC4. Plastically deformed coating layers and micro-cracks were observed on ground surface by SEM (Scanning Electronic Microscopy) and depth of microstructure alterations was more than 180 microns in high temperature. Finally, a novel wheel with internal cooling structure was developed for reducing grinding temperature and suppressing surface burn.

Solution properties of polyaniline/carbon particle composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-307
Author(s):  
Huseyin Zengin ◽  
Erdal Bayir ◽  
Gulay Zengin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Carbon Particle ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Ionic Conductivities ◽  
Solution Properties ◽  
Different Temperatures

Abstract This study reports on the synthesis of polymer polyaniline, a conductive polymer by nature, and the preparation of polyaniline/carbon particle (PANI/CP) composites by in situ polymerization. The solution properties and conductivities in solution of synthesized PANI and PANI/CP materials were analyzed. The viscosity of PANI and PANI/CP composite materials in N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP) solvent at different temperatures was measured to examine their behavior in solution. Initially, the viscosity-molecular weight of PANI polymer was measured and calculated to be 78,521. The viscosities of PANI and PANI/CP composite materials decreased as the temperature increased. However, the viscosities of PANI/CP composite materials increased as the percent CP content in the composites increased. The ionic conductivities and pH changes in NMP solvent, measured at different concentrations of PANI and PANI/CP composite materials, and prepared in different ratios, were measured to investigate their behavior in solution. The ionic conductivities of PANI/CP composite materials increased as the percent CP content in the composites increased. Changes in the pH of PANI/CP composite materials decreased as the percent CP content in the composites increased. The conductivity of PANI/10% CP composite material in solution was greater than that of neat PANI polymer in solution; this indicated that CPs in PANI/10% CP composite materials made important positive contributions to the conductivities.

scholarly journals Syntheses of Colorless and Transparent Polyimide Membranes for Microfiltration

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1610
Author(s):  
Jong Won Kim ◽  
Jin-Hae Chang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Porous Membrane ◽  
Amic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Scanning Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer

Herein, poly(amic acid) (PAA) was synthesized using 4,4’-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) as a dianhydride and 2,2-bis(3-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane (6FAm) and 2,2-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane (6FAm-OH) as diamines. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) at various contents (0–5.0 wt%) was blended with PAA to prepare a composite material. Then, colorless and transparent polyimide (CPI) composite films were prepared by applying various stages of heat treatment using the PAA/PVA blend film as a precursor. These film-type composites were immersed in water to completely dissolve PVA, a water-soluble polymer, and their pore sizes were investigated to determine their potential as a porous membrane. According to the results of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), as the concentration of PVA increased from 0 to 5.0 wt% in the CPI/PVA composite films, the size of the pores resulting from the dissolution of water-soluble PVA increased. Further, the micrometer-sized pores were uniformly dispersed in the CPI films. The thermal properties, morphology, and optical transparency of the two types of CPI membranes synthesized using 6FAm and 6FAm-OH monomers were examined and compared.

scholarly journals Disposal of waste products from fibrous composite material

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F. Sagitova ◽  
G.I. Dusmetova ◽  
А.U. Ongalbayeva ◽  
Zh. Shuhanova ◽  
N.E. Botabaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Fibrous Composite ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Fibrous Composite Material ◽  
Mill Operation ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

The article proposes a method of processing fiberglass to obtain a fibrous component used as reinforcing filler for the manufacture of secondary composite materials. The obtained analytical dependencies can be used to develop the design of the mill elements, as well as to optimize the grinding process When disposing of products made of fibrous composite material, the following scheme is proposed. The proposed analytical method for determining the modes of the grinding process solves the problem of choosing the preferred parameters of the mill operation depending on its functional dimensions and properties of components in a fibrous secondary composite material.

Study of the Composite Materials Optimal Structure Containing a Hollow Aluminum and Silica Microsphere Dependence on Humidity

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Atyaksheva ◽  
Yermek Sarsikeyev ◽  
Anastasia Atyaksheva ◽  
Olga Galtseva ◽  
Alexander Rogachev
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Strength Function ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Optimal Structure ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Silica Microsphere ◽  
Heat Engineering

Aims:: The main goals of this research are exploration of energy-efficient building materials when replacing natural materials with industrial waste and development of the theory and practice of obtaining light and ultra-light gravel materials based on mineral binders and waste dump ash and slag mixtures of hydraulic removal. Background.: Experimental data on the conditions of formation of gravel materials containing hollow aluminum and silica microsphere with opportunity of receipt of optimum structure and properties depending on humidity with the using of various binders are presented in this article. This article dwells on the scientific study of opportunity physical-mechanical properties of composite materials optimization are considered. Objective.: Composite material contains hollow aluminum and silica microsphere. Method.: The study is based on the application of the method of separation of power and heat engineering functions. The method is based on the use of the factor structure optimality, which takes into account the primary and secondary stress fields of the structural gravel material. This indicates the possibility of obtaining gravel material with the most uniform distribution of nano - and microparticles in the gravel material and the formation of stable matrices with minimization of stress concentrations. Experiments show that the thickness of the cement shell, which performs power functions, is directly related to the size of the raw granules. At the same time, the thickness of the cement crust, regardless of the type of binder, with increasing moisture content has a higher rate of formation for granules of larger diameter. Results.: The conditions for the formation of gravel composite materials containing a hollow aluminosilicate microsphere are studied. The optimal structure and properties of the gravel composite material were obtained. The dependence of the strength function on humidity and the type of binder has been investigated. The optimal size and shape of binary form of gravel material containing a hollow aluminosilicate microsphere with a minimum thickness of a cement shell and a maximum strength function was obtained. Conclusion.: Received structure allows to separate power and heat engineering functions in material and to minimize the content of the excited environment centers.

Hierarchical ZSM-22/PHTS composite material and its hydro-isomerization performance in hydro-upgrading of gasoline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyuan Fan ◽  
Chengkun Xiao ◽  
Jinlin Mei ◽  
Cong Liu ◽  
Aijun Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Molar Ratios

CoMo series catalysts based on ZSM-22/PHTS (ZP) composite materials with different SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratios were prepared via the impregnation method. The properties of the ZP material and the corresponding catalysts...

scholarly journals Acoustic Emission and K-S Metric Entropy as Methods for Determining Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Lesław Kyzioł ◽  
Katarzyna Panasiuk ◽  
Grzegorz Hajdukiewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Dudzik
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Displacement Sensor ◽  
Metric Entropy ◽  
Plastic Phase

Due to the unique properties of polymer composites, these materials are used in many industries, including shipbuilding (hulls of boats, yachts, motorboats, cutters, ship and cooling doors, pontoons and floats, torpedo tubes and missiles, protective shields, antenna masts, radar shields, and antennas, etc.). Modern measurement methods and tools allow to determine the properties of the composite material, already during its design. The article presents the use of the method of acoustic emission and Kolmogorov-Sinai (K-S) metric entropy to determine the mechanical properties of composites. The tested materials were polyester-glass laminate without additives and with a 10% content of polyester-glass waste. The changes taking place in the composite material during loading were visualized using a piezoelectric sensor used in the acoustic emission method. Thanks to the analysis of the RMS parameter (root mean square of the acoustic emission signal), it is possible to determine the range of stresses at which significant changes occur in the material in terms of its use as a construction material. In the K-S entropy method, an important measuring tool is the extensometer, namely the displacement sensor built into it. The results obtained during the static tensile test with the use of an extensometer allow them to be used to calculate the K-S metric entropy. Many materials, including composite materials, do not have a yield point. In principle, there are no methods for determining the transition of a material from elastic to plastic phase. The authors showed that, with the use of a modern testing machine and very high-quality instrumentation to record measurement data using the Kolmogorov-Sinai (K-S) metric entropy method and the acoustic emission (AE) method, it is possible to determine the material transition from elastic to plastic phase. Determining the yield strength of composite materials is extremely important information when designing a structure.

scholarly journals Development of Detailed FE Numerical Models for Assessing the Replacement of Metal with Composite Materials Applied to an Executive Aircraft Wing

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Valerio Acanfora ◽  
Roberto Petillo ◽  
Salvatore Incognito ◽  
Gerardo Mario Mirra ◽  
Aniello Riccio
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Aircraft Wing ◽  
Resin Infusion ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Liquid Resin Infusion ◽  
Process Constraints

This work provides a feasibility and effectiveness analysis, through numerical investigation, of metal replacement of primary components with composite material for an executive aircraft wing. In particular, benefits and disadvantages of replacing metal, usually adopted to manufacture this structural component, with composite material are explored. To accomplish this task, a detailed FEM numerical model of the composite aircraft wing was deployed by taking into account process constraints related to Liquid Resin Infusion, which was selected as the preferred manufacturing technique to fabricate the wing. We obtained a geometric and material layup definition for the CFRP components of the wing, which demonstrated that the replacement of the metal elements with composite materials did not affect the structural performance and can guarantee a substantial advantage for the structure in terms of weight reduction when compared to the equivalent metallic configuration, even for existing executive wing configurations.

Study on Mechanical Properties of the Composite Materials Film by Speckle Projection Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Wen Wen Liu ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Yun Hai Du ◽  
Xian Zhong Xu ◽  
Da Quan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Projection Method ◽  
Dynamic Deformation ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Deformation Measurement ◽  
Lens Distortion

An improved accurate speckle projection method is used for study the mechanical properties of the composite material film in the paper. A system for deformation measurement is developed with the telecentric lenses, in which such conventional lens’ disadvantages such as lens distortion and perspective error will be diminished. Experiments are performed to validate the availability and reliability of the calibration method. The system can also be used to measure the dynamic deformation and then results are also given.

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