Land-based limitations and threats to world food production

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. El-Swaify
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
World Food ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Productive Land ◽  
Current Emphasis

The decreasing availability of new productive lands for agricultural use combines with many threats of degradation to lands now In productive use to pose serious challenges to scientists, planners and policy makers who aim to meet the ever expanding demand for food, fodder, fuel, and fibre around the globe. Constraints to productive land use may be physical or biological, natural or man-made. All prevent the realization of high and sustainable production goals, pdrticularly in the developing and less developed countries. Climate, topographic and water supply constraints are, in general, less manageable than are soil-based constraints; these can be alleviated by an abundance of available technologies. The current emphasis towards agricultural sustainability is very timely for countering the threats of degradation to the availability and productivity of land resources as well as the quality of the environment.

A World Food Action Program

Worldview ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Hubert H. Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Action Program ◽  
World Food ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Developed Countries

We have been waging a battle to improve the quality of life in the developing world for twenty-five years. Today this battle is being lost. As the world's military powers seek to reduce the risks of nuclear holocaust, new dangers to political and economic stability have arisen.The threat of widespread famine is on the increase. Fertilizer shortages grow, and the affluent continue to consume a disproportionate amount of the world's food resources. Worldwide inflation continues to take a heavy toll on the developing and the developed countries alike. This erodes political stability and depletes what little hard currency the poor nations have amassed.

scholarly journals Water Pollution in a Densely Populated Megapolis, Dhaka

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2124
Author(s):  
Toriqul Bashar ◽  
Ivan W.H. Fung
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Pollution Levels

Rapid urbanization has been a boon for industrial growth in Bangladesh, leading the Dhaka megapolis to become one of the least livable places in the world. These circumstances, however, have received little attention by policy makers and in academic research. Using mainly secondary data, this article explores the water quality of the river Buriganga that flows across Dhaka and identifies major sources of pollutants. While much of the article analyzes the sources and extent of pollution, it also points toward a great threat to public health from the presence of high levels of heavy metals, such as chromium, lead, and iron, as well as chemicals, including ammonia and phosphate. Moreover, the article recommends some policy changes that could potentially reduce pollution levels and boost water sustainability not only in Dhaka but also in other fast-growing cities in the least developed countries (LDCs).

scholarly journals Mapping Basic Needs Economic Development, Progress and Sustainable Development at the Iberoamerican Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
João Almeida Santos ◽  
Maria Cristina Sanches Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries

This article studies the performance of 132 countries ranked in 3 Regions –Iberoamerican Region( AIBER ), AVECO Region (more developed countries) and OTHERS Region(less developed countries ) analyzing indicators related to Basic Needs: Food, Water, Electricity,Energy. Basic Needs Conditions are closely interconnected, reflect development conditions, andmay be monitored and analyzed through a set of worldwide country indicators; so they may helpfor a Regional Diagnosis as well as for Developing Strategic Planning. As a matter of fact the studysuggests that even countries with low GDP may still improve food quality through increasedinvestment in food production; so that appropriate public policies may find ways that lead toimprove quality of life with food, water and energy where is more needed at The IberoamericanRegion. All this may Foster Sustainable Development locally and Globally speaking.

Current state and development prospects of organic farming on the territory of Rivne region

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Z. Sobko ◽  
N. Voznyuk ◽  
B. Masovets
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Qualitative State ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Organic Farming Systems

This article reviews the concept of organic farming, describes organic farming systems and their characteristics. It has been found out that the development rates of organic farming are constantly increasing on the territory of Ukraine, and in particular on the territory of Rivne region. It was discovered that for the implementation of organic farming it is necessary to improve the regulatory framework. The main requirements for the quality of land intended for organic agriculture were investigated in this study. The main of these requirements is the absence of contamination with pesticides, heavy metals, radio-nuclides and other pollutants. It was revealed that the territory of Rivne region has all the social, economic and environmental conditions for organic farming implementing. However, due to irrational land resources use in the region, land degradation has emerged. This is manifested in the reduction of fertility, declining quality, withdrawal from agricultural use. Also exam-ined are the basic requirements for the quality of land intended for organic farming. It was established that Rivne agricultural land belongs to three groups of suitability for organic farming. These groups are: suitable, limitedly suitable and unsuitable. The analysis of the region’s qualitative state changes in agricultural lands for the period 2000-2010 has been done. The land’s quality has deteriorated significantly over the last 10 years: the suitable group’s lands have moved to the limited suitability group, and agricultural land from the limited suitability group has moved to a group of unsuitable ones. The organic farming implementation in the Rivne region will preserve and improve the quality of land resources significantly.

"Die Kraft der deutschen Erde"

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothea Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
Socialist Government ◽  
Government Body ◽  
Set Up ◽  
National Socialist Era ◽  
Made In

The concern among some during the 1932/1933 elections that ‘Hitler means war’ was confirmed when military spending increased considerably under the National Socialist government. Systematic rearmament helped reduce unemployment, but except for the establishment of the Kraftdurch Freude (Strength through Joy) programme, little progress was made in improving Germans’ quality of life despite prominent campaign promises. For the majority of the population nutrition levels and consumption remained poorer than in other developed countries—however, this was not the case with beer. Breweries’ output increased and quality remained high, even in wartime. While the Hauptvereinigung der deutschen Brauwirtschaft, part of the Reichsnährstand (a government body set up in Nazi Germany to regulate food production) located in Berlin-Schöneberg, was striving to lower consumption, the Wirtschaftsgruppe Brauerei, dominated by the brewers, proved to be more assertive. What explains these dynamics between rival groups during the National Socialist era?

Physical capital stock, technological upgrading and modernisation in Hungary

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Szalavetz
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Technology Generation ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Physical Capital Accumulation

This paper discusses the relation between the quality and quantity indicators of physical capital and modernisation. While international academic literature emphasises the role of intangible factors enabling technology generation and absorption rather than that of physical capital accumulation, this paper argues that the quantity and quality of physical capital are important modernisation factors, particularly in the case of small, undercapitalised countries that recently integrated into the world economy. The paper shows that in Hungary, as opposed to developed countries, the technological upgrading of capital assets was not necessarily accompanied by the upgrading of human capital i.e. the thesis of capital skill complementarity did not apply to the first decade of transformation and capital accumulation in Hungary. Finally, the paper shows that there are large differences between the average technological levels of individual industries. The dualism of the Hungarian economy, which is also manifest in terms of differences in the size of individual industries' technological gaps, is a disadvantage from the point of view of competitiveness. The increasing differences in the size of the technological gaps can be explained not only with industry-specific factors, but also with the weakness of technology and regional development policies, as well as with institutional deficiencies.

The Issue of Sustainability in Third World Food Production (The Distinguishedl Lecture)

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (4I) ◽  
pp. 511-534
Author(s):  
Winfried Von Urff
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Third World ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
World Food ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Difference

In spite of the fact that food production in developing countries doubled over the last 25 years undernutrition is still widely spread. At the beginning of the eighties, according to FAO, 335 to 494 million people in developing countries suffered from serious undernutrition the difference being due to different concepts to determine undernutrition on which scientist were unable to find a consensus.) Unfortunately there is no recent comprehensive analysis of the food situation comparable to those of previous World Food Surveys but it can be taken for sure that the absolute number of undernourished has increased. According to unofficial FAO sources a figure of 870 million was estimated for 1990 (22 percent of the total population in developing countries) using the same concept that led to the figure of 494 million in 1979-81 (23 percent of the total population in developing countries) which means that most probably the number of undernourished increased at a rate slightly less than population growth.

KAJIAN LITERATUR MODEL KONSEPTUAL KEBERHASILAN E-GOVERNMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadus Gunawan Sudarsono ◽  
Sri Poedji Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
Management Ethics ◽  
The Government

The use of internet technology in the government environment is known as electronic government or e-government. In simple terms, e-government or digital government is an activity carried out by the government by using information technology support in providing services to the community. In line with the spirit of bureaucratic reform in Indonesia, e-government has a role in improving the quality of public services and helping the process of delivering information more effectively to the public. Over time, the application of e-Government has turned out to have mixed results. In developed countries, the application of e-Government systems in the scope of government has produced various benefits ranging from the efficiency of administrative processes and various innovations in the field of public services. But on the contrary in the case of developing countries including Indonesia, the results are more alarming where many government institutions face obstacles and even fail to achieve significant improvements in the quality of public services despite having adequate information and communication technology. The paradigm of bureaucrats who wrongly considers that the success of e-Government is mainly determined by technology. Even though there are many factors outside of technology that are more dominant as causes of failure such as organizational management, ethics and work culture. This study aims to develop a model of success in the application of e-Government from several best practice models in the field of information technology that have been widely used so far using literature studies as research methods. The results of the study show that the conceptual model of the success of the implementation of e-Government developed consists of 17 determinants of success..Keywords: Model, Factor, Success, System, e-Government

Statistical Management of Food Production Processes

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
N.A. Jurk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Control Chart ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Shewhart Control ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
Mnemonic Technique ◽  
The Stability

The article presents scientific research in the field of statistical controllability of the food production process using the example of bakery products for a certain time interval using statistical methods of quality management. During quality control of finished products, defects in bakery products were identified, while the initial data were recorded in the developed form of a checklist for registering defects. It has been established that the most common defect is packaging leakage. For the subsequent statistical assessment of the stability of the production process and further analysis of the causes of the identified defect, a Shewhart control chart (p-card by an alternative feature) was used, which allows you to control the quality of manufactured products by the number of defects detected. Analyzing the control chart, it was concluded that studied process is conditionally stable, and the emerging defects are random. At the last stage of the research, the Ishikawa causal diagram was used, developed using the 6M mnemonic technique, in order to identify the most significant causes that affect the occurrence of the considered defect in bakery products. A more detailed study will allow the enterprise to produce food products that meet the established requirements.

COMPARISON OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS IN THE LOCALY ADVANCED BREAST CANCER FORMS AFTER SYSTEM AND INTRALYMPHATIC POLYCHEMOTHERAPY

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Yuriy Dumanskiy ◽  
Oleksandr Bondar ◽  
Oleksandr Tkachenko ◽  
Evhenii Stoliachuk ◽  
Vasilii Ermakov
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preoperative Treatment ◽  
Discrete Elements ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Significant Difference

In recent years, breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer pathology and the most common cause of disability among women in developed countries. Finding the most effective ways of interaction between the patient and the doctor creates the preconditions for the necessary analysis of the treatment process from an objective and subjective point of view. Therefore, an important indicator to be taken into account is the quality of life of a patient. To compare the indicators of a comprehensive assessment of the quality of life of patients to the adverse locally advanced forms (LA) of breast cancer before and after systemic intravenous polychemotherapy (SPCTx) and selective endolymphatic polychemotherapy (ELPCTx) in neoadjuvant mode. The study was conducted on the basis of a random analysis of outpatient cards from 112 patients with LA BC T4A-DN0-3M0 who received a comprehensive antitumor treatment on the basis of the Donetsk regional antitumor center and the University Clinic of the Odessa National Medical University from 2000 to 2017, which was proposed a questionnaire at various stages of preoperative treatment. The first (control) group consisted of 65 patients (58 %) with inoperable forms of LA BC, which was performed in neoadjuvant mode by SPCTx. The second (study group) included 47 patients (42 %) with inoperable forms of LA BC, which was performed as a neoadjuvant course ELPCTx. According to the integral indicators of quality of life and quality of health between patients in the control and study groups, there was no statistically significant difference. In a detailed analysis of the indicators of symptomatic scales, the difference between the groups did not exceed the critical. Based on the results of a study conducted among patients receiving endolymphatic chemotherapy in a neoadjuvant mode, the subjective evaluations of treatment in absolute numbers have better reference values without statistical superiority. The study of the integrative indicator of quality of life and its discrete elements is an ergonomic and economical means of heuristic assessment of the health of patients in order to further develop more rational and convenient ways of solving urgent issues of modern oncology by increasing compliance and finding a compromise between the physician and the patient.

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