Switzerland as a Single Metropolitan Area? A Study of its Commuting Network

Urban Studies ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (13) ◽  
pp. 2785-2802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Dessemontet ◽  
Vincent Kaufmann ◽  
Christophe Jemelin
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Analytical Point ◽  
The Many ◽  
Commuting Patterns ◽  
The Way

Out of the many ingredients that together build urban areas, three deserve particular consideration as their relationship is evolving: the functional centrality, the morphology of built-up areas and the way of life. Those three characteristics do not necessarily match along territorial lines anymore. To overcome this limitation, this article suggests approaching urbanity in terms of cohesion. To illustrate this approach under a specific analytical point of view, the paper describes a cohesion index based on the commuter relationships between the Swiss communes from 1970 to 2000. For 2000, further distinction is made between car-based and public transport-based commuting patterns, which allowed discrimination between two scales of cohesiveness between the Swiss agglomerations.

Measurement, incorporation and use of performance information in the budget

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-355
Author(s):  
Pieter Bleyen ◽  
Stijn Lombaert ◽  
Geert Bouckaert
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fiscal Sustainability ◽  
Performance Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
Performance Budgeting ◽  
Logical Sequence ◽  
Analytical Point ◽  
The Way

In search for efficiency, effectiveness and fiscal sustainability, governments gather more performance information than ever before. As many of them have sought to incorporate and use this kind of information in budgeting and planning documents, the main goal of this article is to discover how local government performance budgeting practices can be mapped by a survey in a way that enables international comparison. Three previous mapping endeavors served as preliminary guidelines to develop a refined index based on the dimensions measurement, incorporation and use of performance information which form a generally accepted logical sequence in the public management literature. Results for the case of 304 Flemish local governments show a huge variation in the way performance budgeting is practiced, as index scores vary from nearly zero to more than 76 percent. Although it seems that available performance information is incorporated fairly well, measurement and use are lacking. It can be concluded that measuring performance budgeting offers interesting insights in the way this kind of budgeting is practiced in local governments. Although, from an analytical point of view, it is not sufficient to fully grasp performance budgeting and this for several reasons discussed in the article.

Assessment of the quality of passenger service by urban transport

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Passenger Transportation ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The Government

The intensification of public transport in urban areas due to increased mobility at the regional and state levels, discrepancies between urban areas with the same population and the lack of statistics related to the efficiency and quality of public transport services are the main factors of our work. It is necessary to draw boundaries between the quality of services and the performance indicators of the public transport system. The quality of services is the subjective result of many intangible variables. The quality of service can be approached from four sides: from the point of view of the passenger, the performance of the vehicle, the specialized passenger transportation company, and the Government. Accessibility, comfort and convenience-these are the main indicators that should be evaluated by the population as having high ratings for the good quality of urban transport services. The tool used to collect the data is the preference survey. Keywords: service quality, public transport, evaluation, efficiency, methods, passenger, survey

scholarly journals Daily identity practices: Belarus and potato eaters

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
Anna Zadora
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Difficult Case ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

Food cultivation, preparation and consumption are important references for shaping national identity. Food is a crystallization of the history of a national or ethnic group, of its traditions, mentality, and religious adherence and of very pragmatic material elements reflecting the way of life of the group, for instance, climatic conditions and socio-economic levels. All elements of the history of a group are transmitted and experienced in daily rituals relating to food. Food has strong symbolic, quasi-sacred associations in many cultures: for Slavic peoples bread is a very important symbol, and in Belarus potatoes are known as “the second bread”. The role played by banal everyday identity rituals is very important in complex political contexts, where identity building processes aimed at the transformation of a community into a nation-state with common identification denominators are not endorsed by political elite. Belarus is an extremely difficult case from the point of view of identity building: a country without a history (Zaprudnik, 1993), without a nation (Marples, 1999), without an identity (Bekus, 2010). In the Belarusian context, food - especially food which is cheap, rustic and simple to cultivate, such as potatoes - is an important identity marker.

scholarly journals The time when the Mansi people kept the fire in a nāy sānyt ‘a box of fire’ (based on handwritten materials by P. E. Sheshkin)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-562
Author(s):  
S. A. Popova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Ancient Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ethnic History ◽  
The Way

Introduction: the article is devoted to the study of religious ideas and events of one of the periods of the Mansi people’s life, which is designated by Sheshkin as nāy sānyt jis ‘the ancient time of fire [stored] in a box’. The article presents information about the family and public fire storage, construction of the box, the use of fire in different situations, its keepers. Ideas about fire are considered from the point of view of its personification (Fire-Mother, Fire-Woman); embodiment (it is alive, can talk, visit, revenge); mythologization (deity, special spirit of fire voytyl); object of veneration (holy mothers, dedication, sanctuaries). Folklore plots reflecting the ideas about «living» fire are revealed. Objective: to reconstruct the events and ideas of the northern Mansi group about fire in the era nāy sānyt jis. Research materials: handwritten texts of P. E. Sheshkin, published materials of the XIX–XXI centuries. Results and novelty of the research: the analysis reveals historical information on the way of life and organization of the Mansi during the period «the time when the Mansi kept fire in the nāy sānyt ‘box of fire’». The features of storing and using of family and collective fire are analyzed. The awareness of fire as a value is transmitted in the ideas of its supernatural essence, in the veneration of the Fire-Mother. The past fire, lost by people, is perceived as a super-fire (more powerful in brightness and heat, it lives together with a man and takes care of him). The attitude to fire as a shrine is reflected in the prohibitions, the dedication of it to animals (cat, frog), the construction of temples (sanctuaries). The novelty lies in the introduction into scientific circulation of the traditional ideas of the Mansi about the early stage of their ethnic history

A Leibnizian Space

Dialogue ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Ian Hacking
Keyword(s):  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Possible World ◽  
Identity Of Indiscernibles ◽  
Literal Sense ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The World ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Way

Leibniz said that space and time are well-founded phenomena. Few readers can make much literal sense out of this idea, so I shall describe a small possible world in which it is true. I do not contend that Leibniz had my construction in mind, but I do follow Leibnizian guidelines. The first trick is to reverse the maxim that every monad mirrors the world from its own point of view. Points of view, and hence a space of points, can be constructed from a non-relational account of the perceptions of each monad. But we cannot fabricate space alone. We must build up laws of nature simultaneously. We must also employ a measure of the simplicity of the laws of nature. Moreover we require that, in a literal sense, the perception of each monad is a sum of its Petits perceptions. The identity of indiscernibles, in its application to space, is an automatic consequence of this construction. Although I shall examine only one possible world, there is a general recipe for such constructions, in which none of the above elements can be omitted. This is a striking illustration of the way in which the many different facets of Leibniz's metaphysics are necessarily inter-connected.

scholarly journals Directions of tariff and ticket integration of public transport in the metropolitan area Gdańsk-Gdynia-Sopot the Pomeranian Voivodeship

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 155-165
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Grzelec ◽  
Hubert Kołodziejski ◽  
Olgierd Wyszomirski
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
The Way

In the process of urban and regional public transport integration in the urbanized areas, the tariff and ticket integration is of fundamental importance, despite the fact that the price is not perceived as the basic transport postulate deciding on the choice of the way of moving. Public authorities of cities located in the metropolis Gdańsk-Gdynia-Sopot and the Pomeranian voivodeship have been undertaking attempts to integrate this transport for almost 30 years, so far without the desired results. This article presents general assumptions of tariff and ticket integration of urban and regional public transport, previous processes of integration of this transport in the Tri-City metropolis and the Pomeranian voivodship, as well as necessary directions of its tariff and ticket integration in this area in order to provide attractive transport offer.

scholarly journals Om Grundtvig-bibliografiens tilblivelse

1954 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Steen Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Great Difficulty ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complete Collection ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Altered Form ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right ◽  
Great Mass ◽  
The Way

How the Grundtvig Bibliography Came Into Existence. By Steen Johansen. In 1948—54 a “Bibliography of the Writings of N. F. S. Grundtvig”, compiled by Steen Johansen, M. A., was published in four volumes. In March, 1954, Steen Johansen gave a lecture to the Grundtvig-Society about the way in which this work came into existence, and his lecture is reproduced here in a slightly altered form. The introduction refers to the great usefulness of bibliographies and their importance for the right understanding of poets and authors, but at the same time it stresses the point that bibliographical works, in spite of the apparently objective material which forms their basis, can be fashioned in just as subjective a way as all other products of the intellect. Work on the Grundtvig Bibliography began in 1939, and in the period between 1939 and 1942 two persons were successively engaged in it, but before long these were taken up with other work. After an interregnum of two years the work was continued and completed by the afore-mentioned Steen Johansen. An account is given of the state in which Steen Johansen found the material already collected, and the reasons why it was necessary to begin all over again on a new and wider basis. Detailed information is given about the sources of the bibliography, including the so called Thorkelin collection of Grundtvig’s writings in the Royal Library at Copenhagen, single printings of poems, editions, the study of newspapers and periodicals, etc., etc.. Then there follows a discussion of the difficulties involved in the work of compiling Grundtvig’s literary productions, since these are dispersed in a exceptionally large number og editions, and the task is made more complicated from the bibliographical point of view by reason of the many revisions of his songs and hymns which were undertaken by Grundtvig himself. There is also a great mass of Grundtvig’s Mss. which were left unpublished at his death, and fragments of which have unceasingly been published since that time by students of his work. These publications, too, must naturally be registered in the bibliography. — Certain very rare books written by Grundtvig are mentioned, and attention is called to the great difficulty of providing in our day a complete collection of everything published by Grundtvig. Finally, there is a discussion of the potential value of the Grundtvig Bibliography from the point of view of research, and also of what it can teach us about Grundtvig himself. His immoderately restless literary vitality must have been ruled by an exceptionally strong will. This can be seen in everything he wrote.

Spatial Assessment of Commuting Patterns in India's National Capital Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Jain ◽  
Robert Hecht
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Transportation Policy ◽  
National Capital Region ◽  
Rail Network ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Commuting Distances ◽  
Commuting Patterns

Contemporary urbanization as experienced in India is characterized by urban sprawl, which increases commuting distances and promotes private individual transport. This article takes India's largest region as a case study and uses data from the Census of India on commuting, the population, socio-economic and infrastructural factors as well as spatial data on urban and rural administrative boundaries to understand commuting patterns. This article has two major objectives: first, to map spatially commuting patterns (distances to work and modes of travel); second, to estimate the effect of people-based (minorities, illiteracy rate, household facilities) variables and place-based (basic amenities, road and rail network densities, etc.) variables on commuting. The research findings are as follows: short trips are prevalent in urban areas, while intermediate and long trips are prevalent in rural areas. Short trips are common in areas with a high share of minorities as well as illiteracy rates. Long trips are undertaken by public transport such as trains and buses, intermediate trips by two-wheelers and buses, and short trips on foot and by bicycle. Areas with high prevalence of long trips have a better provision of basic amenities. The paper recommends the following measures to reduce motorization and long commuting distances: (i) government initiatives to reduce private transport and promote transitbased transportation; (ii) the integration of rural and urban areas through public transport; (iii) the establishment of a unified regional transportation authority to integrate regional transportation; and (iv) the introduction of subsidies to reduce private transportation and the implementation of transportation policy proposals.

Indicators and Measures of E-Government

2011 ◽  
pp. 1923-1929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Amoretti ◽  
Fortunato Musella
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Public Services ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analytical Point ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Way

Although the question of measurement is crucial when defining any concept, little attention has been devoted to a comprehensive view of information and communication technologies (ICTs) applications, spanning qualitative and quantitative assessments. Due to the lack of a clear definition of e-government, many differences can be noted in the way in which digital policies have been interpreted by academics and practitioners. Coined by the U.S. programme for reinventing government under the Clinton administration (National Performance Review), the term e-government refers to a public sector reorganisation which aims at increasing the efficiency of the public administration and reducing its budget through the use of new technologies. In the words of Douglas Holmes (2001), e-government is “the use of information technology, in particular the Internet, to deliver public services in a much more convenient, customer oriented, cost effective and altogether different and better way. It affects an agency’s dealing with citizens, business and other public agencies as well as its internal business processes and employees” (p. 2). Yet many definitions go beyond the role of e-government in improving the provision of public services. Indeed, the label e-government supports other definitions, not necessarily limited to the computerisation of the public administration (Osborne & Gaebler, 1992). The concept of e-government seems to contain both the redesigning of public services system and a wider transformation of the relationship between private and public actors, so that the restructuring of public administration–influenced by the ideal of a new public management–is combined with the renewal of the democratic decision-making process. Digital policies are presumed to be a key element in improving online service quality and other factors, casting a new role for the citizen-costumer. At the same time, although e-government is becoming a catch-all concept, from an analytical point of view, official reports produced by international actors show a significant convergence in the way in which this is evaluated and measured. Diffusion of e-government practices are often closely related, and limited, to features of public administration Web sites, with reference to dimensions of openness and interactivity (La Porte, Demchak, & De Jong, 2002). Other studies focus exclusively on how citizens and businesses perceive the quality of public e-service, with reference to customer satisfaction, benefits conceived in terms of value and utility of services offered and opportunity of use as strategic factors for performance efficacy and efficiency (Graafland-Essers & Ettedgui, 2003; Stowers, 2004). Only recently a new approach has taken shape, which concentrates more attention on socio-political aspects of the intensive use of new technologies.

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