scholarly journals Frame-Induced Group Polarization in Small Discussion Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gabbay ◽  
Zane Kelly ◽  
Justin Reedy ◽  
John Gastil
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Polarization Effect ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Group Polarization ◽  
Consensus Formation ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Polarization Theory ◽  
Group Member ◽  
Online Group ◽  
Theory And Model

We present a novel explanation for the group polarization effect whereby discussion among like-minded individuals induces shifts toward the extreme. Our theory distinguishes between a quantitative policy under debate and the discussion’s rhetorical frame, such as the likelihood of an outcome. If policy and frame position are mathematically related so that frame position increases more slowly as the policy becomes more extreme, majority formation at the extreme is favored, thereby shifting consensus formation toward the extreme. Additionally, use of a heuristic frame can shift the frame reference point away from the policy reference, yielding differential polarization on opposing policy sides. We present a mathematical model that predicts consensus policy given group member initial preferences and network structure. Our online group discussion experiment manipulated policy side, disagreement level, and network structure. The results, which challenge existing polarization theory, are in qualitative and quantitative accord with our theory and model.

POLARYZACJA GRUPOWA W WARUNKACH DEBATY DELIBERATYWNEJ

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Wesołowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Group Consensus ◽  
Group Polarization ◽  
Normative Requirements

In social psychology the group polarization refers to the tendency for groups to make decisionsthat are more extreme than the initial inclinations of its members. This phenomenon constitutesa potential obstacle to positive outcomes attributed to deliberative debates. A deliberative debateis a particular kind of a group discussion tasked with fi nding group consensus on controversialissues. The idea of deliberation originates from the writings of John Rawls, Jürgen Habermas, AmyGutmann and Denis Thompson. Deliberative debate imposes numerous normative requirementson the communication, relationships among the disputants and their approach to the issue underdiscussion. These normative requirements make a big difference between deliberative debates andthe situations in which the phenomenon of polarization was observed. Thus, we presume that indeliberative debates conditions the phenomenon of group polarization may be limited.The paper investigates the following questions: would the normative conditions of deliberationlimit the occurrence of polarization in discussing groups? and What infl uence (if any) would thepolarization process have on the quality of group decision? In the light of the empirical data we concluded what follows: (1) In 50% of the analyzed casesof group discussion the phenomenon of group polarization was observed despite the normativeconditions of deliberation. (2) The occurrence of group polarization in some cases coincided withmaking the fi nal decisions which did not alter the initial preferences of the disputants (but did nottotally predestinated the fi nal outcome).

scholarly journals Women and Leadership in Mixed Secondary Schools in Kenya; Do Stakeholder’s Attitudes Matter?

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
ANNE Wangari Mberia
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Women Leadership ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal (Northhouse, 2011). In time and space, women leadership remains a subject talked about but hardly appreciated (Wren, 2013). Among the factors contributing to poor representation of women in leadership is stakeholder’s attitude (Coleman, 2005). The study sought to investigate stakeholder’s attitudes impeding women teachers' ascension to leadership positions in mixed public secondary schools, focusing in Tharaka South Sub – County, Kenya. The study employed descriptive cross-sectional survey design utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. Probability and non-probability sampling techniques were used to arrive at the sample size. Data was collected from women classroom teachers, heads of departments, school principals, education officers, education trade unionists, Parents and Teachers Association officials and School Board of Management officials. Questionnaires, interview guide and focus group discussion guides were used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Data analysis was assisted by computer software (Statistical Package for Social Sciences for quantitative data and NVIVO for qualitative data). The study established that education stakeholders have a general negative attitude towards women leadership in schools.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MODEL EVALUASI KINERJA SD PENYELENGGARA PENDIDIKAN INKLUSIF

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-54
Author(s):  
N Dede Khoeriah
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Class Management ◽  
Teachers And Students

Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan model evaluasi kinerja pendidikan inklusif (EKPI) di SD dengan menggunakan pen-dekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Tahapan penelitian dimodifikasi dari model Borg & Gall dengan melibatkan Kepala Sekolah, guru, dan orang tua. Data diperoleh melalui teknik Focus Group Discussion, wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) model EKPI merupakan salah satu model evaluasi yang baik berdasarkan hasil penilaian pakar maupun praktisi penyelenggara pendidikan inklusif di SD; (2) model evaluasi kinerja SD penyelenggara pendidikan inklusif memiliki tujuh komponen, yakni kepemimpinan, rencana strategis, fokus terhadap peserta didik-orang tua, analisis kebutuhan, fokus ter-hadap guru-staf, pengelolaan kelas inklusif, dan hasil; (3) evaluasi model EKPI dalam proses implementasi di SD mampu meng-ungkap data secara: (a) komprehensif; (b) faktual; (c) fleksibel; dan (d)  berorientasi keragaman layanan. Kata kunci: pengembangan model evaluasi, pendidikan inklusif, SD. ______________________________________________________________DEVELOPING A MODEL OF PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IMPLEMENTING INCLUSIVE EDUCATIONAbstract This study aims to produce a model of performance evaluation of elementary schools (ESs) implementing inclusive education by using qualitative and quantitative approaches. The research steps used the model by Borg & Gall, involving principals, teachers, and students’ parents. The data were collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD), interviews, observations, document study, and discussions. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions can be drawn. (1) The EKPI model is a good evaluation model. It is based on the result ofthe assessment by experts, usesrs and practitioners of inclusive education instruction; (2) The model of an evaluation of the performances of ESs implementing inclusive education has seven components, i.e. leadership, strategic plan, focus on students and parents, needs analysis, focus on teachers and staff, and inclusive class management, and product of the inclusive education implementation; (3) The EKPI model implemented  in the elementri schools can reveal data (a) comprehensively, (b) factualy, and (c) flexibly, (d) it was also oriented to a variety of services. Keywords: development of an evaluation model, inclusive education, elementary school.

scholarly journals Development Strategy in Bio-Geophysic Ecological Area of Mandeh Tourism to Meet Asean Economic Community (MEA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Alexander Syam
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Asean Economic Community ◽  
Development Alternatives ◽  
Hierarchy Process

The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze Mandeh tourism development strategy and to formulate Development Alternatives using FGD (Focus Group Discussion) and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The type of this study is Mixed Method which is research that combines or integrates qualitative and quantitative Method to be used together in research activities in order to obtain more comprehensive, valid, reliable, and objective data. However, in this study is more weighted on qualitative research and quantitative data to support qualitative research. So, based on the results of FGD and AHP there are four main priorities strategy in dealing MEA: 1) tourism development of art, culture and religion, 2) tourism product’s development of natural wonder, 3) development of underwater tourism, 4) providing socialization to meet MEA.

Online group pain management for chronic pain: Preliminary results of a novel treatment approach to teletherapy

2019 ◽  
pp. 1357633X1987036
Author(s):  
Timothy Y Mariano ◽  
Limeng Wan ◽  
Robert R Edwards ◽  
Asimina Lazaridou ◽  
Edgar L Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Chronic Pain Patient ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Pain Patient ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Online Group

Objective This pilot study was designed to determine the feasibility, tolerability, safety, and efficacy of group teletherapy for persons with chronic pain. The aim was to present preliminary outcomes of an open trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) teletherapy compared with an in-person chronic pain patient group. Methods We recruited 47 chronic pain patients to participate in an 8-session, 2-hour-per-week, online, structured, CBT-oriented pain management group using WebEx and compared them with 46 subjects who participated in a parallel, content-matched, in-person, weekly group. Both groups included goal setting, skills training, relaxation exercises, group discussion, and practice assignments. All subjects completed baseline measures, which were repeated post-treatment. Those in the online group participated in weekly telephone interviews and rated the perceived helpfulness of the remote group. Results The average age of the online group participants was 54.5 ( ± 14.3) years and 70.2% were female, compared with 59.7 ( ± 13.0) years of age and 57.8% females among the in-person group members. On follow-up, both CBT groups showed modest improvements on the outcome measures. Results of this preliminary investigation comparing online teletherapy with in-person CBT suggest similar benefit. Many participants in the online group rated their experience as very helpful (62.5%; 7–10/10) and most would recommend this programme to others (93.7%; 7–10/10). Discussion Preliminary findings suggest that online group CBT may be as effective in improving coping among persons with chronic pain as in-person groups. More rigorous controlled trials are needed to adequately assess the outcome benefit of online teletherapy for chronic pain.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of WhatsApp online group discussion for smoking relapse prevention: protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial

Addiction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 1777-1785
Author(s):  
Yee Tak Derek Cheung ◽  
Ching Han Helen Chan ◽  
Kin Sang Ho ◽  
Wai‐Yin Patrick Fok ◽  
Mike Conway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Smoking Relapse ◽  
Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Prevention Protocol ◽  
Online Group

Group Discussion Effects on Conflict Behavior and Self-Justification

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Myers ◽  
Paul J. Bach
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Conflict Behavior ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Group Polarization

Although most social conflicts involve opposing groups of people, experimental research on conflict behavior has almost exclusively utilized individual participants. The present research compared the conflict behavior of individuals and groups using an expanded prisoner's dilemma matrix cast in the language of an economic (gas war) simulation. There was no difference in the conflict behavior of individual and group players, both being highly noncooperative. But on post-experimental scales assessing subjects' evaluations of their own and opponent's behavior, individuals tended to justify their own behavior and groups were even more inclined toward self-justification. This result confirms the group polarization hypothesis and supports the contention of Janis (1972) that in situations of intergroup conflict, intragroup communication is likely to strengthen the group's perception of the inherent morality of its actions.

A Review of Our Research on Group Polarization: Eleven Experiments on the Effects of Group Discussion on Risk Acceptance, Probability Estimation, and Negotiation Positions

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Lamm
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Group Polarization ◽  
Acceptance Probability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Dominant Tendency ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Persuasive Arguments

This paper gives a summary of the procedures and results of 11 experiments on the effects of group discussion. A wide range of personality and situational features were manipulated as independent variables. The studies were conducted for the most part in West Germany and have been published previously in various German and English/American journals. The findings are interpreted through two principal current theories of group polarization (i.e., of the finding that group discussion enhances the initially dominant tendency of group members), the social-comparison and persuasive-arguments theories. The studies here presented (almost all providing evidence for group polarization) seem to provide somewhat greater support for the latter theory. The article also analyzes subversions of each theory and discusses the relative support these receive from the data of our studies.

Examining the incentives and motivations for research-based legislation in Uganda

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 60-85
Author(s):  
Fredrick Kiwuwa Lugya
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Expert Analysis

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to discuss the factors that would increase or decrease the prospects to use research evidence in legislation in a developing country. Design/methodology/approach – Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to identify the gaps in ability to utilise research evidence among policymakers. A combination of expert analysis of five policy brief formats, 13 self-administered semi-structured interviews with policymakers, focus group discussion and literature analysis informed data collection. Findings – The incentives and motivations for research-based legislation are classified into three categories: those that concern legislators and researchers, those that concern legislators only and those that concern researchers only. Originality/value – The work discusses the need for policymakers to make decisions based on facts. The findings are a reflection of a long interaction the author had with policymakers and researchers in Uganda.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document