scholarly journals Preschool Child Nutritional Status in Nepal in 2016: A National Profile and 40-Year Comparative Trend

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-166
Author(s):  
K. C. Angela ◽  
Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman ◽  
Swetha Manohar ◽  
Binod Shrestha ◽  
Rolf Klemm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Child ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Child Stunting ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
National Trends ◽  
Policy And Science ◽  
Child Nutritional Status

Background: Preschool child anthropometric status has been assessed nationally in Nepal since 1975, with semi-decadal surveys since 1996, plus several recent, short-interval surveys to track progress toward achieving a World Health Assembly (WHA) goal to reduce stunting to 24% by 2025. Objective: We report prevalence of preschool child stunting and wasting from a national survey in 2016 and place findings into the context of national trends and alignment for Nepal to attain its WHA 2025 goal. Methods: A representative, midyear Policy and Science for Health, Agriculture and Nutrition (PoSHAN) survey was conducted in 2016 on 5479 children <60 months in 4051 households in 21 village development committees. Child weight and height were measured, and sociodemographic factors were assessed. Data from previous surveys (Nepal Demographic Health Surveys, PoSHAN) were also acquired, and rates of stunting (<−2 height-for-age z score) and wasting (<−2 weight-for-height z score) were compared to current World Health Organization standards. Trends were expressed as average annual rates of reduction (AARR). Results: Nationally, in 2016, 34.1% of preschoolers were stunted and 13.7% wasted. Stunting was highest in the Mountains (40.6%) and wasting highest in the Tarai (18.9%). Trend analysis revealed a steady decline (3.8% AARR) in stunting from 2001 to 2013, with virtually no decline from 2013 to 2016. Wasting has been continually high and variable, at ≥8%, since 1975. Conclusions: Following a steady decline in prevalence, preschool child stunting has plateaued at ∼35% in Nepal, while wasting has changed little over time, offering the opportunity to inform, reassess, and adjust, as needed, efforts to reach WHA 2025 goals.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN STUNTING DENGAN KARAKTERISTIK ANAK, ASUPAN GIZI, DAN ANEMIA PADA BATITA DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS CIBEBER

2021 ◽  
pp. 293-304
Author(s):  
Dinar Mutiara ◽  
Andri Andrian Rusman ◽  
Rizky Sukma Ruhimat
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Growth Reference ◽  
Food Recall ◽  
X 24 ◽  
Health Organization

Stunting adalah suatu keadaan tinggi badan menurut umur (TB/U) seseorang yang tidak sesuai dengan umur dan merupakan indikator dari malnutrisi pada anak usia dini. Seseorang dikatakan stunting bila z-score indeks TB/U atau PB/U-nya kurang dari (-2) standar deviasi berdasarkan World Health Organization-Multicentre Growth Reference Study (WHO-MGRS). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan stunting dengan karakteristik anak (usia, jenis kelamin, dan BBLR), asupan zat gizi (asupan zat besi dan protein), dan anemia pada anak batita di wilayah Puskesmas Cibeber. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode analitik secara potong lintang. Pengumpulan sampel diambil dengan cara non-probability sampling, yaitu menggunakan metode consecutive sampling pada bulan Januari - Februari 2021 dan diperoleh 32 sampel. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa alat ukur tinggi badan, hemoglobinometer, dan lembar food recall 2 x 24 jam. Hasil uji statistik kai kuadrat didapatkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan zat gizi dengan kejadian stunting pada batita, yaitu asupan protein dengan nilai p= 0,012 dan asupan zat besi dengan nilai p=0,028. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan pada jenis kelamin dengan nilai p= 0,476, BBLR dengan nilai p= 0,365, dan anemia dengan nilai p= 0,288 dengan kejadian stunting pada anak batita. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini setelah dilakukan uji bivariat adalah faktor asupan zat gizi yang berupa asupan zat besi dan protein memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian stunting pada anak batita. Pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi batita sangat dibutuhkan untuk mencegah stunting sehingga proses perkembangan anak batita dapat berjalan sesuai dengan tahapannya.

scholarly journals Preschool Child Nutritional Status in Nepal in 2016 and Comparative Trends (P11-074-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela KC ◽  
Andrew Thorne-Lyman ◽  
Binod Shrestha ◽  
Swetha Manohar ◽  
Patrick Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Child ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
World Health ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Feed The Future ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Objectives Estimate the national and agro-ecological zonal prevalence of preschool child undernutrition and review temporal trends in the prevalence of undernutrition. Methods In 2016, we conducted the last in a series of 3 (also 2013 and 2014) nationally representative, annual, same-season, mixed-longitudinal nutrition surveys – PoSHAN Community Studies – in the same 21 Village Development Committees sampled across the Mountains, Hills and Tarai of Nepal. Height/length and weight measurements of 5479 children < 5 years were converted to z-scores of height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-height (WHZ) based on World Health Organization growth standards. Cut-offs of < -2 z-scores of HAZ and WHZ were applied to define stunting and wasting, respectively. Rates of stunting and wasting were compared to four Demographic and Health Surveys of Nepal (NDHS) from 2001–2016. Annual rates of decline in stunting and wasting were calculated. Results Preschool stunting and wasting rates from PoSHAN in 2016 were 34% [95% CI: 29.5 to 38.9%] and 13.7% [11.0 to 16.9%], similar to those observed in the 2016 NDHS: 35.8% [33.5 to 38.3%] and 9.7% [8.4 to 11.1%], respectively. Stunting was highest in the Mountains (40.6%), and wasting in the Tarai (18.9%). PoSHAN surveys revealed an annual decrease in the prevalence of stunting of 1.5% from 2013–2016 and 2.3% from 2011–2016, representing a lesser decline than in the earlier period of 2001–2011 (3.3%) (Figure 1 a). In contrast, neither series of surveys has revealed a marked decline in the national prevalence of wasting over the past 15 years (Figure 1 b). Conclusions The rates of stunting and wasting seen in the PoSHAN survey were comparable to other contemporary surveys in 2016 and suggest that the current rate of decline is inadequate to meet Nepal's 2025 World Health Assembly (WHA) target of reducing stunting to 26.5%. However, wasting has changed very little, threatening the potential to reach Nepal's national WHA target of 5%. Funding Sources Funded by USAID Feed the Future Nutrition Innovation Lab, with assistance from Sight and Life and The Gates Foundation. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

ANALISIS PENGELUARAN PANGAN, KETAHANAN PANGAN DAN ASUPAN ZAT GIZI ANAK BAWAH DUA TAHUN (BADUTA) SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO STUNTING

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Eta Aprita Aritonang ◽  
Ani Margawati ◽  
Fillah Fithra Dieny
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Case Control ◽  
World Health ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Health Organization

Latar Belakang : Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya stunting anak usia 6-24 bulan antara lain kurangnya asupan zat gizi, penyakit infeksi, lingkungan, sosial ekonomi keluarga dan riwayat kehamilan ibu. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis proporsi pengeluaran pangan rumah tangga, ketahanan pangan, dan asupan zat gizi sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya stunting usia 6-24 bulan.Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain case-control dengan masing-masing kelompok kasus (stunting) dan kontrol (tidak stunting) berjumlah 24 sampel yang diambil menggunakan purposive sampling pada anak usia 6-24 bulan yang berada di Semarang Utara. Stunting diukur berdasarkan z-score tinggi badan menurut umur (TB/U) dianalisis dengan software World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro. Data yang diambil yaitu berat badan lahir, panjang badan lahir, tingkat pendidikan ibu, pendapatan keluarga dan pengeluaran rumah tangga. Data riwayat asupan energi, protein, vitamin A dan seng selama 1 tahun diperoleh dengan menggunakan Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Data ketahanan pangan diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuisioner Household Food Security Scale Module (HFSSM). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Chi Square dan analisis regresi logistik.Hasil : Baduta stunting lebih banyak mengalami kerawanan pangan rumah tangga (79,2%), riwayat kekurangan asupan protein (70,8%), vitamin A (75%) dan seng (66,7%) dibandingkan dengan anak yang tidak stunting. Ketahanan pangan rumah tangga (OR=6,9), riwayat asupan protein (OR=8,6), vitamin A (OR=20,6) dan seng (OR=8,7) merupakan faktor yang paling berisiko terhadap kejadian stunting pada baduta usia 6-24 bulan (p<0,05).Simpulan: Kerawanan pangan rumah tangga, kurangnya asupan protein, vitamin A dan seng merupakan faktor yang berisiko meningkatkan kejadian stunting pada baduta usia 6-24 bulan.

scholarly journals Trends in child growth failure among children under five years of age in Ethiopia: Evidence from the 2000 to 2016 Demographic and Health Surveys

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0254768
Author(s):  
Tolesa Bekele ◽  
Patrick Rawstorne ◽  
Bayzidur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Failure ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction In a majority of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), levels of child growth failure (CGF) have steadily declined since 2000. However, some countries show a different trend. Despite continued investment from the government of Ethiopia as well as donors, CGF levels are still high in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess trends in CGF and associated sociodemographic, economic and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) factors from 2000 to 2016 in Ethiopia. Methods Data were taken from four rounds of the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Children aged between 0 to 59 months were included. CGF indicators were categorised based on height-for-age z-score (HAZ) < -2 Standard deviation (SD), weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) < -2 SD and weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) < -2 SD. CGF trends were estimated for predicted probabilities and odds ratios (ORs) between 2000 and 2016. Results A total sample size of 31978 for HAZ, 32045 for WAZ and 32246 for WHZ were included in the current study. Stunting decreased from an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.77 (95% CI: 0.67 to 0.88) in 2005 to an AOR = 0.45 (95% CI: 0.39 to 0.53) in 2016 compared with the year 2000. Compared with data in 2000, underweight decreased from an AOR of 0.70 (95% CI: 0.61 to 0.80) in 2005 to an AOR of 0.43 (95% CI: 0.36 to 0.50) in 2016. Wasting declined from an AOR of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.75 to 1.10) in 2005 to an AOR of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.61 to 0.94) in 2016, compared with data in 2000. Conclusions Between 2000 to 2016, there was a decline in CGF levels albeit the levels are still relatively high compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) cut-off levels for public health concern. Observed rates of change varied across sociodemographic, economic and WASH factors which suggest that interventions tailored towards addressing the imbalances across those factors are required.

scholarly journals Hubungan Stunting dengan Kerentanan Penyakit pada Anak Usia 1–5 Tahun di Desa Panyirapan Kecamatan Soreang Kabupaten Bandung

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Nisa Lathifah Rohmatika ◽  
Buti Azfiani Azhali ◽  
Herry Garna
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Growth Reference ◽  
Health Organization

Stunting adalah kondisi balita yang memiliki panjang atau tinggi badan yang kurang jika dibanding dengan usia. Kondisi ini diukur dengan panjang atau tinggi badan yang memiliki nilai z-score <-2SD median standar pertumbuhan anak dari World Health Organization (WHO) MGRS (Multicentre Growth Reference Study). Indonesia termasuk ke dalam negara ketiga dengan prevalensi tertinggi di regional Asia Tenggara tahun 2013 sebanyak 36,40%. Namun, hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2018 menunjukkan prevalensinya menurun menjadi 30,8%. Salah satu dampak dalam jangka panjang adalah kekebalan tubuh menurun sehingga mudah sakit dan risiko tinggi terjadi penyakit. Hal tersebut mendorong peneliti melakukan penelitian mengenai hubungan stunting dengan kerentanan penyakit pada usia 1–5 tahun di Desa Panyirapan Kecamatan Soreang Kabupaten Bandung Provinsi Jawa Barat periode Agustus–November 2019. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling, sedangkan pengambilan sampel kontrol diambil sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membedakan tingkat kerentanan penyakit (dilihat dari frekuensi dan durasi sakit) pada anak stunting dengan anak tidak stunting usia 1–5 tahun. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode observasional analitik melalui desain studi kohort (cohort). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara stunting dan kerentanan penyakit pada anak usia 1–5 tahun (p=0,600) dan memiliki  faktor risiko 1,333 kali lebih rentan terkena penyakit dibanding dengan balita yang tidak stunting (RR=1,333; IK 95%:0,648–2,744). Simpulan, tidak terdapat hubungan antara stunting dan kerentanan penyakit pada anak usia 1–5 tahun.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding Duration Is Associated With Growth Among Children Aged 0 to 23 Months; Analysis of the Zambia 2018 Demographic and Healthy Survey Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiza Kumwenda ◽  
Lukonde Mwelwa Zgambo ◽  
Maryse Umugwaneza ◽  
Dorothy Nthani ◽  
Hilda Nyambe Silavwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Z Score ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Infants And Young Children ◽  
Height For Age

Abstract Background The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months and continued breastfeeding up to 24 months and beyond. Breastfeeding is beneficial for infant growth, development, and survival. Evidence on the association between breastfeeding duration and growth is not conclusive. The aim of the present study was to establish the association between breastfeeding duration and growth among infants and young children. MethodsThe study is based on data from the 2018 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS). The primary outcome for the study was height-for-age Z-score (HAZ). Association between HAZ and breastfeeding duration was assessed by using regression analysis. ResultsThe overall mean ± SD for HAZ was -1.24 ± 1.46 and the median (interquartile range) breastfeeding duration was 9 (4-14 months). After controlling for potential confounders, breastfeeding duration was inversely associated with HAZ (β=-0.07, p<0.001) and WHZ (β=-0.04, p<0.001). Path analysis demonstrated that the effect of breastfeeding duration is independent of child’s birth weight and maternal perceived birth size. Other determinants of HAZ were child’s weight and sex, while WHZ was predicted by maternal age, diarrhea episode and child’s birth weight. ConclusionBreastfeeding duration is negatively associated with both HAZ and WHZ among Zambian children. However, the magnitudes of the association are quite small to be of clinical significance. Thus, breastfeeding should continue to be promoted, protected and supported from birth up to two years and beyond.

scholarly journals Estimation of Prevalence of Osteoporosis Using OSTA and Its Correlation with Sociodemographic Factors, Disability and Comorbidities

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peizhi Wang ◽  
Edimansyah Abdin ◽  
Saleha Shafie ◽  
Siow Ann Chong ◽  
Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Prevention Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Health Organization

Osteoporosis is a growing concern for an aging society. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of older adults who were at risk of osteoporosis and explore factors associated with osteoporosis. The relationship between the risk of osteoporosis, chronic conditions and disability was also explored. We hypothesized that respondents with high risk index of osteoporosis would be associated with greater disability. Participants aged 60 years and above (N = 2565) who were representative of Singapore’s multiethnic population were recruited. The Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA) was used to classify the risk of osteoporosis. Information on sociodemographic details and chronic diseases were collected, while severity of disability was measured using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. The overall prevalence of the respondents who were at risk of osteoporosis was 52%. Those belonging to an older age, Chinese, female, never married or widowed, lower education and retired were associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis. A diagnosis of diabetes or hypertension was a protective factor against the risk of osteoporosis. High risk of osteoporosis was not associated with disability. Our findings highlighted specific factors associated with the risk of osteoporosis that could be useful for the prevention of osteoporosis and fractures.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Growth of Children Aged 12–24 Months in the Tanga Region, Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-217
Author(s):  
Ingvild Skålnes Elverud ◽  
Ketil Størdal ◽  
Mercy Chiduo ◽  
Claus Klingenberg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background The first 1000 days of life, from conception to the second birthday, offer a unique window of opportunity for optimal growth, critical for future health. The primary aim of this study was to analyze growth of children between 12 and 24 months age in Tanzanian children, and to explore possible predictors for growth. Methods Observational, cross-sectional study performed between March and April 2017. Eligible children, and their mothers, attended routine follow-up at two health clinics in Tanga, Tanzania. At the study day, the child’s weight and height were recorded. The mothers answered a structured interview regarding breastfeeding, immunization and socioeconomic conditions. Results We recruited 300 mother–child pairs. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] age at study visit was 16 (14–20) months. Mothers reported that 170 (57%) of their children were exclusively breastfed for a minimum of 6 months; median (IQR) 6 (4–6) months. Using the World Health Organization (WHO) standard growth curves, mean weight-for-age Z-score was −0.30 and mean length-for-age Z-score was −0.47. Children whose mothers had higher education had higher Z-scores for weight and length compared to children of mothers with lower education. Education remained the most important predictor for growth also after adjusting for other variables. Overall, 48/300 (16%) were moderate-severe stunted and 25/300 (8.4%) had moderate-severe underweight. Conclusion Children aged 12–24 months in this region of Tanzania had weight and height below the WHO standard. Higher educated mothers had children with better growth parameters. Duration of exclusive breastfeeding was long, but did not predict growth parameters.

scholarly journals Quality of Life and Its Contributing Factors in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolaemia in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salmi Razali ◽  
Zaliha Ismail ◽  
Yung An Chua ◽  
Hapizah M Nawawi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolaemia ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Health Organization

Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) causes severe complications including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and stroke, leading to poor quality of life (QoL). Despite the availability of advanced treatment, data on QoL and its contributing factors is sparse. Hence, this study aimed to describe the pattern of QoL among FH patients and investigate its association with sociodemographic factors and illness characteristics. Hundred FH patients were assessed using Pro forma questionnaires and World Health Organization QoL questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). Significant contributing factors including level of education, income, and the presence and type of CVDs. These findings may help to inform more effective interventions for FH patients. Keywords: Familial hypercholesterolaemia; quality of life; sociodemography; cardiovascular diseaseeISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i10.1621

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document